[Objective] To investigate the correlation of ulnar variance with gender and age. [Method]Two hundreds healthy volunteers were randomly selected,right handedness,including 117 men,83 women,aged 18 to 84 years old,with an average age of 41.7~16.4.They had no previous history of acute or chronic disease of the wrist and no wrist or forearm fracture history.All the volunteers were randomly selected for unilateral or bilateral wrist X-ray.A total of 309 valid results were obtained.Numerical ulnar variance were divided into groups according to gender,age and left or right hand for statistical analysis.[Result]Among the volunteers,the incidence of ulnar variance were: 48.9% positive,39.8% neutral,and 11.3% negative.Among the male volunteers,the incidence of ulnar variance were: 50.0% positive,39.2% neutral,10.8% negative.Among the female volunteers,the incidence of ulnar variance were: 47.4% positive,40.6% neutral,and 12.0% negative.With the age increasing,the incidence of positive and negative ulnar variance on increased,but that of the neutral variance decreased.There was no significant difference between males and females.The incidence of ulnar variance of the left side were: 49.7% positive,39.3% neutral,and 11.0% negative.The incidence of the right side were 48.2% positive,40.6% neutral,and 11.5% negative.The incidence of ulnar variance showed no significant difference between the two sides.[Conclusion](1) In healthy people,the positive and neutral ulnar variance are more commonly seen than the negative variance.(2) With the growth of age,the ulnar variance tends to change dynamically.(3) In healthy people,the distribution of the ulnar variance at the same age shows no significant difference between men and women.(4) In healthy people,the distribution and change of the ulnar variance are not influenced by the daily activities of the wrist.

Diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) aims to efficiently generate collections of small molecules with diverse appendages, functional groups, stereochemistry and skeletons, thus yielding diverse biological activities capable of modulating a wide variety of biological processes. In this review, we discussed the common strategies employed in DOS with specific examples from recent literature, including reagent-based approach, substrate-based approach, build-couple-pair strategy and privileged substructure-based DOS. The application of some DOS libraries in drug discovery is also presented.
Drug Design ; Drug Discovery ; Small Molecule Libraries

Objective To investigate the impact of using antithrombotic drugs (anticoagulants or antiplatelet aggregation drugs)before the onset of cerebral infarction on hemorrhagic transformation after acute cerebral infarction. Methods The consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction from Chengdu Stroke Registry Project admitted to the Department of Neurology,West China Hospital,Sichuan University from January 1,2004 to January 1,2014 were enrolled. The baseline data on admission,previous usage of anticoagulants and anti-platelet aggregation drugs,as well as CT/ MRI and other imaging data of all patients were collected. According to the results of CT/ MRI reexamined at 72 h after admission,the patients with hemorrhagic transformation were enrolled into a hemorrhagic transformation group;the patients with non-hemorrhagic transformation were enrolled into a non-hemorrhagic transformation group according to the ratio
of 1 ∶ 1. Their gender and age were matched with the hemorrhagic transformation group. The baseline data and drug used of the patients in both groups were compared. The differences of risk factors between the two groups were analyzed with multivariate Logistic regression analysis. The relationship between hemorrhagic transformation and premorbid use of antithrombotic drugs were observed. Results A total of 6 916 patients with acute cerebral infarction were enrolled,including 433 (6. 3%)hemorrhagic transformation (hemorrhagic transformation group)and 433 non-hemorrhagic transformation. (1)There were significant differences between the patients of the two groups on admission in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)score,atrial fibrillation,previous cerebral infarction,and blood glucose levels on admission (all P < 0. 05). (2)The proportions of using anticoagulants and antiplatelet aggregation agents in the hemorrhagic transformation group were higher than those of the non-hemorrhagic transformation group (anticoagulants:14. 1% [n = 61]vs. 3. 9% [n = 17];P < 0. 01,OR,4. 01,95% CI 2. 303 -6. 993;anti-platelet aggregation drugs:14. 3% [n =62]vs. 8. 3% [n = 36];P = 0. 005,OR,1. 84,95% CI 1. 194 -2. 846). (3)The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of anticoagu-lants,anti-platelet aggregation drugs,NIHSS score on admission,and random blood glucose on admission were the independent risk factors for hemorrhagic transformation (OR [95% CI]3. 302 [1. 860 -5. 862], 2. 081 [1. 281 -3. 382],1. 047 [1. 026 -1. 069],and 1. 055 [1. 011 -1. 100],respectively (all P <0. 05). Conclusion The NIHSS score and blood glucose levels on admission are the independent risk factors of hemorrhagic transformation. Using anticoagulants or anti-platelet aggregation drugs before symptom onset is independently associated with hemorrhagic transformation,however,its relationship with the long-term prognosis of acute cerebral infarction need to be further studied.

[Objective]To evaluate the curative effect of the one-stage anterior radical debridement,titanium mesh cage bone fusion and inernal fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.[Method]Twenty-two thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis cases from January 2003 to February 2006 were analyzed retrospectively,among whom 12 were male and 10 were female,age ranging from 19 to 76 years with a mean of 36 years.T_9~L_5 vertebrae were involved in,in detail 1 was involved in single vertebra,17 were involved in 2 vertebrae,3 were involved in 3 vertebrae,1 was involved in the type of jumping style,M=2,Q=0.All cases received one-stage anerior radical debridement,titanium mesh cage bone fusion and internal fixation along with strict anti-tuberculosis chemical therapies.The improvement of symptoms and neurological function,angles reduced by the surgeries and bone fusion,angles lost as well as the subsidence of the titanium mesh during the long-term follow-up were observed and compared statistically.[Result]No recurrence was found in the follow-up period extending from 6 months to 24 months with an averaging of 12.5 months.All the incisions acquired primary healing.The systematic and local symptoms were released postoperatively.Neurological function recovered in different degrees(P

The main fields and trends of research on anti-inflammation and immunopharmacology were reviewed as: signal transduction pathways as target for therapy, cytokine regulating network, new types of immunotherapy, new mechanisms of anti-inflammation drugs, the mechanisms and inductive methods of immune tolerance and the development of natural immune system.

AIM:The ultrastructure,the levels of NO - 2/NO - 3 were investigated in the myocardium of rats with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. METHODS: In order to establish a model of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we injected rats with small dose streptozocoi (iv). Two weeks after the injection, the rats developed impaired glucose tolerance. Then, they were fed with high energy diet for eight weeks to form NIDDM. RESULTS: (1) The ultrastructures of cardiac myocytes of NIDDM rats were changed evidently, with swelled mitochondrion and widened intercalated-disk gap; (2) The levels of NO - 2/NO - 3 in the heart tissue of NIDDM rats were significantly lower than those of normal rats( P

Objective To investigate the protective mechanism of hyaluronic acid (HA) antagonistic to nitmprusside sodium (SNP) on the tissue engineering cartilage. Methods Alginate culture for two weeks was used to recover phenotype of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Differentiation state of chondrecytes was analyzed by immunostaining. The growth of alginate-recovered chondrocytes on the chitosan-based scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscope. After cultured for 3 weeks, this tissue engineering cartilage was treated with SNP in the absence or presence of HA combined with specific β1 integrin blocking antibody collagen type Ⅱ and aggreean were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results Collagen type Ⅱ expression in dedifferentiated chondrocytes was significantly enhanced by alginate bead culture. The chitosan-based scaffold supported cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression of collagen type Ⅱ and aggrecan was observed when tissue engineering cartilage was treated with SNP alone. HA significantly promoted collagen type Ⅱ, and aggrecan expression antagonistic to low concentrations of SNP (p<0.05). However, the specific β1,integrin blocking antibody abrogated the effects of HA. Conclusion Alginate culture recovers the phenotype of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. HA abrogats the inhibitory effect of SNP via β1 integrin signal pathway to protect tissue engineering cartilage.

Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector was employed for simultaneous determination of six components and specific chromatograms analysis in Liuwei Wuling tablets with gradient elution of acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% phosphoric acid as mobile phase. The results showed that six components containing specnuezhenide, phillyrin, schisandrin, schisantherin A, schizandrin A and schizandrin B were separated well under the analytical condition. The average recoveries ranged from 98.96% to 100.5% with RSD less than 2. 0%. Twenty-five common peaks were selected as the specific chromatograms of Liuwei Wuling tablets with schisantherin A as the reference peak. Similarities calculated by cosine of angle, correlation coefficient and peak area ratio similarity (PAR) were all above 0. 95, indicating a good similarity between the reference and twenty batches of samples. Grubbs test and cluster analysis indicated that the established HPLC fingerprints and HPLC quantitative analysis can be used efficiently in the quality control of Liuwei Wuling tablets.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; chemistry

The effect of nifedipine on antipyrine ( AP ) disposition was evaluated in 10 patients with essential hypertension. The disposition were measured with high perfomance liquid chromatography before and after 5d nifedipine treatment. The results showed that APt_1/2 and CL_AP were 14.88?3.1h and 31.29?5.9 ml/min respectively before treatment; APt_1/2 and CL_AP were 14.37?3.1 h and 32?6 ml/min after treatment. There were no significant differences for both parameters between the pre-treatment and after-treatment. The results showed there was no effect of nifedipine on AP disposition in patients with essential hyper ension in vivo. Namely, activation of hepatic microsomal enzymes for oxidative metabolism was not affected by nifedipine.

Objective To investigate the association between depression and clinical outcomes in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods Four hundred and fifty-one patients aged ≥ 60 years undergoing PCI in cardiovascular department of Anyang People's Hospital from January 2012 to June 2014 were prospectively analyzed in this study.Patients were divided into PCI without (SDS＜50) and with (SDS≥50) depressiongroup.They were tested by the self-rating depression scale (SDS) at discharge,and followed up for 1 year.And the 1-year mortality was compared between two groups.Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to confirm the independent risk factors for the 1-year mortality.Results The 1-year mortality was higher in PCI with depression group than in PCI without depression group (8.9oo vs.3.9％,P=0.035).As compared with PCI patients without depression,PCI patients with depression showed the increased odds ratio (2.55,95％ CI:1.05 ～ 6.17,P=0.039) for 1-year mortality by multivariable Logistic regression analysis.Conclusions Depression is an independent predictor for mortality in elderly patients undergoing PCI.