In recent years,with the development of neuroimaging and the progress in related clinical studies,people have had a better understanding of posterior circulation ischemia.This article reviews the progress in the causes,mechanisms,clinical manifestations,diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of posterior circulation ischemia.

0.05). The median duration of survival was 11.5 months for TEP gr oup versus 8.5 months for EP group (P0.05,no statistical difference). The main toxicity wa s myelosuppression for the two groups.The incidence rate of Ⅲ～Ⅳ degree neutro p enia and thrombocytopenia was higher in the TEP group than that in the EP group( P

Objective　To observe the effect of losartan on urinary albumin excretion in streptozotocin diabetic rats.Methods　The following groups of rats were studied:normal control rats(NC),diabetic control rats (DC),diabetic rats treated with losartan 〔20mg/(kg*d)〕(DL) and diabetic rats treated with perindopril （2mg/(kg*d)〕(DP).Urinary albumin was observed at the 4th、8th、12th and 16th week.Results　Urinary albumin excretion of diabetic rats treated with losartan or perindopril were significantly lower than that of diabetic untreated group (P＜0.01).The effect was not different between losartan treated and perindopril treated rats.Conclusion　The results suggested that losartan can reduce urinary albumin excretion in diabetic rats.

Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; World Health Organization

Objective To observe the effects of blocking renin-angiotensin system with losartan or perindopril on renal angiotensinⅡand its type 1 receptor （AT1R） expression in STZ-induced （diabetic） rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group （NC） and （diabetic） group. Diabetes was induced by STZ （65 mg/kg） abdominal injection. Four weeks later, diabetic rats were further divided into 4 groups: diabetic rats treated with losartan (DL, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1),diabetic rats treated with perindopril (DP,2 mg·kg-1·d-1) and diabetic untreated control group（DC）. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and renal angiotensin （Ⅱ.）Expression of AT1R was detected by RT-PCR in each group before and after 12 week′s treatment. Results At the 4th week, renal AT1R expression decreased. At the 16th week, plasma angiotensinⅡ,renal angiotensinⅡand AT1R mRNA in diabetic untreated group were significantly higher than those in normal rats. （Renal） angiotensinⅡand AT1R in losartan or perindopril-treatmented group were significantly lower than those in DC group. Conclusion Intrarenal RAS is abnormal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renoprotective effects of losartan and perindopril may partly induced by inhibiting renal angiotensinⅡ and AT1R （expression.）

Objective To study the renal protective effect of perindopril in diabetic rats. Methods The following groups of rats were studied: normal control rats ,diabetic control rats and diabetic rats treated with perindopril (2mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) . After 4 weeks or 12 weeks treatment , alterations of renal ultrastructure were observed in each group, Urinary albumin excretion was observed every 4 weeks.Results Urinary albumin excretion of diabetic rats treated with perindopril were significantly lower than that of diabetic untreated group(P

Objective To investigate the effects of tropicamide and esculin-digitalisglycosides combination eye drops on low myopia of children (age ranging from 6 to 14). Methods Eighty children with 160 eyes of low myopia in the outpatient department of ophthalmology of our hospital were chose from July 2010 to April 2013, then the patients were equally divided into four groups:the control, esculin-digitalisglycosides eye drops,tropicamide,and tropicamide and esculin-digitalisglycosides combination groups. The naked vision and myopia correction of each group were compared before and after treatment for two weeks, and the treatment effects were compared among four groups. Results (1) The results showed there were no significant changes before and after treatment in the control, esculin-digitalisglycosides eye drops and tropicamide groups ( >0.05); (2) On the contrast, the tropicamide and esculin-digitalisglycosides combination have significantly improved naked vision and myopia correction after 2 weeks ( <0.05);(3) Prior to the treatment,there was no significant difference among four groups (<0.05);(4) After treatment,group under tropicamide and esculin- digitalisglycosides combined was statistical different from the other groups treated with other three eye drops ( <0.05);However, there was no statistical difference among groups in these three eyedrops. Conclusion Esculin-digitalisglycosides combined with tropicamide was the most effective treatment for low myopia of children.

Objective To explore the protective efficacy of antioxidants (vitamin E and Ginkgo biloba extract) on the peripheral nerve damages induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Methods Adult (2-month old) and infant SD rats (7-day old) were respectively treated with AEDs (phenytoin,or phenobarbital,or clonazepam) alone,or simultaneously with vitamin E or Ginkgo biloba extract for 4 weeks. All the rats were sacrificed,sciatic nerves and serum were collected. The sciatic nerves were analyzed by histologically for their pathological changes,and serum and homogenate of sciatic nerves were investigated for their total antioxidative capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity. Results Incidence of pathological abnormalities of teased fibers significantly reduced in all rats treated with AEDs and antioxidants (P

Objective To study the distribution of the G/A variant at position -30 of the glucokinase gene promoter in southern Chinese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and to investigate the association between different genotypes and indices of glucose metabolism. Methods Four hundred and fourty four unrelated Chinese subjects 〔aged (50.8?12.2)years〕 without diabetics were studied, among them 222 subjects with NGT and 222 with IGT. The G to A substitution at position -30 of the glucokinase promoter, resulting in the loss of a BsiHKA Ⅰ cut site, was detected after BsiHKA Ⅰ digestion of PCR amplified genomic DNA. Results Allele frequency of the A variant was 18.2% in NGT (similar to finding in native Japanese) and 19.8% in IGT subjects. Fasting plasma glucose level was significantly higher in subjects with the A allele (n=153; GA:AA=137:16), when compared to the GG subjects (n=291), 〔(5.35?0.59 vs 5.19?0.53) mmol/L, P=0.006〕. Higherfastingglucoselevelwasalsofound when only IGT subjects with the A variant and GG allele were analyzed 〔(5.54?0.58 vs 5.35?0.52) mmol/L, P=0.02〕. In subjects with NGT, there was no significant difference in fasting plasma glucose levels between different GCK genotypes. Conclusion GCK gene promoter -30 G/A variant is associated with higher fasting plasma glucose levels, and may contributes to the development of IGT in Southern Chinese.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) and its correlation with the 24 h microalbuminuria (mALB) in patients with small artery occlusion (SAO).Methods The patients with SAO were enrolled.CMBs were detected with susceptibility-weighted imaging.The demographic and clinical characteristics and 24 h mALB of the patients were compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for CMB in patients with SAO.Spearman correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between the 24 h mALB and the degree of CMBs.Results A total of 90 patients with SAO were enrolled and 35 patients (38.89％) had CMBs.CMBs mainly distributed in basal ganglia/thalamus and infratentorial (62％) regions.The Age (70.8 ± 5.4 vs.67.3 ± 8.1; t =2.461,P =0.016),proportion of hypertension (80.0％ vs.52.7％ ;x2 =6.851,P =0.009),and 24 h mALB levels (16.257 ± 6.031 mg/24 h vs.11.910 ±5.458 mg/24 h; t =3.536,P =0.001) in the CBM group were significantly higher than those in the non-CMB group.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the 24 h mALB and the severity of CMB in patients with SAO showed a significant positive correlation (rs =0.795,P =0.000).The higher the 24 h mALB level was,the more severe the CMB degree would be.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only 24 h mALB was the only independent risk factor for CMBs in patients with SAO (odds ratio,1.100,95％ confidence interval 1.031-1.176; P =0.002).Conclusions The 24 h mALB is an independent risk factor for CMB in patients with SAO.The 24 h mALB level is positively correlated with the severity of CMB,and it may be used as a marker for small vascular injury.