In recent years,with the rapid development of orthopedic surgery and minimally invasive surgery,superficial fascia and its structures are receiving much recognition and more and more attention.Although opinions on naming and definition at different levels still vary,in-depth study of related structures offers clinical surgeons a broad prospect.

The necessity and performing method of research-intensive teaching in microbiology experiments are explored in the aspects of teaching design, process and effect. It is concluded that research-intensive experiments plays a positive role in developing students’comprehensive quality.

Since the laparoscopic thyroidectomy carried out in China for ten years,this technique has become more and more mature,indications gradually broadened,and playing a vital role in the field of thyroid surgery.This article will explain this technique in the aspects of approaches,the establishment and maintenance of the surgical space,indications,antiindications and complications.

The (GCT)o polymorphism of the MICA gene was investigated in 100 patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adult (LADA) and 145 healthy controls by PCR and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The A5.1 allele was present at a significantly higher frequency in LADA group (0.340) than that in control group (0.183) (P

With the development of industrialization,the problem of oil-contamination to the soil is getting more and more serious.How to clear up or remove the oil-contaminants from the soil becomes an important environmental problem for all countries around the world.Bioremediation,as the methods with fast and safe in processing,low cost and non-secondary contamination,is becoming the main solution to soil environment by oil contamination.Biostimulation and bioaugmentation are most commonly used techniques in bioremediation.The theory of bioremediation,including the concept and method of biostimulation and bioaugmentation were introduced,and advance study and progress in this field from the world in recently years were demenstrated.Both of the two methods can lead a significant decrease in soli TPH content,but the efficiency relates to many factors.Accordingly,the bioremediation technique should be tailored specifically to each polluted site.

By using cup culture, influence of different strains (ammonium-resistant N2-fixing type, wild type, none N2-fixing type) of Klebsiella oxytoca on the growth of rice seedling was compared. It was discovered that ammonium-resistant N2 -fixing bacteria could excrete some plant growth promoting substance, which could be adsorbed by cation resin. It' s activity wouldn't be affected at 80℃. At optimal concentration, the weight of rice root and seedling were increased by

BACKGROUND: Measurement is frequently performed in diagnosis of orthopedics, and involved in various correction andtreatment of congenital and acquired deformity. The perioperative measurement of affected knees of patients undergoing totalknee replacement (TKR) is significant.OBJECTIVE: To clinically evaluate and validate 4 domains of a self-designed simple medical orthopedics tool measurementapparatus (OTMA) according to the results of Cybex Norm measurement system, an international standard measurementapparatus, for osteoarthritis patients during TKR.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Stratified, randomized, Controlled experiment. The study was performed at the Department ofOrthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital between October 2004 and March 2006.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 47 patients (66 knees) with osteoarthritis of knee, undergoing TKR, were selected and randomlydivided into 2 groups: OTMA group (n=24, 33 knees) and Cybex group (n=23, 33 knees).METHODS: Range of motion (ROM) of two groups was measured respectively using OTMA and Cybex Norm, before and 3months after treatment as well as the final time of 1-year follow up. The ROM results were evaluated by Hospital for SpecialSurgery Knee Score (HSS) scale for knee joint. The visual analog scale and MOS 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)scale were filled to verify the applicability and reproducibility of OTMA. The correlation of measurement results and subjectivescale evaluation was analyzed to verify the evaluation efficiency of OTMA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coincidence of ROM of two groups at different time points; correlation of scale scores and ROM.RESULTS: All patients were followed up. The coincidence rate of measurements between OTMA and Cybex Norm was 98.3%,HSS scale scores were increased with increasing ROM in both groups (P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that ROM washighly correlated with scale results, consistent with the clinical manifestation of patients.CONCLUSION: The measurement process was accepted by all patients, and could be performed repetitively. OTMA displaysprecise measurement, which could reflect clinical symptoms of patients and assist clinical diagnosis.

BACKGROUND:Cybex NORMTM isokinetic dynamometer exhibits precise measurement,but the operation is too complex and the cost is too high to apply on routine examination.OBJECTIVE:To compare orthopedics tool measurement apparatus(OTMA)and Cybex NORMTM dynamometer in evaluating the range of motion after the treatment of shoulder.hip and knee joint diseases,and to verify tlle practical value of OTMA as a scientitic patent achievement.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Clinical randomized control trial was carried out in the Rcsearch Center for Orthopaedics and Artificial Joint.Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October 2004 to March 2005.PARTICIPANTS:A total of 121 patients were randomly divided into two groups.OTMA group comprised 22 patients with shoulder periarthritis(22 shoulders).1 5 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head(21 hips),and 24 patients with knee osteoarthritis(33 knees).Cybex group comprised 21 patients with shoulder periarthritis(21 shoulders),16 patients with avascular necrosis of the femoral head(21 hips),and 23 patients with knee osteoarthritis(33 knees).METHODS:Two groups patients were treated with OTMA or Cybex NORMTM dynamometer,respectively,the range of motion was measured before treatment and 3 months,1 year after treatment.The Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS)knee rating scale,Karisson evaluation criterion of shoulder function and Harris hip score were applied to evaluate the patients,Visual analog scale(VAS)pain scale and short-form health survey(SF-36)were also used in this study.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The range of motion in shoulder,hip and knee;Karlsson,Harris and HSS scores;VAS pain score and SF-36 score.RESULTS:OTMA measurement had a coincidence with Cybex NORMTM dynamometer measurement as 98.3%.All patients accepted and completed the measurement.The range of motion Was associated with HSS.Karlsson and Harris scores (P=0.002).CONCLUSION:According to three-dimensional space measurement,the digital OTMA may obtain the outcomes similarly with Cybex NORMTM dynamometer,it is also near to the practical value of joint angles.

106 ethmoidal specimens ranging from 12 to 40 weeks of embryonic age were cut into serial sections and observed by histological method. The results showed that the ethmoid sinus began its development at about 21-23 weeks of fetal life. The frontal folds or furrows were formed by extensions or evaginations of the nasal mucous membrane from the superior and lateral wall of the middle and superior nasal meatuses. The ethmoid cells appeared at 24-26 weeks and they kept their own small ostia that opened into the middle and superior nasal meatuses. The number and size of the ethmoid cells were increased with the age. The cell cavities showed balanced enlargement. At birth each ethmoid labyrinth had 6-11 cells, measuring on the average 1.7?1.3?2.0 mm~3 in size. The distribution of the ethmoid cells approached those of mature age. The epithelium of the ethmoid sinus was cuboidal or low columnar in shape. Cilia appeared sparse. Tunica propria, mainly composed of the connective tissue and its stroma, was thick, loose, and less vascular and glandular. It suggested that the ethmoid sinus was one of the accessory nasal sinuse that developed first. The ethmoid sinus presented at birth and its appreance were not synchronous, but their location were relatively invariable. The histological structure of the mucous membrane in the ethmoid sinus was somewhat different from those of the nasal mucous membrane. It showed that the development of the ethmoid mucous membrane was still imperfect in the newborn.