Clinical data of 595 patients of stroke admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning were analyzed retrospectively, 310 (52. 1% ) of them with strokeassociated pneumonia (SAP). Early-onset pneumonia occurred in 225 patients (72.6%), and late-onset pneumonia in 85 (27.4%). Patients with length of hospital-stay equal to or more than two weeks accounted for (113 cases) 50. 3% of those with early-onset pneumonia, whereas patients with length of hospital-stay less than one week (60 cases) accounted for 70. 6% of those with late-onset pneumonia. Age above 65 years ( OR = 1. 037 ), diabetes ( OR = 1. 724), Glasgow coma scores equal to or less than eight ( OR = 0. 098 ),nasal feeding ( OR = 6. 640 ), administration of gastric mucosal protective drugs ( OR = 3. 581 ) and antibiotic prophylaxis ( OR = 2. 433) all were risk factors for SAP.

Objective To investigate the effects of silymarin on expressions of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in the kidneys of rats with unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis.Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group(n=24),operated group(n=24) and silymarin treated group(n=24).Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via UUO.Silymarin was given by gavage with 30 mg/(kg?d) in silymarin treated group,and the same volume normal saline was given by gavage in operated group and sham-operated group.In each group,8 rats were killed at 7,14 and 21 d after operation.Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitial injury under microscope.The expressions of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in renal tissue were determined with immunohistochemical method.Results Tubuloin-terstitial injury scores in operated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.168?0.108,1.776?0.064 and 2.301?0.157,respectively,and Tubulointerstitial injury scores in the treated group at 7,14 and 21 d were 1.043?0.114,1.677?0.083 and 2.084?0.201,respectively.Tubulointerstitial injury scores in silymarin treated group were significantly lower than those in operated group(Pa

Objective To study the function of the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) signaling pathway in the synthesis and secretion of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells of rats with COPD. Methods The primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of rats with COPD were digested, separated and purified. Then they were randomly divided into control group, LPS group, TLR4 inhibitor group (TAK242) and LPS + TLR4 inhibitor group. RT-PCR, Western blot were used to detect the expression level of TLR-4 and NF-κB among groups. The levels of IFN-γ and PDGF-AB in supernatant with PASMCs in each group were detected by ELISA. Results LPS increased the expression of TLR-4、 NF-κB and the levels of IFN-γ and PDGF-AB. The expression of TLR4, NF-κB and the levels of IFN-γ and PDGF-AB were significantly reduced after inhibiting the expression of TLR4(P < 0.05). Conclusion TLR-4 signaling pathway involved in the inflammatory response and pulmonary vascular remodeling which increased the synthesis and secretion of IFN-γ and PDGF-AB in PASMCs. It provides a theoretical approach for the early intervention of clinical with COPD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate surgical methods and effects of unstable scapular fracture.

METHODSFrom October 2008 to August 2011, 14 patients with unstable scapular fracture were treated. There were 12 males and 2 females with an average age of 38.7 years (ranging, 21 to 55 years).The time from injury to hospitalization was 1 hour to 10 days (mean 3 days). Among patients,3 patients had scapular body fracture,4 patients had scapular neck and body fracture,4 patients had scapular neck and acromion fracture,2 patients had glenoid cavity and coracoid fracture, 1 patient with scapular spine and coracoid fracture. All patients were treated by operation, Hardegger classification system was applied to evaluate the function.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 2 to 36 months (mean 12.4 months). The healing time ranged from 6 to 8 weeks. No infection and internal fixation failure occurred. The effect result of Hardegger scoring system was excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases, fair in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONSurgical treatment for unstable scapular fracture can reconstruct stability of shoulder joint, promote early rehabilitation of joint function, and maximally restore shoulder function.

Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Recovery of Function ; Scapula ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND:Hydrolysis in vivo is the key mechanism of degradation in DL-polylactic acid (PDLLA). When it is combined with hydroxyapatite (HA), could the biodegradation and weight loss rate be improved? OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in the interface and structure of HA/PDLLA composite after in vivo implantation into rabbit femoral defects.DESIGN: Randomized grouping and controlled observation.SETTING: Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology.MATERIALS: Forty healthy adult Japan White Rabbits of 2.0-2.5 kg, either male or female were provided by the Animal Experimental Center of Hubei Province (No. SCXK. 2003-0005).METHODS: The experiment was conducted in Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology from June 2005 to March 2006. ①The rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: HA/PDLLA group and PDLLA control group with 20 animals in each group. After anesthetized with ketamine and proazamine, the sample rods of HA/PDLLA and PDLLA were respectively implanted into the drilled bone cavities (φ5 mm × 8 mm) among condyles of femur sites of the rabbits, and the rod could be slightly higher than the surface of bone substance. The samples were covered by periosteum and skin, and then the skin and periosteum were repositioned. ②The complete implants and peripheral bone tissues were taken out respectively after 3, 6, 12 and 24 weeks implantation. The changes in the interface and structure of HA/PDLLA composite after in vivo implantation were observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-5610LV, Japan).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in the interface and structure of HA/PDLLA composite after in vivo implantation.RESULTS: Totally 40 rabbits were involved in the result analysis. After the materials were implanted, HA granules shed from the material surface, some fibroblasts grew into the tissue and a little new osteotylus was formed, indicating HA/PDLLA composite had capabilities of bone-formation and bone-connection. After 24 weeks implantation, the material was divided and wrapped by tissues, neogenetic bone tissue grew into the material, and the fracture healed well,indicating HA/PDLLA composite had good biocompatibility. As for biodegradable PDLLA polymer, hydrolysis in vivo is the most main mechanism of degradation; the degradation speed was decreased owing to being compounded with HA.CONCLUSION: HA/PDLLA composite has capabilities of bone-formation and bone-connection; the biocompatibility of the composite is improved accordingly on account of the decrease of the degradation speed. HA/PDLLA composite is suitable for clinical application as absorbable materials for internal fixation.

With the rapid development of turfgrass industry in our country,more and more attentions are paid to the genetic breeding of turfgrass. Biotechnology has great application potential in varietals improvement of tall fescue,which is commonly grown as cool-season turf grass in the temperate region. The establishment of tall fescue regeneration and genetic transformation systems was summarized. Meanwhile,the historical and present situations of tall fescue breeding are introduced. The part of tall fescue regeneration was expounded from different explants and approaches. While,the part of genetic transformations was expounded from different means. At last,problems and prospects of genetic transformation of tall fescue are discussed.

0.05). ConclusionsTwo methods of fibero tomy do not effect on the periodontal tissues. The PSP is more excellent than t he MSF in preventing the corrected teeth from relapsing and keeping the aest hetic feeling of the gingival shape.

Objective To establish a quality standard for Tibetan medicineRuyi-Zhenbao pill. Methods Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was applied to identify 12 Tibetan medicinal materials, and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to determine the contents of gallic acid, dehydrodiisoeugenol, piperine, and cinnamaldehyde.Results The identified characteristics of TLC were distinct and the spots were clear. Linearity of gallic acid, dehydrodiisoeugenol, piperine, and cinnamaldehyde were in the range of 0.106-0.901μg, 0.033-0.281μg, 0.007-0.060μg, and 0.021-0.178μg, respectively. Average recovery was in the range of 98.47%-101.65% (RSD<3.0%).Conclusions The method of identification and content determination was good in terms of specificity, accuracy and repeatability, and can be used for quality control ofRuyi-Zhenbaopill.

Background Congenital aniridia is a rare congenital autosomal dominant disease,which is shown as aniridia of double eyes,and the paired box gene 6 (Pax6) gene mutation is now known to be associated with congenital aniridia.Objective This study was to screen the Pax6 gene mutation in patients with congenital aniridia.Methods Eleven patients with congenital aniridia were enrolled in Tianjin Eye Hospital from August 2012 to October 2015,including 6 patients from 3 congenital aniridia family and 5 sporadic patients.All patients received routine ophthalmic examination.Peripheral venous blood of 3 ml was collected from the patients for DNA extraction according to the standard process of DNA isolation instructions,and all the exons of Pax6 gene,Elp4 gene,exon 5 ' and 3',intron splice sequence and SIMO sequence were amplified by PCR.Pax6 genes of the patients were sequenced using Sanger direct sequencing and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and compared with those of 500 ocular trauma patients.This study complied with Helsinki declaration,and written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination.Results Iris absence was found in all the patients,and the visions acuity was hand motion to 0.2.Lens dislocation was seen in 1 patient.Direct sequencing results found that three patients in AN-O1 family were c.688g＞t (p.E230X) mutation of Pax6 gene,and 3 of 5 sporadic patients carried c.468g＞a (p.W156X),c.613c＞t (p.Q205X) and c.141 +2t＞c mutant of Pax6 gene,and the c.688g＞t (pE230X) mutation was a novel-discovered mutation.No any mutation in Pax6,Elp4 gene and SIMO fragment was detected in 1 patient from AN-02 family,2 patients from AN-03 family and 2 sporadic patients by both direct sequencing and MLPA validation.No above-mentioned mutation was found in 500 normal individuals.Conclusions The mutation of Pax6 gene is a pathogenic mutation in congenital aniridia patients,and c.688g＞t (p.E230X) is a novel Pax6 mutant,which expanded the mutation spectrum of Pax6 gene.

Background Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a hereditary disease of pigment absence in eyes,skin and hair due to the lack of congenital melanocyte.OCA is classified into 7 types based on different genetic mutations,and the mutation of tyrosinase (TYR) gene causes OCA type 1 (OCA1).OCA has obvious genetic heterogeneity and phenotypic heterogeneity.The molecular diagnosis of the mutant gene is helpful for the classification and molecular pathogenesis study of OCA.Objective This study was to screen the TYR mutation in OCA patients,and to analyze the association between the gene mutation type and clinical phenotype.Methods Ten patients with OCA were enrolled in Tianjin Ophthalmological Hospital from January 2011 to December 2014.The clinical and ocular manifestations of the patients were examined.Peripheral venous blood 3 ml was collected in the patients and their lineal relatives for the extraction of genomic DNA.Extracted DNA was amplified by PCR and the TYR gene sequence was analyzed,including all 5 exon coding sequence and exon 5 ' and 3' end and the non-coding region sequence of intron splicing in TYR gene.This study complied with Helsinki Declaration and the protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital.Informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results All the patients showed white or reddish hair and snow-white skin,and different degrees of pigment lack was seen in iris.The best corrected visual acuity of the patients was 0.05-0.2,and 3 patients complicated with nystagmus.Fundus findings showed a sunset-like change and dysplasia of macula.The TYR gene sequencing revealed that patient 1 was OCA1A subtype,with the compound heterozygous mutant of c.832C＞T (p.R278X) and c.1217C＞T (p.P406L),and his/her parents occurred the heterozygous mutation of exons P406L and R278X.The phenotype of the patient 1 was white hair and white iris.The patient 3 was OCA1B subtype,with the compound heterozygous mutations of c.1265G＞A (p.R422Q) and c.1217C＞T (p.P406L),showing an appearance of reddish brown hair and sallow iris.TYR gene mutant was not detected in other 8 patients.Conclusions The mutation of TYR gene is the main cause of OCA1 type.The phenotype of OCA1A subtype is no pigment in eyes and hair,and one of OCA1B subtype was obviously lessening of pigment.The difference of mutant genes of OCA is the cause of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity.