Some studies corresponding modernization of Chinese materia m edica(CMM)were performed in the institute for the new technologies,materials,and facilities based on the achievements and experiences gotten in the past two dec ades.The technologies of large-scale propagation of plant cell,tissue,and organ were applied to the products of cell metabolism,biotransformation,and artificial breeding and rooting.Many new types of large-scale bioreactors were designed an d used not only for laboratory but also for manufactory.Reaction/separation inte gration technology,microwave-assisted extraction,and the other new extraction te chnologies were studied to realize high efficiency and low energy.Besides tradit ional separation and purification methods,new technologies,including extraction in reversed micelles,one step three-phase extraction on Penicillin,foam fraction ation,membrane separation,and high-speed counter-current chromatography(HSCC),we re developed.HSCCC is a kind of liquid-liquid partition chromatography without a ny solid matrix,which eliminates irreversible adsorption of samples on solid sup port in the conventional chromatographic column.It has been successfully applied to the analysis and separation of various natural products.At the same time,man y types of microsphere and microencapsules for controlled release and separation media were prepared and lots of attention was paid on drug modifying and embedd ing techniques.HSCCC was also applied as a new method to the study of CMM finger print and showed good precision and repeatability.High performance liquid chroma tography(HPLC),gas chromatography(GC),high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE),and mass spectrometer(MS)played a very important role in fingerprinting.C ontinuous propagation-continuous collection technological process was set for la rge-scale propagation of micro-algae in the study of marine drugs.Transgenic alg ae were cultured to prduce genetically engineered products.

Nanobacteria (NB) is a kind of new bacteria with a diameter of 8 0~500 nm. It has specific mineralizing ability. As a active nidus it can attac h, invade and damage the renal epithelium of collecting ducts and papilla, and t hen form apatite which being the center to induce formation of kidney stones. I n the paper, the research progress on nanobateria contained in kidney stones and its role in kidney stones formation were summarized. The simulation in vitro a nd animal models of kidney stones formation induced by nanobateria were discusse d.

Objective To further explore the blood supply and interventional therapy of adult cavernous hemangiomas of the liver (CHL).Methods Recently some authors reported that a satisfactory effect resulted from transcatheter portal venous embolization was obtained in few cases of CHL with blood supply of portal vein,and raised an objection to the standpoint that CHL was commonly supplied by hepatic artery completely.In order to get a scientific and reasonable explanation for it,this paper reviewed the vascular embryology and histology of the liver,the pathologic features of CHL as well as the relative literature,and combined with the investigation results of blood dynamic changes of CHL that had been performed in 2000～2002 by us.Results CHL was caused by the arrested development of hepatic sinusoids at the embryonic stage.Pathologically,CHL was consisted of a lot of enlarged abnormal sinusoids,which were variant in size and closely related with the hemodynamic changes of CHL (in inverse proportion).The CHL consisted of even and tiny abnormal sinusoids (diameter less than 50 ?m) pathologically usually presented a high flow.During the hepatic artery angiography or CTHA,it was rapidly filled by the arterial blood containing contrast media and frequently showed dense opacification or enhancement.Simultaneously this could result in increased pressure of abnormal sinusoids.When the sinusoidal pressure exceeded that of the connecting portal venules,the arterial blood containing contrast media filled in the abnormal sinusoids could lead to retrograde flow in the portal venules.That was arterial-portal venous shunts (APVS).These appearances described as above could also occur in some CHL with intermediate flow,in which many tiny abnormal sinusoids located in the peripheral area were identified pathologically.On the contrary,the CHL consisted of larger abnormal sinusoids (diameter more than 500 ?m) pathologically usually presented a low flow.During the hepatic artery angiography or CTHA,it was filled very slowly by the arterial blood containing contrast media and was difficult to opacify or enhance.Simultaneously this could result in a low pressure of abnormal sinusoids.When the sinusoidal pressure was lower than that of the connecting portal venules,the portal venous blood containing contrast media could easily flow into the abnormal sinusoids and make it enhanced during the direct or indirect portography (or CTAP).Conclusion CHL is really a congenital venous malformation.All the CHL with high flow and some CHL with intermediate flow are surely supplied by the hepatic artery and drained primarily by the peripheral branches of portal vein.However,in few CHL with marked lower flow,the portal vein should become a primary supply vessel,so a direct or indirect portography (or CTAP) must often be taken to identify the diagnosis.Thereby,the technique of transcatheter embolization of CHL including the aim,indication,approach,and the used sclerotic or embolic drugs,etc,should also be reconsidered in order to improve its therapeutic efficacy.

Objective To detect the specific serum protein of colorectal cancer by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization tune of flight mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS)and provide the foundation for early detection of colorectal cancer.Methods The levels of serum protein of 36 patients with colorectal cancer and 36 healthy control subjects were detected by weak cation exchanger protein chip(WCX2)chip and SELDI-TOF-MS.Results At the M/Z value range from 2 000 Da to 30 000 Da,82 protein peaks were found.The level of 3 604.240 Da protein was significantly higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in healthy control subjects,while the level of 12 861.368 Da protein was significantly higher in healthy control subjects than in patients with colorectal cancer(P＜0.05).The specificity,sensitivity,and positive predictive value of the detection of colorectal cancer using these 2 protien were 86.11%,77.78%,and 87.5%.respectively.Conclusion The 3 604.240 Da and 12 861.368 Da proteins can be used as the serum marker for early detection of colorectal cancer.

Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; surgery

There are two populations of bacteria to affect the formation of urinary stones in humanity. The first one can promote the formation of urinary stone by increasing urinary pH, decreasing concentration of urinary inhibitors , and damaging the protective urothelial glycosaminoglycan layer. The second inhibit the formation of urinary stones. These bacteria ( mainly the intestinal oxalate degrading bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis etc) can decrease urinary oxalate concentration by regulating exogenous oxalate. The problems faced and the developing direction were also indicated.

In this paper,adverse drug reaction(ADRs)of two groups using ionic contrast media(ICM)and nonionic contrast media(NICM)respectively for conventional an- giography(CA),DSA and contrast enhanced CT(CTE)were analysed and compared with the recent literature. The results of this study indicated that(1)using ICM for CA,DSA and CTE,the in- cidence of ADRs is higher than that of NICM because of its high osmolarity,the effect of electric charge and chemotoxicity;however,even in the at-risk patients the incidence of ADRs; can be significantly decreased by using NICM.(2)the incidence of ADRs in patients with rapidly intraarterial injection is higher than that of intravenous injection;(3)the patients with ADRs to ICM previously could be reexamined by using NICM without inducing the ADRs (4)using lower concentration or/and volume of NICM than that of ICM may obtain superior images than the equivalent ICM because of the little influence of NICM on the plasma volume and the concentration of intravascular contrast midia;and(5)though NICM is surely a safe and ideal contrast midia,it still must be careful to use in at-risk patients. Because of its high cost limiting its universal use,a selective use in at-risk patients for the intavenous examinations is proposed by us.Excluding the usual high risk factors describ- ed in literature,we suggested that if the patients with the following factors,NICM should be the preferred choice for the angiography and CTE:(1)the post-operative patients of biain disease;(2)the patients with coma or shock;(3)the patients with peripheral aterial of ve- nous thrombosis and(4)the patients for interventional procedures of cardioascutlar system (CVIR). In addition to,the authors pointed out that some new problems concerning with the con- trast media(CM)must be noticed in the procedures of CVIR:the overdose of CM,he ad- verse effects resulted from the mixing of CM with other pharmaceutical products injected and the evaporated hyperc oncentatian decomposition,or carbonization of the CM resulted from the interaction within high energy equipment or under high temperature.

Objective:To find out the existing pattern of HPV16 in tongue cancer cell and to analyze itsrole in carcinogenesis of tongue cancer. Methods :Southern blot hybridization was used to detect the HPV16sequence and its existing condition in 20 cases of fresh human tongue cancers. Results:HPV16 DNA se-quence in 5 cases of 20 tongue cancers was detected. And HPV16 DNA existed in tongue cancer cell in non-integration pattern. Conclusion:HPV16 was involved in carcinogenesis of tongue cancer through interactionof HPV gene products rather than its integration with genome of target cell.

Objective To investigate the roles of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF) in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, and to analyze whether strain rate (SR) can be early sensitive evaluation for septic heart failure.Methods Sixty-four healthy male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups by random number table (n = 16 in each group): sham group, cecum ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis model group, anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group. The anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group were injected with 5μL/g of anti-MyD88 antibody or anti-TRIF antibody through the tail veins 2 hours before CLP. Eight animals in each group were used to observe the survival of 24 hours, and the other 8 myocardial tissues were harvested for examination. The cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography before and 6 hours and 12 hours after operation. The mRNA expressions of MyD88, TRIF and inflammatory factors in myocardium were measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 24 hours after operation, and the degree of neutrophils infiltration was detected by myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity.Results The number of 24-hour survive in anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group were higher than that in CLP group (number: 4, 3 vs. 2,P = 0.044,P = 0.047). Compared with sham group, the cardiac function was significantly decreased, the mRNA expressions of myocardial tissues MyD88, TRIF, interleukin (IL-1, IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly increased, and the infiltration of neutrophils were obvious in CLP group. Compared with CLP group, the left ventricular short axis fractional shortening rate (FS) and SR were significantly increased after 12 hours in anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group [FS: (49.52±1.78)%, (49.89±1.49)%vs. (41.11±1.63)%, SR (s-1): 17.63±2.16, 17.85±1.64 vs. 12.55±1.84]; the mRNA expressions of MyD88, TRIF and inflammatory factors were significantly decreased [MyD88 mRNA (A value): 0.463±0.046, 0.505±0.048 vs. 0.638±0.102, TRIF mRNA (A value): 0.413±0.031, 0.410±0.021 vs. 0.625±0.057, IL-1 mRNA (A value):0.569±0.101, 0.570±0.091 vs. 0.946±0.171, IL-6 mRNA (A value): 0.551±0.143, 0.431±0.157 vs. 0.850±0.194, TNF-α mRNA (A value): 0.471±0.082, 0.444±0.093 vs. 0.707±0.094]; and the infiltration of neutrophils were significantly decreased [MPO (U/L): 62.34±2.60, 60.87±2.40 vs. 73.83±4.90], with statistically significant differences (allP < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in above parameters between the anti-MyD88 group and anti-TRIF group (allP > 0.05).Conclusions Blocking MyD88 and TRIF expression play significant and similar roles in protecting cardiac deterioration from sepsis by attenuating cytokine release, reducing neutrophil infiltration. SR can sensitively assess septic cardiac dysfunction.

Aim To improve the sensitivity of phycobiliprotein immunofluorescence assay(PBPIFA), by introducing into bridged avidin biotin(BRAB) technique,known as BRAB-PBPIFA. Methods Using ELISA as a gold standard, effectiveness of three assays(direct PBPIFA, BRAB-PBPIFA and ELISA)were compared in simultaneous detection of standard antigen and 500 serum samples. Results BRAB improved greatly sensitivity of PBPIFA in detecting antigen of low concentration, and detection rate of weakly positive samples could increase by one times and a half. In the applying, protein-free blocking agent Tween 20 to BRAB-PBPIFA,possessed better blocking effect. Conclusion Combination of BRAB technique with PBPIFA can improve the detcctive sensitivity.