Objective To investigate the influence of intermittent catheterization methods on the urinarytract infection in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods Thirty-one cases of spinal cord injury and urinarytract infection were recruited. By use of intermittent catheterization, the bladder function was trained. Bacteria cul-ture and identification of in urine from the patients were conducted before the training (indwelling catheterization)and after 15 or 30 days of intermittent catheterization. Results The rates of urinary tract infection (colony count≥1?10~5cfu/ml) after 15 or 30 days of intermittent catheterization were 38. 7% and 35. 5%, respectively, whichwere significantly lower than those of indwelling catheterization (100%), P

Objective To explore the effect of Melatonin(MT) on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cell (CD4+CD25+Tr)and airway inflammation in asthmatic rat.Methods Thirty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,8 rats in each group.Asthmatic group:rats were immunized on day 1 and 7 by intraperitoneal inject of mixture of ovalbumin(OVA) and aluminumhydroxide.From day 14,the animals were allenged with aerosolized OVA for 20 min per day for 7 consecutive days.MT group:OVA-sensitized rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mg/kg MT 30 min before each OVA challenge.Dexamethasone group:OVA-sensitized rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mg/kg Dexamethasone 30 min before each OVA challenge.Control group:OVA for inhalation and MT for intraperitoneal injection was replaced with saline.After the last challenge,peripheral blood was stained to count the percentage of eosinophil(EOS).Then the rats were lavaged and total leukocytes counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were performed after staining with Wright-Giemsa staining.The EOS counts around the airway was counted after the histological section of lung staining with hematoxylin and eosin staining.The serum level of immunoglobulin E(IgE) was detected by immunoenhancement.The change of CD4+CD25+Tr was assessed with flow cytometry.SPSS 10.0 software was applied to analyze data. Results In asthmatic rats,the CD4+CD25+ Tr/ CD4+T cells ratio had significant negative relationship with the EOS counts around the airway and the total leukocytes counts in BALF (r=-0.73 P0.05).There was a significant decrease in the percentage of the eosinophils in peripheral blood,the eosinophil counts around the airway,the total leukocytes counts in BALF and the serum level of IgE in MT group compared with asthmatic group (Pa

Objective To observe the effects of ischemic postconditioning (IPTC) on myocardial infarction sizes (IS) and protein kinase Cα (PKCα) expression in aged rats with post-ischemia reperfusion injury,and to explore the mechanism.Methods A total of 120 male Wistar rats were divided into aged group and adult group.The aged group was randomly divided into control group (n=12,30-min ischemia and 3-h reperfusion),5 s,10 s,30 s and 60 s IPTC groups [n= 12,each;after 30 min occlusion of left coronary artery (LCA),three cycles of 5 s,10 s,30 s,60 s reperfusion respectively followed by the same interval LCA re-occlusion were applied at the beginning of reperfusion].The IS was measured with TTC dye,and PKC expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry.Results Different IPTC intervals had different effects on IS and PKC expression,10 s and 30 s IPTC could reduce IS both in aged rats and adult rats [(55.9±6.0)% and (47.4±5.5)%],IS in 10 s IPTC group in aged rats was (48.1±5.3)%,in adult rats was (39.2±5.7) %;IS in 30 s IPTC group in aged rats was (48.8 ± 6.8) %,in adult rats was (40.2 ± 6.1 ) %.PKCα expression increased in aged and adult rats (all P<0.05).5 s IPTC could increase IS [IS in 5 s IPTC group in aged rats was (63.5±5.4)%,and PKCα expression reduced in aged rats (all P<0.05)].Conclusions IPTC has cardio-protective effect in aged rats suffering from acute myocardial injury during reperfusion,the effect of IPTC is related to reperfusion-reocclusion interval.

Objective To evaluate a new system,Vitek 2 Compact,for antimicrobial susceptibility testing(AST)of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.Methods Eighty-nine clinical isolates of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,including 48 gram-negative strains and 41 gram-positive strains,and 66 reference strains kept in our laboratory,including 41 gram-negative strains and 25 gram-positive strains, were studied.The antimicrobial susceptibility of these strains were tested by Vitek 2 Compact with AST- GN09(for gram-negative bacteria),AST-P536(for Staphylococci),AST-P534(for Enterococci and S.agalactiae),and AST-P533(for S.pneumoniae)susceptibility cards.The Etest was used as the reference method for comparision.Thirty-two ESBL-producing strains assessed with the confirmatory tests for ESBLs of CLSI(16 strains of them had been confirmed by PCR amplified and sequencing)were detected for ESBLs by Vitek 2 Compact.Results According to the breakpoints of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI),for the 1 626 microorganism-antibiotic combinations,Vitek 2 Compact gave 90.83% strains with category agreement(CA),4.91% strains with very major errors(VME),2.09% strains with major errors (ME),6.40% minor errors(MIE).The AST for more than 90% of Enterobacteriaceae,nonfermenting bacteria,micrococci and streptococci were completed within 11h,13h,11h and 12h,respectively.The ESBLs tests for thirty-two strains by V-itek 2 Compact are all positive.Conclusions Vitek 2 Compact system can give rapid,reliable and reproducible result with high sensitivity and specificity in assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for clinically relevant gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria,and would become a powerful tool in clinical microbiology laboratory.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between combined muhigene detection and response to chemotherapy and prognosis in epithelial ovarian carcinomas(EOCS).Methods A total of 80 ovarian tissue samples taken from the surgical specimens of patients with EOCS of our hospital in the last two decades who had received chemotherapy "after surgery were paraffin-embedded.The samples were divided into 2 groups,good prognosis group(patients who survived more than 2 years,n=46)and poor prognosis group(patients who survived less than 2 years,n=34).The expression levels of ToPo-Ⅱ,Ki-67,MGMT, PCNA,p27,p53,pl6,P-gp,LRP,GST-?,bcl-2,C-myc,Fas,bax,MSH2,MRP and BCRP were investigated by the combination of tissue arrays and immunohistoehemical streptavidin-biotin peroxidase(SP) method in all samples.Data were analysed with SPSS 12.0 for windows.Results There were statistically significant differences in the positive expression levels of P-gp,BCRP,MGMT,MSH2,p27 and p16(62%, 50% and 50% in poor prognosis group vs 33%,28% and 28% respectively,P

Objective To evaluate a new system,Vitek 2 Compact,for identification of bacteria and yeasts.Methods 185 clinical isolates of Peking Union Medical College Hospital,including 69 gram- positive strains,66 gram-negative strains and 50 yeasts,and 50 reference strains in our laboratory,including 25 gram-positive and gram-negative strains respectively,were studied.All the strains were identified by Vitek 2 Compact with GP,GN or YST identification cards.The API method was used as the reference method.Results Among the 93 gram-positive strains,85 strains(91.40%)were correctly identified, including 5 low discrimination identified strains,and 8 strains(8.60%)were correctly identified to the genus level,but misidentified to the species level.About 90% of gram-positive strains were identified within 7 h.Out of 91 gram-negative strains,90 strains(98.90%)were correctly identified,with 5 low discrimination identified strains,only 1 strain(1.1%)was correctly identified to the genus level,but misidentified to the species level.Above 90% of Enterobacteriaceae were identified within 5 h,and over 90% of nonfermenting bacteria were identified within 10 h.In the 50 strains of yeasts,46 strains(92%) were correctly identified,including 8 low discrimination identified strains,and 4 strains(8%)were correctly identified to the genus level,but misidentified to the species level.In all the yeasts,45 strains (90%)were identified in 18.25 h,and another 5 strains(10%)were identified in 18.50 h.Conclusions As Vitek 2 Compact system can give us reliable identification results of clinically relevant bacteria and yeasts,together with its significant reduction of handling time,it will definitely become a powerful tool in clinical microbiology laboratory.

Objective To compare BACTEC Plus aerobic and anaerobic bottles with BacT/ALERT FA aerobic bottles and FN anaerobic bottles in the ability of detecting simulated bacteremia specimens.Methods The 202 pairs of specimens were composed of 5ml sterile blood and defined loads of microorganisms.112 pairs of specimens in them also contained defined doses of antibiotics to simulate the patients undertaking antibiotic therapy.Time-to-detect(TTD)and positive percentages were evaluated in four groups,including aerobic bottles detecting aerobic bacteria,anaerobic bottles detecting anaerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic bacteria,and aerobic bottles contained antibiotics detecting aerobic bacteria.Results The positive percentages of two kinds of aerobic bottles were both 100%.For the specimens with bacterial concentration of 10~2 and 10~3 CFU/ml,average TTDs of BACTEC Plus aerobic bottles[(13.69?3.74)h,(11.54?2.87)h]were faster than those of BacT/ALERT FA bottles [(16.76?5.62)h,(14.47?4.30)h;t=-5.674,-7.294,P

It is an important task to lab of clinical microbiology to surveille multi-drag or pan-drug resistant strains,such as penicillin-or macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),3rd generation cephalosporin-or quinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii,and so on.We must understand characteristics of these resistant strains to guide doctors' empirical therapy of infective diseases.

This experiment aimed to explore and research the process of preparing baicalein and wogonin through liquid fermentation with Bacillus natto. Active enzymes of produced by B. natto was used for the biological transformation of baclin and wogonoside, in order to increase the content of the haicalein and wogonin in the scutellaria. With the content of the baicalein and wogonin as evaluating indexes, the effects of carbon source, nitrogen source, the types and suitable concentration of inorganic salt, medium pH, granularities of medical materials, liquid volume in flask, shaking speed, liquid-to-solid ratio, fermentation time on the fermentation process were studied. The optimal process conditions for liquid fermentation of scutellaria were 1.0% of peptone, 0.05% of NaCl, pH at 6, the granularities of medical materials of the scutellaria screened through 40-mesh sifter, 33% of liquid, shaker incubator speed at 200 r x min(-1), liquid-to-solid ratio of 5:1, temperature at 37 degrees C, fermentation for 6 days, baclin's conversion rate at 97.6% and wogonoside's conversion rate at 97% in the scutellaria. According to the verification test, the process was stable and feasible, and could provide data reference for the industrial production.
Bacillus subtilis ; metabolism ; Biotransformation ; Fermentation ; Flavanones ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; metabolism ; Soy Foods ; microbiology

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