The content and thought on gradually exploratory experiment teaching of pharmacology was introduced to research the cultivation of innovative talents and good experiment concept.

Aortopulmonary septal defect is a rare anomaly,it should be considered whenever the course of complex congenital heart di-sease includes early cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension.So the importance of early correction to avoid irreversible pulmonary hypertension was emphasized.Noninvasive imaging with echocardiography and (or) 64MRSCT will adequately define the anatomy before surgery,it's necessary to perform cardiac catheterization to evaluate the reversability of pulmonary vessels when pulmonary hypertention is suspected.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Nephritis ; chemically induced ; prevention & control

Comet Assay

Objective: To explore the clinical value of the treatment of bilateral vocal cord paralysis by tenoto-my and vocal process resection with CO_2 laser. Method: Eighteen cases of bilateral vocal cord paralysis after thy-roidectomy from March 2004 to June 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative tracheotomy and CO_2 laser tenotomy and vocal process resection were performed. Result: All patients were able to breathe through the mouth and nose immediately after the operation. Fifteen patients were extubated within 8 weeks. Three patients were op-erated again after 4-6 weeks because of granulation hyperblastosis. All patients were followed up for 1. 6 years to 2. 3 years without breathing difficulties, aspiration and with satisfactory voice. Conclusion: The approach of CO_2 la-ser tenotomy and vocal process resection can effectively relieve breathing difficulty resulted from bilateral vocal cord paralysis, achieve satisfactory voice and avoid aspiration.

Objective To study the killing effect of polymorphonuclear neutrophils(PMNs) on Trichomonas vaginalis. Methods The vaginal secretion from a patient with vaginitis was incubated in the liver infusion liquid medium to get T. vaginalis. One ml serum was collected from the patient and heated for 30 min at 56 ℃ to inactivate complement in serum, and was absorbed three times with the parasites at 0 ℃ to make the serum free of antibodies. PMNs were separated from the patient’s blood and purified with density gradient centrifugation and polymer accelerating sedimentation. NBT and safranin O were used to stain the sample. The interaction between PMNs and the parasites was observed under microscope. 300 trichomonads and 3?104 PMNs were incubated for 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes under the conditions of aerobic or anaerobic, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) or without SOD and CAT, and with complement or without complement. They were then inoculated in solid medium for another five days under the anaerobic condition, and surviving organisms were enumerated. Results PMNs were observed to surround and kill a single trichomonad. In the petri-dish containing PMNs, the surviving rate of the parasites in anaerobic condition was 85%, only 3% in aerobic condition (P

Objective To investigate the prophylactic treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in renal transplant patients.Methods Fifty-five patients were divided into two groups. Group A (n=27) was administered with ganciclovir (5 mg/kg every day) intravenously for 30 days. Group B(n=28) was the control group. According to donor (D) or recipient (R) CMV antibody categories,each group had D+/R-,D-/R+,D+/R+ three subgroups. All patients were followed up prospectively for 6 months with measurements of CMV antibody,CMV-DNA antigen,acute rejection for monitoring activity of CMV infections.Results The rate of CMV infection and disease was similar in both groups. The delay between transplantation and CMV infection was significantly longer in the ganciclovir group than in the control group (70.1?14.9 vs 50.2?9.8,P

Objective To investigate the passive smoking prevalence and its influencing factors among residents aged 15 and ol-der in Chongqing City ,and provide the evidence for the government to make tobacco control policy or improve the present tobacco control policy ,reduce the harm of secondhand smoke .Methods 753 non-smoker residents was investigated by using the multi-stage random sampling .Results The passive smoking rate of residents aged 15 and older in Chongqing city is 45 .95% ,among which ,the male′s is 43 .13% ,the female′s is 47 .45% ,there is no significant difference between gender distribution .There is a significant difference among different age groups(P<0 .05) ,the passive smoking rate of people aged 25 to 34 is the highest(55 .17% ) .There is a significant difference among different occupational groups (P<0 .05) ,the passive smoking rate of the people who engaged in commercial service is the highest(58 .01% ) .There is no significant difference among education level groups .About the non-smok-ers′attitudes to others smoking around ,the higher education level people have ,the more they will care about this ,the number of fe-male(87 .98% ) is significantly higher than male(70 .99% ) .Conclusion The harm of secondhand smoke to the residents aged 15 and older in Chongqing City is high ,so strengthening legislation and law enforcement is necessary to prevent the public exposure to secondhand smoke and reduce passive smoking level .

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of venous external valvuloplasty in treatmeant of moderate or severe incompetent deep venous valve.Methods 54 patients with moderate and severe primary incompetent deep venous valve underwent anterograde and retrograde venous angiography of lower limbs, the angiography showed that reflux degree were 2～4grade. 54 patients were divided into two groups.The first group patients(n=32) without serious injured free margin of venous valve leaves were treated by venous external valvuloplasty,the other group patients with serious injured free margin of valve leaves(n=22),were other treatment.Results The showed excellent curative effect,were obtained better effect 29(90.6%) of the 32 cases were 3(9.4%) of 32 cases.The symptoms of all patients were disappearance and ulcer were close up. The colour Doppler ultrasonography had shown that blood was not flow backwards in the vein.Conclusions The authors believe that the good results may be expected in the opration of venous external valvuloplasty in patients with moderate and severe primary incompetent deep venous valve whose free margin of valve leaves were not serious injured .

ObjectiveTo evaluate superselective hepatic artery angiography and embolization in the diagnosis and treatment of massive hemobilia. Methods Eight patients with massive hemobilia were admitted from March 1993 to July 2001.All underwent emergent superselective right or left hepatic artery angiography, with the diagnosis being established, and embolization of the hepatic artery branch proximal to the bleeding point. Results Two out of the 8 patients received second embolization for recurrent bleeding, and the bleeding stopped immediately after the embolization in all 8 patients. All patients were alive and without bleeding recurrence at follow up from 2 months to 7 years. Conclusion Superselective hepatic artery angiography and embolization is an effective method in the diagnosis and treatment for massive hemobilia.