This study aimed to identify the related substances of phloroglucinol injection by two-dimensional liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-LC-Q-TOF/MS). The first-dimensional separation was carried out on an HSS T3 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column by gradient elution using 1.36 g·L^-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution (pH adjusted to 3.0 with diluted phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The separated components were then trapped in switch valve tube lines respectively and delivered to the second-dimensional desalting gradient elution which was performed with a BDS C18 (100 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.4 μm) column using 0.1% formic acid and methanol as the mobile phases. After rapid desalting, electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry was used for determining the accurate masses and elemental compositions of the parents and their product ions for both phloroglucinol and its related substance. Structures of the related substances were then figured out by mass spectrometry elucidation, organic reaction mechanism analysis, and/or comparison with reference substances. Under the established analytical conditions, phloroglucinol and its related substances were adequately separated, 17 main related substances were detected and identified in the injection and its stressed samples for the first time. The identification results can provide reference for the quality control of phloroglucinol injection.

Objective To evaluate the automatic synthesis of 18F-labeled cyclic RGD peptide c(RGDyK)and its biological distribution in the tumor-bearing mice. Methods N-succinimidyl-4-18 F-fluorobenzoate (18F-SFB) was automatically synthesized and then re-dissolved in acetonitrile (MeCN). The cyclic RGD peptide c(RGDyK) was mixed with an hydrous DMSO and N, N-diisopropyl ethylamine (DIPEA). 18F-FBRGD was obtained by the reaction of peptide solution with 18 F-SFB. The final product was purified by HPLC gradient separation system and solid-phase extraction method. The biodistribution study and competition test of N-4-18F- fluorobenzoyl-RGD (18F-FB-RGD) in the tumor-bearing mice was performed. Results The labeling yield of 18 F-FB-RGD was (33.6 ± 3.5)%. The synthesis time was 110 min. The radiochemical purity was more than 98%. The tumor uptake of 18F-FB-RGD was (3.43 ±0.15), (2.61 ±0.14), (2.11 ±0.13), and (1.79 ±0.18) %ID/g, respectively, at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after injection. The ratio of tumor to muscle activity ranged from 4.26 ±0.69 to 5.80 ±0.78. The tumor uptake decreased dramatically after RGD blockage. The uptake was (0.46 ±0.21) %ID/g and (2.87 ±0.59) %ID/g in the blocked and unblocked mice, respectively, at 60 min after blockage. Conclusions 18 F-FB-RGD can be automatically synthesized and it may become a promising tumor imaging agent.

Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) is an important metabolism regulator, however, whether FGF-21 has effects on cardiovascular remains unclear. In this study, H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cells was used as a cell model, the anti-apoptosis potential and mechanism of FGF-21 against oxidative injury were evaluated by MTT assay, flow cytometry assay and real-time PCR. The results showed that FGF-21 could increase the cell survival of H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cells and prevent H9c2 cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, FGF-21 can elevate SOD activity and regulate Bcl-2/Bax expression in H9c2 cells. The results suggest that FGF-21 have protective effect against the H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; pharmacology ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; toxicity ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the modulation effect of Naomaitong on gelatinase system after cerebral ische-Focal cerebral I/R rat model was duplicated by method of the intralumimia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

METHODnal filament technique. Rats were randomly divided into the sham-operative group, the model group, the Naomaitong group and the Nimodipine group, the latter three groups were also divided into the 3 hrs after ischemia group, and 6 hrs, 12 hrs, 24 hrs, 3 d, 6 d after IR groups. Immunohistochemical method and zymogram analysis method, etc. were adopted to observe the change of microvessel structure, gelatinase and its inhibitor expression.

RESULTSMMP-2 (IR 24 h-6 d)and MMP-9 (I/R 12 h-3 d) expression levels could be lowered and TIMP-1 expression level (IR 24 h-6 d) improved by Naomaitong. Besides, comparison of MMP-2 and MMP-9 content in zymogram analysis in each group showed that changes of its quantity were in accordance with the laws of immune expression.

CONCLUSIONThe protective effect of Naomaitong on cerebromicrovessel basement membrane injury in rats is related to its modulation on gelatinase system.

Animals ; Basement Membrane ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Brain Ischemia ; enzymology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gelatinases ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Microvessels ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; enzymology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils middle and micro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, B from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong were determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTAll the micro elements (except Ca, Mg) of interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were significantly higher than those of new soil. All the middle and micro elements (except B) of interval 5 years soil were significantly higher than those of the continuous cropping soil. Planting patterns had remarkable influence on the content of Mn, Cu, B, but not Zn Ca, Mg. Cu, Ca under the 3 planting patterns, and Zn under the continuous cropping pattern did not show significant quarter changes. B content increased with the elongation of implantation time. Zn in new soil and interval 5 years also increased with prolonging of planted time. Mg, Mn and Cu content reached to peak value on April next year, and reached to minimum on the end of this experiment. Compared with new soil, the proportion of Mn, Cu in total elements increased by 29%, 114%, Mg, B decreased by 18%, 38%, Zn and Ca changed slightly of interval 5 years soils; In continuous cropping soil, Mn, Cu and B increased by 50%, 120%, 22%, respectively, but Zn, Ca, Mg had no significant change.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern could not induce the deficient of soil middle and micro elements, and thereafter might not result in continuous cropping obstacles. But the imbalance proportional of soil middle and micro elements in P. notoginseng plant soils may be one of the main reasons for continuous cropping obstacles.

China ; Kinetics ; Panax notoginseng ; growth & development ; Soil ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Trace Elements ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different interval year on Panax notoginseng plant soils macro element content.

METHODThe dynamic change of total N, P, K and available N, P, K in soil from Mabai, Matang, Gumu and Panlong was determined under different planting patterns (new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil).

RESULTContents order of soil total N, P and available N, P were interval 5 years soil > continuous cropping soil > new soil. No significant quarter change on soil total N was found, but the other three showed inverted "v" curve, and the peak value appeared on April 2010. Content of soil total K did not change significantly, but the available K content order was new soil > continuous cropping soil > interval 5 years soil, the quarter change was similar as soil available N or P. The soil total N, P, K and available N, P, K were different of the 4 monitoring sites under the 3 interval planting modes. There was a significant correlation between soil total P and available P under all these 3 interval planting modes, but N and K. The propitiation of N-P-K of new soil, interval 5 years soil and continuous cropping soil were 1: 0.4: 2.4, 1: 0.4:1.4, 1:0. 4:2.0, respectively.

CONCLUSIONContinuous cropping pattern induce the accumulation of P, but deficient of K. The imbalance proportion of N, P and K was one of the incentives of continuous cropping induced obstacles. Strengthen the research of optimum proportion of soil N, P and K, and then eliminate continuous cropping obstacles by means of formulated fertilization is the future research direction.

Agriculture ; methods ; Breeding ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fertilizers ; analysis ; Nitrogen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Phosphorus ; analysis ; metabolism ; Potassium ; analysis ; metabolism ; Quality Control ; Soil ; chemistry

PURPOSE: To investigate the distribution of CD44+/CD24- cells in breast cancers in relation to tumor size before and after the administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: CD44+/CD24- tumor cells obtained from breast cancer specimens were characterized in vivo and in vitro using tumor formation assays and mammosphere generation assays, respectively. The distribution of CD44+/CD24- tumor cells in 78 breast cancer specimens following administration of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was also evaluated using immunofluorescence assays, and this distribution was compared with the extent of tumor invasion predicted by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST). RESULTS: In 27/78 cases, complete remission (CR) was identified using RECIST. However, 18 of these CR cases were associated with a scattered distribution of tumor stem cells in the outline of the original tumor prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 24 cases involved cancer cells that were confined to the tumor outline, and 21 cases had tumor cells or tumor stem cells overlapping the tumor outline. In addition, there were 6 patients who were insensitive to chemotherapy, and in these cases, both cancer cells and stem cells were detected outside the contours of the tumor volume imaged prior to chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: CD44+/CD24- tumor cells may be an additional parameter to evaluate when determining the extent of breast cancer invasion.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Stem Cells ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo study the correlation between the severity of psychic symptoms and that of clinical ones in CP patients.

METHODSWe investigated 300 CP patients with NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (CPSI), Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and a self-designed questionnaire, and analyzed the correlation between the scores. Based on the scores on pain and urinary symptoms in CPSI, the patients were divided into a mild, a moderate and a severe group.

RESULTSA total of 288 questionnaires were collected. Compared with normal males, the SCL-90 scores of the CP patients were not different in obsessive-compulsive (P > 0.05), lower in interpersonal-sensitivity (P < 0.01), higher in paranoid ideation (P < 0.05) and significantly higher in other factors and the number of positive factors (P < 0.01). There were no statistical differences among the mild, moderate and severe groups either in somatization and interpersonal-sensitivity (P > 0.05) or in phobic anxiety (P > 0.05), but there were between the mild and moderate groups in phobic anxiety (P < 0.05) and significantly among the three groups in other factors and the number of positive factors (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). No correlation was found between CPSI and SCL-90 in the total scores.

CONCLUSIONThere was a close correlation between the severity of psychic symptoms and that of clinical symptoms in CP patients. Psychotherapy, especially psychological intervention, plays an important role in the early stage of the disease.

Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

AIMTo study the mechanism of protective effect of GABA against hypoxic injury in rat hippocampal slices.

METHODSThe hippocampal slices from adult rats and extracellular recording technique were used to observe the effect of GABA on the evoked population spikes in rat hippocampal slices after hypoxia in vitro.

RESULTSGABA can significantly delay the disappearance of PV, but have no effect on PS. When the receptor antagonist of GABA (bicuculline) and the inhibitor of Cl- channel (NPPB) were given, the protect effect could be suppressed.

CONCLUSIONGABA increases hypoxic tolerance of hippocampal slices. The mechanism of the effect of GABA may be involved in the elevation of chloride influx through GABA receptor.

Animals ; Chloride Channels ; physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Hippocampus ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo discuss the method and effects of treatment of minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) through anterior approach for the treatment of humerus shaft fractures.

METHODS2006.1 to 2007.10,15 patients with humerus shaft fractures were treated with MIPO through anterior approach. There were 11 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 16 to 59 years, with an average of 35 years old. The duration of the disease was 7.5 days on average (5 to 10 days). Six patients had Type A fractures, 8 Type B, and 1 Type C according to AO classification. The AO LC-DCP with diameter of 4.5 mm was chosen in the operation. The patients were physically examined preoperatively and postoperatively, the range of motion of shoulder and elbow joint was observed, and the joint function was included.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for a period ranging from 5 to 18 months,averaged 10 months. In terms of Gill ipsilateral total shoulder and elbow arthroplasties, 12 patients got an excellent result (> or = 80 scores), 3 good (between the scores of 66 and 79). The Gill score increased from preoperative (59.33 +/- 8.21) to postoperative (84.67 +/- 5.81). Fractures were healed after 2 to 3 months after operation, and patients resumed daily life without the complications of nervous lesion, incision infection, internal fixation failure and nonunion of fracture etc.

CONCLUSIONIt is feasible for the treatment of humerus shaft fracture using MIPO through anterior approach,to avoid radial nerve injury and to prompt fracture union.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Radiography ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult