By referred to a lot of data, some new drug delivery systems(DDSs) including the Sustained and Controlled DDS, the Targeted DDS, the Transdermal DDS, the Bioadhensive DDS, the PowderJect DDS and the Self-Emulsifying DDS and their applications in TCD since 2000, will be summarized and some latest DDSs in the world including drug-eluting stents, gene therapy carrier system, biological chip, biomolecular motor-powered nanodevice and nanotrap will be also introduced in this paper. The objective of this paper is to introduce the new DDSs proceedings of and their applications in the Traditional Chinese Drugs(TCDs) and to provide some references for the pharmaceutics of TCD. For several recent years, the great success have been achieved in studying the new DDS application in the change of preparation of TCD by the investigators at home, but there is a large difference between at home and at board. So it is necessary to make a greater advance. During the modernization of TCD, there is an effective way that the new drug delivery systems(DDSs) will be applied in the change of the preparation of TCD.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Administration Routes ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Nanotechnology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Skin Absorption ; Technology, Pharmaceutical

Objective To explore the clinical application and effect of the transplantation of the cutaneous fibular flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap for the repair of complex tissue defect of the leg. Methods The cutaneous fibular flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap in series connection or parallel connection transfer were applied to repair complex tissue defect of the leg in 36 cases. 10 cases were fresh non-infectious wound 26 cases were delayed infectious wound. The area of wound ranged from 25 cm × 18 cm to 45 cm × 13 cm (36 cm × 16 cm on average). The area of anterolateral thigh flap ranged from 12 cm × 13 cm to 32 cm × 18 cm. The area of the cutaneous fibular flap ranged from 2.0 cm × 1.5 cm to 18.0 cm × 16.0 era. The length of fibular transplantation ranged from 10 cm to 24 cm. 30 cases were combined in parallel connection transfer, 6 cases were combined in series connection transfer, 5 cases were repaired in emergency, 5 cases were repaired in subemergency, 26 cases were repaired in delay. Results All cases were successfully repaired in 36 cases.35 cases were followed up. A mean follow-up was 29 months. Arterial crisis occurred in 1 case, venous crisis occurred in 2 cases 34 flaps survived completely and 2 cutaneous fibular flap survived partially in parallel connection which were later healed by skin transplantation.32 cases were healed in first stage, 4 cases were healed in second stage, (healing time ranged from 12 to 18 days), Bone healing time ranged from 3 to 6 months in fibula transplantation. The Enneking score system was applied to evaluate the leg function. Of the 35 cases, the mean scores was 26 (their scores ranged from 23 to 28).The functions of all supplied regions were not found malfunctional. Conclusion Transplantation of the cutaneous fibular flap combined with anterolateral thigh flap is an optimal method to repair the complex tissue defect of the leg.

The high price of the reference substances is an obstacle for the HPLC analysis of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. To solve this problem, a new method based on the standard reference extract (SRE) was proposed. In this study, the extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was calibrated, and the long-term stability was investigated. Different concentration solutions of SRE were prepared for establishment of the calibration profiles, and 6 organic acids were determined. T-test was used for the comparison of the determination results via reference substances and SRE, and the results demonstrated that there is no significant difference between the two methods. The presented method can be used for the quality control of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, and will also offer reference to resolve similar problems.
Flowers ; chemistry ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects and prevent the complications of posterior and anterior decompression and internal fixation in the revision of cervical anterior internal fixation failure.

METHODSFrom 2008 January to 2011 December, 17 patients with cervical anterior internal fixation failure were treated with posterior and anterior decompression and internal fixation. There were 12 males and 5 females, aged from 26 to 68 years old with an average of 44.1 years. The lower screw loosening was found in 6 cases, the upper screw loosening in 5 cases, titanium mesh caving in 3 cases, the upper screw breakage in 2 cases, the lower screw breakage in 1 case. Informations of bone fusion were observed by X-ray, CT, MRI. Clinical effects were evaluated by modified JOA score.

RESULTSAll the revision operations were successfully completed. One case with poor blood coagulation function before operation resulted in postoperative hematoma and occurred neurological symptoms; after hematoma removal and fresh frozen plasma infusion later, neurological symptoms of the patient disappeared. All patients were followed up from 6 to 38 months with an average of (22.4±10.0) months. Postoperative at 2 weeks, 3 months, and final follow-up, JOA score had obviously improved and respectively was 13.1±1.6, 13.4±1.6, 14.2±1.5. All internal fixation locations were good after revision,and obtained bone fusion at 10 months after operation, with an average fusion time of 6 months.

CONCLUSIONThe combined posterior and anterior decompression and internal fixation in the revision of cervical anterior internal fixation failure is safe, can achieve thoroughly decompression, maintain the cervical curvature, reconstruct the three column stability, and it may be used for the patients of cervical anterior fixation failure.

Adult ; Aged ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transurethral catheterization on the uroflow rate in the pressure-flow study of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSThirty-nine men with BPH underwent free uroflowmetry and pressure-flow analysis respectively. With an 8 F urethral catheter, the standard pressure-flow variables such as the maximum flow rate, detrusor pressure at the maximum flow rate and so on were recorded. The free maximum flow rate and the maximum flow rate with transurethral catheterization were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe maximum voided volumes of the free uroflowmetry group and the pressure-flow study group were (209.23 +/- 56. 56) ml and (210.33 +/- 62.02) ml respectively (P > 0.05). The free maximum flow rate was (8.61 +/- 2.80) ml/s, and the maximum flow rate with transurethral catheterization-was (7.39 +/- 3.01) ml/s (P < 0.05). When the patients were divided into seven grades of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) according to the Schäfer nomogram, the free maximum flow rate and the maximum flow rate with transurethral catheterization with Grade 0-I of BOO were (12.56 +/- 1.57) ml/s and (10.95 +/- 2.51) ml/s, and those of Grade II were (9.35 +/- 0.76) ml/s and (8.41 +/- 1.23) ml/s respectively. For Grades III, IV and V-VI , the two maximum flow rates were (7.88 +/- 1.21) ml/s and (6.37 +/- 0.59) ml/s, (6.54 +/- 1.93) ml/s and (5.55 +/- 2.48) ml/s, and (6.01 +/- 2.10) ml/s and (4.84 +/- 2.89) ml/s, respectively, all with significant difference in between (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe 8 F urethral catheter has a significant effect on the maximum uroflow rate in the pressure-flow study and this effect is correlated with the grade of BOO.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Catheterization ; methods ; Urination ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUND: A variety of stem cells have been found to be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in rats. However, few reports have been reported on the treatment of Alzheimer's disease rats with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-modified human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of BDNF-modified human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer's disease rats. METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group (no treatment), model group (Alzheimer's disease model), stem cell transplantation group (human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation+Alzheimer's disease model) and BDNF-modified stem cell transplantation group (BDNF-modified human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation+Alzheimer's disease model), 12 rats in each group. Learning and memory of model rats were determined in a trisection radiation maze and immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the number of p75 positive neurons at 2 weeks after cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of p75 positive neurons in the bevel zone and medial septal nucleus was ranked as follows: the model group < the stem cell transplantation group < the BDNF-modified stem cell transplantation group < the control group, and there were significant differences among groups (P < 0.05). The learning and memory abilities of the rats were ranked as follows: the model group < the stem cell transplantation group < the BDNF-modified stem cell transplantation group < the control group, and there were significant differences among groups (P < 0.05). In the BDNF-modified stem cell transplantation group, the number of learnings was negatively correlated with the number of p75 NGFR-positive neurons (P < 0.05), while the memory capacity was positively correlated with the number of p75 NGFR-positive neurons (P < 0.05). These findings reveal that human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can improve learning and memory abilities of Alzheimer's disease rats, and BDNF-modified human amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells can further improve this therapeutic effect.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of low-dose oral tadalafil on self-esteem, confidence and sexual relationship in ED patients.

METHODSWe treated 17 ED patients with oral tadalafil at the low dose of 5 mg once daily for 12 weeks, and used the paired t test to compare their scores on The Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire (SEAR) and IIEF-5 and the results of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) obtained by nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA) before and after the medication.

RESULTSThe scores on SEAR and IIEF-5 were significantly increased (P < 0.01) and NPT markedly improved (P < 0.05) after tadalafil treatment as compared with the baseline.

CONCLUSIONLow-dose oral tadalafil once daily can significantly improve the self-esteem, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction and NPT of ED patients.

Adult ; Carbolines ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Erectile Dysfunction ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Self Concept ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tadalafil ; Vasodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore the use of L-carnitine before percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (PESA-ICSI) in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia.

METHODSSeventy-nine cases of obstructive azoospermia treated in our center from Sep 2008 to Aug 2009 were divided into an L-carnitine (n = 43) and a control group (n = 36), the former given oral L-carnitine at 1 g bid for 3 months before PESA-ICSI, while the latter left untreated. Comparisons were made between the two groups in the number of retrieved oocytes and fertilized oocytes as well as the number and rate of good embryos.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of retrieved oocytes and fertilized oocytes. But the number and rate of good embryos were significantly higher in the L-carnitine than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThree-month oral medication of L-carnitine before PESA-ICSI can raise the number and rate of good embryos in obstructive azoospermia patients and therefore benefit the therapeutic outcome.

Adult ; Azoospermia ; therapy ; Carnitine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Epididymis ; Humans ; Male ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVEThe ratio of psychological to organic ED changes with aging. This study aimed to analyze the results of nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA) for ED patients of different age groups and their significance in the diagnosis of ED.

METHODSA total of 83 ED patients were divided into 4 age groups (< or = 29 yr, 30 -39 yr, 40 -49 yr and > or = 50 yr) and detected for nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) by NEVA.

RESULTSThirty-four of the cases were diagnosed as organic ED, and the other 49 as psychological ED. With the increase of age, the former was increased from 30.3% in the < or = 29 yr group to 60.0% in the > or = 50 yr group, while the latter decreased from 69.7% to 40.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe percentage of organic ED tends to grow with the increase of age, while that of psychological ED is just the opposite.

Adult ; Aging ; Electric Impedance ; Erectile Dysfunction ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penile Erection

OBJECTIVETo search differentially expressed proteins in serum of patients with Crohn disease.

METHODSSerum protein samples from 4 patients with Crohn disease and 8 healthy adults were recruited cross-labeled with variant CyDye, and then followed by two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE), image analysis, and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).

RESULTSThe 2-D electrophoresis results were compared between the Crohn disease patients and the healthy adults. The spot 1058 expression in serum of Crohn disease patients increased by 1.68 folds as compared with healthy adults (P<0.05). The protein was identified as haptoglobin by mass spectrometry.

CONCLUSIONUp-regulating expression of haptoglobin in serum of Crohn disease patients may play a role in disequilibrium of immunity system.

Adult ; Blood Proteins ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Crohn Disease ; blood ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Haptoglobins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proteomics ; methods ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization