The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the microstructural properties and mineralization quality of mesiodens with permanent and primary central incisors.Fifteen mesiodens, permanent and primary central incisors were collected. The enamel rod diameter and enamel thickness were observed and measured using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Chemical composition of the enamel was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The measurements were then assessed using the one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.There was no statistically significant difference in the enamel rod diameter between mesiodens and permanent central incisors. However, enamel rods of primary central incisors were smaller than remaining two groups. The thickness of enamel was thick in order of permanent central incisors, mesiodens, primary central incisors. In the composition analysis using EDS, there was no difference in the Ca/P ratio and Ca/C ratio between mesiodens and permanent central incisors, but small in primary central incisors.In conclusion, the microstructural properties of mesiodens were more similar to those of permanent central incisors compared to primary central incisors. Futher, the mineralization quality of mesiodens did not differ significantly from that of permanent central incisors.
Dental Enamel ; Incisor ; Miners

These radiologic studies were carried out on 265 cases of silicosis which were diagnosed clinically atindustrial Accident Hospital affiliated with Catholic Medical Collage, suring the period of 3 years from 1974 to1976. 265 cases of silicosis consisted of 96 cases (35%) of coal miner, 91 cases (34%) of coal choicer and 82cases (31%) of others. The average age was 42.2 years and average working period was 9.2years. Qualitative andquantitative features in the analysis of roentgen findings were based on UICC/Cincinnati and KLO classification.The qualitative features showed 26% of "p" opacity, 46% of "q" opacity 4% of "r" opacity as rounded profusion and5% of "s" opacity, 11% of "t" opacity, 2% of "u" opacity as irregular profusion of small opacities.Large opacitiesshowed 3% of group A, 2% of group B and 1% of group C. Quantitative features revealed 25% of Type 1, 54% of Type2, 16% of Type 3 and 5% of Type 4. The qualitative and quantitative features showed significant differences as ageand working period increased with age and working period. Major complications were pulmonary emphysema,tuberculosis and pleural abnormalities.
Coal ; Miners ; Silicosis

No abstract available.
Child* ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Miners*

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of CGM on osteogenic differentiation of cultured osteoblasts, and determined whether combination treatment with LLLT had synergistic effects on osteogenic differentiation. The results indicated that CGM promoted proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts at the threshold concentration of 10 µg/ml; whereas, CGM showed cytotoxic properties at concentrations above 100 µg/ml. ALP activity and mineralization were increased at concentrations above 10 µg/ml. CGM in concentrations up to 10 µg/ml also increased the expression of osteoblast-activated factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix. The CGM (50 µg/ml) and LLLT (80 mW for 15 sec) combination treatment group showed the highest proliferation levels, ALP activity, and mineralization ratios. The combination treatment also increased the levels of phosphorylated forms of p38, ATF2, PKD, ERK, and JNK. In addition, the osteoblast differentiation factors including type I collagen, BMP-2, RUNX2, and Osterix protein levels were clearly increased in the combination treatment group. These results suggested that the combination treatment of CGM and LLLT has synergistic effects on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cells.
Collagen Type I ; Gingiva* ; Low-Level Light Therapy* ; Miners ; Osteoblasts*

BACKGROUND: A variety of agents have been used to treat female pattern hair loss (FPHL), including topical minoxidil, topical 17α-estradiol, oral anti-androgen agents, and mineral supplements. Compared with these single agent regimens, combination therapies could be a better therapeutic option in expectation of superior treatment outcome. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the efficacy of a combination therapy consisting of topical 0.025% 17α-estradiol and 3% minoxidil in Korean patients with FPHL. METHODS: Therapeutic efficacy was evaluated in 34 women who applied topical 0.025% 17α-estradiol and 3% minoxidil once daily for more than 6 months. Phototrichogram analysis was performed before and after therapy. The efficacy was evaluated with respect to total hair count, hair caliber (as assessed by phototrichogram analysis), and photographic assessment. RESULTS: Total hair count and hair caliber both increased from baseline to 6 months in patients treated with the combination therapy of topical 0.025% 17α-estradiol and 3% minoxidil (p<0.001). Photographic assessment also revealed significant disease improvement, thus supporting the therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSION: A combination therapy consisting of topical 0.025% 17α-estradiol and 3% minoxidil can be tried as an effective treatment for FPHL.
Alopecia ; Female* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Miners ; Minoxidil* ; Retrospective Studies* ; Treatment Outcome

Eleven cohorts of miners occupationally exposed to relatively high concentrations of radon showed a statistically significantly high risk of lung cancer, while three cohorts from the general population showed a relatively low concentration, but the results were not statistically significant. However, the risk of lung cancer tended to increase with increased radon exposure. The risk is likely to have been underestimated due to low statistical power. Therefore, additional well-designed studies on the risk of lung cancer in nonsmokers in the general population with relatively low concentrations of radon exposure are needed in the future. In addition, country-specific preventive policies are needed in order to actively reduce radon exposure and lung cancer incidence in nonsmokers.
Cohort Studies* ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Miners ; Occupations ; Radon*

Arthroscopy ; Humans ; Miners ; Oil and Gas Fields ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; surgery

The purpose of this study was to assess the correlation between integrated mineral loss (volume % mineral×µm, ΔZ(TMR)) determined using transverse microradiography (TMR) and integrated reflectivity (dB×µm, ΔR(OCT)) determined using optical coherence tomography (OCT) for detecting early dental caries with lesion depth more than 200 µm. Sixty tooth specimens were made from sound bovine teeth. They were immersed in a demineralized solution for 20, 30, and 40 days. The ΔR(OCT) was obtained from the cross-sectional OCT image. The ΔZ(TMR) was obtained from the TMR image. The correlation between ΔR(OCT) and ΔZ(TMR) was examined using Pearson correlation. The Bland-Altman plot was constructed using the ΔR(OCT) and ΔZ(TMR) values. A significant correlation between ΔR(OCT) and ΔZ(TMR) was confirmed (r=0.491, p=0.003). Moreover, most of the difference between ΔR(OCT) and ΔZ(TMR) was included in the error section of the Bland-Altman plot. Therefore, OCT could be used as a substitute for TMR when analyzing mineral loss in early dental caries.
Dental Caries* ; Microradiography ; Miners ; Tomography, Optical Coherence* ; Tooth

For determination of reliability and clinical applicability of spinal mineral content assessed by quantitativeCT, the basic experiment was undertaken to assure the correlation of CT numbers of calibration material withinphantom and human vertebral specimen. And the analytical study of mineral contents assessed by whole body CT in 208 normal persons was performed at Pusan Natinal University Hospital for these last two years. The resultsobtained were summarized as follows: 1. The concentration of solution of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate had a highcorrelation with CT number with correlatin coefficient of 0.99. 2. in experimental study, the method fordetermining the mid-vertebral line in lateral scout view showed the precision of 1.4%(coefficient of variation).3. Short term precision test for mineral content of spine specimens showed 1.9%(coefficient of variation) and longterm precision test showed 2.4%(coefficient of variation). 4. Mean mineral content of lumber spines in normal malewas 139.0±35.70mg K2,HPO4/cm3, and the highest value was 167.3±22.96mg K2 HPO4/cm3 in the age range of 20–29years. With increasing age, there was a gradual loss of mineral. so that by age 70 the mineral content was reducedto 85.2±19.95mg K2 HPO4/cm3. 5. Mean minearal content of lumbar spines in normal female was 128.7±41.87mg k2HPO4/cm3. the highest value was 169.5±20.46mg/ K2 HPO4.cm3 in second decade. There was gradual decrease inmineral content to 62.2±25.45mg K2 HPO4/cm3 by 70 years of age. 6. From 40's of age the average mineal content ofspine was decreased by 70's, the mineral content in normal women was reduced by 62%, and that in normal men by 47%. 7. After 40's in women, the mineral content of spine was markedly reduced, and the level of mineral contentin women was lower than in men.
Busan ; Calibration ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen ; Male ; Methods ; Miners ; Spine

We reviewed the chemical/physical properties, toxicity, environmental fate, and ecotoxicity of strong acids in soil and groundwater environments. We recommend that sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid be classified as chemicals of priority control based on volumes used, toxicity, carcinogenicity, and past significant spill events. Understanding the behavior and transport of spilled strong acids in soil and groundwater environments requires a multi-disciplinary approach, as they can undergo a variety of geochemical and biochemical reactions with complex geomedia. The toxicity of spilled acid is dependent on the characteristics of the geomedia exposed to the acid and the amount of residual protons following acid–substrate interaction. Soil texture, cation exchange capacity, mineral composition, bedrock type, and aluminum content may be important factors affecting the toxicity of spilled acid in soil-groundwater environments. We expect that the results of this study will contribute preliminary data for future research on chemical spills.
Aluminum ; Groundwater* ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Miners ; Protons ; Soil* ; Sulfur