Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adenoma ; pathology ; Adnexal Diseases ; pathology ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; secondary ; Cystadenoma, Papillary ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; complications ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of rosiglitazone on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB) /the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs), and to investigate the mechanism of signal transduction of rosiglitazone in improving the endothelial function. METHODS: HUVECs were treated with various concentrations of rosiglitazone. The NO level was measured using Griess Reaction in cell culture supernatants; the expressions of PI3K-, PKB- and eNOS mRNA were measured using RT-PCR; and the expressions of PKB, eNOS, and phosphorylation of PKB-Ser473, eNOS-Ser1177 were measured using Western Blot. RESULTS: Rosiglitazone increased the endothelial NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured HUVECs, and also increased the expression of PI3K mRNA and the phosphorylation of PKB-Ser473 and eNOS-Ser1177 in a concentration-dependent manner, with no alteration in the expression of PKB and eNOS in cultured HUVECs. N(w)-nitro-L- arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, eNOS synthase inhibitor) blocked the rosiglitazone-induced NO formation; LY294002 (a PI3K inhibitor) prevented the NO production; and the phosphorylation of eNOS and PKB was induced by rosiglitazone. CONCLUSION Treatment with rosiglitazone can increase the NO production and improve the endothelial function through up-regulating the PI3K/PKB/eNOS signal pathways in cultured HUVECs.
Cells, Cultured ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rosiglitazone ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Thiazolidinediones ; pharmacology

0.05).Conclusions SNP of 2350G→A in ACE gene is associated with MI,AA genotype is probably a genetic marker of MI in Han nationality.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the change of carotid intima-media thickness (IMTc) and serum matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) levels in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients, and to analyze the relationship between MMP-9 and IMTc; at the same time, to assess the effect of rosiglitazone on IMTc and MMP-9 levels. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected in our study, and 25 healthy adults served as normal controls. Diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups: Group A (31 subjects) were treated with rosiglitazone (4 mg/d), and Group B (27 subjects) were treated with metformin alone (500 approximately 1,500 mg/d). They all received the treatment for 3 months. The IMTc was measured by high resolution ultrasonography, and the serum MMP-9 was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the relationship between IMTc and MMP-9. RESULTS: The mean level of serum IMTc and MMP-9 in Type 2 diabetic patients was significantly higher than that in healthy adults (P < 0.05). After treatment with rosiglitazone and metformin, IMTc and serum MMP-9 levels decreased significantly (P < 0.05). There was no obvious change in IMTc and serum MMP-9 levels in group B before and after the treatment (P = 0. 071, P = 0.065). Using multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, the significant correlation between IMTc and HbA1C, BMI, WHR, HDL-C, MMP-9 were discovered. CONCLUSION IMTc and MMP-9 levels increase in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that there is closely relationship between serume MMP-9 levels and early diabetic macrovascular disease. IMTc and MMP-9 can be reduced significantly in the newly diagnosed diabetic patients after being treated with rosiglitazone, which may be one of the protective mechanisms of vascular vessels.
Adult ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; blood ; Middle Aged ; Rosiglitazone ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Tunica Intima ; pathology ; Tunica Media ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of aortic endothelium-dependent vasodilation function (EDVR) and expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (PKB) in insulin-resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetic rats.

METHODSIR rat model was established by feeding 4-6 week-old male SD rats with high glucose and cholesterol diet for 6 weeks and type 2 diabetes (DM) were induced by intraperitoneal injection with low dose streptozotocin (STZ) to IR rats. Glucose infusion rate (GIR) was determined by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique, EDVR by acetylcholine (Ach)-induced vasodilation response in isolated aortic rings, aortic NO concentration by Griess Reaction, activation of eNOS detected by immunohistochemical SP method, mRNA expressions of eNOS-, PI3K- and PKB of aorta were assayed by RT-PCR, aorta ultrastructure observed by electron microscopy. Body weight, fast plasma glucose (FPG), insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (TC) were determined and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated.

RESULTS(1) Body weight, FINS, TG and TC levels were significantly higher while ISI and GIR significantly lower in IR and DM rats than that in normal control rats (P < 0.05). (2) Aorta EDVR decreased significantly in IR and DM group compared with that in control group (P < 0.05) and EDVR was also significantly reduced in DM rats than that in IR rats (P < 0.05). The maximum Ach-induced vasodilation response (EDVR(max), P < 0.01) was positively correlated with ISI and negatively correlated with FPG, TG, TC and FINS (P < 0.01). (3) Aortic NO concentration, the mRNA expressions of eNOS-, PI3K-, and PKB and eNOS immunohistochemical expression in aorta were significantly lower in IR and DM rats compared with normal control rats and the decrease was more pronounced in DM rats (P < 0.05 vs. IR). (4) Pathologic aortic ultrastructure changes were also visualized in IR and DM rats.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that reduced NO concentration and expression as well as reduced PI3K-, PKB-, and eNOS mRNA expressions might contributed to the reduced EDVR function and related pathological ultrastructure changes in IR and DM rats.

Animals ; Aorta ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilation

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tanshinone II A on the expression of epidermal growth facter (EGF) and epidermal growth facter recepter (EGFR) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.

METHODSThe human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells cultured in vitro was treated with different concentrations of Tanshinone II A. The proliferation of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptosis of the cells was investigated by flow cytometry and cytochemical staining with Hoechst 33342. The expression of EGF and EGFR was detected by immunocytochemistry method. The levels of EGF in medium were measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTTanshinone II A inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells remarkably in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory rate reached the peak (72.5%) after 0.5 microg/ml Tanshinone II A was used for 48 h, which was significantly higher than that in the controls (P<0.05). FCM analysis showed that when SMMC-7721 cells were treated with 0.5 microg/ml Tanshinone II A, the apoptosis rates for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were (4.06+/-0.27)%, (7.58+/-0.56)% and (5.23+/-0.13)%, respectively which were markedly higher than those in the controls (all P<0.01). SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis with cell shrinkage, nuclear chromatin concentration and fragmentation as well as the formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by cytochemical staining when treated with Tanshinone II A. The immunocytochemistry showed that the expressions of EGF and EGFR were down regulated while the concentration of Tanshinone II A was increasing. The high expression rates for EGF and EGFR were 10%, 20%, respectively, and the gray scale was 181.52+/-1.63, 179.37+/-1.59, which were markedly higher than those in the controls (all P<0.05). The levels of EGF in medium measured by radioimmunoassay were decreased significantly after Tanshinone II A treatment.

CONCLUSIONTanshinone II A can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, which may be related to the down-regulation of EGF and EGFR protein expression.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; therapy ; Skin ; innervation ; Upper Extremity ; innervation

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery is the main method for senile osteoporotic vertebral fractures, and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been rapidly popularized. As the conventional bilateral transpedicular puncture needs a longer operation time and higher costs, unilateral transpedicular puncture is gradually applied in clinic. However, the long-term clinical efficacy of unilateral and bilateral PKP remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of unilateral and bilateral PKP for osteoporotic vertebral fractures through a meta-analysis. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Engineering Village, Web of Science, Wiley, OVID, Google Scholar, WanFang, CNKI and VIP databases was performed for the randomized controlled trials of unilateral and bilateral PKP for osteoporotic vertebral fractures through meta-analysis. Date and language of studies were not limited. Two reviewers screened the retrieved studies in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was evaluated by a modified Jadad scale prior to the meta-analysis on Review Manager 5.2 software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Finally, 956 patients from 11 randomized controlled trials were included and divided into two groups,unilateral group (n=483) and bilateral group (n=473) (1:1). (2) The meta-analysis results showed that the operation time in the unilateral group was significantly better than that in the bilateral group (MD=-20.38, 95%CI(-24.10, -16.65), P < 0.000 01); the dose and duration of intraoperative radiation exposure to the patients in the unilateral group were less than those in the bilateral group; the bone cement used in the unilateral group was significantly less than that in the bilateral group (P < 0.000 01); the incidence of bone cement leakage in the unilateral group was less than that in the bilateral group (P=0.005); there were no significant differences in the Visual Analogue Scale scores, vertebral height restoration, Cobb angle of the fractured vertebra and re-fracture rate of the adjacent vertebrae between two groups during long-term follow-up. (3) Compared with bilateral PKP, unilateral PKP exhibits a shorter operation time, less intraoperative radiation exposure and a lower incidence of bone cement leakage in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures, so it is a safer surgical method.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and mechanism of renal benefit of simvastatin on diabetic rat kidneys. METHODS: Twenty STZ-induced SD rats and 10 normal rats were assigned to diabetic rat (DM) group, simvastatin [ 4 mg/( kg x d) ] treatment (S) group and normal control (C) group. Immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and western-blot were employed to examine the changes of the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-beta1 and Tbeta II R in the kidneys of the rats. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, both the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-beta1 and Tbeta II R in the diabetic rat group and treatment group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the diabetic rat group, simvastatin could markedly decrease the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-beta1 and Tbeta II R (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Simvastatim may play a protective role in the diabetic kidneys by down-regulating TGF-beta1 and Tbeta II R and inhibiting the TGF-beta signal pathway.
Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; prevention & control ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Kidney ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism ; Simvastatin ; pharmacology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To compare the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) among the newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the normal controls (NC) and to analyze relevant factors under different glucose levels. METHODS: The study included IGT (n=34), DM1 (n=52), DM2 (n=33) and NC (n=25). Levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting insulin (FINS), 2-hour postprandial insulin (PINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) were determined in all participants. High resolution ultrasound examining FMD was performed to measure vascular endothelial function subsequently. RESULTS: There was statistically significant difference between IGT, DM, HG and NC group in FMD (P=0.008). Partial correlation analysis found that a significant negative correlation existed between FMD and homeostasis model assessment-index (HOMA-IRI), difference of plasma glucose (DPG), FPG and PPG (P<0.01), and a negative correlation between FMD and HbA1C (P<0.05). Setting FMD as dependent variable to conduct multiple linear stepwise regression, in IGT group it was the waist/hip ratio (WHR) and HOMA-IRI that entered the regression equation; in DM1 group it was HOMA-IRI, PPG and DPG that entered the regression equation; in DM2 group it was FPG and HOMA-beta that entered the regression equation. CONCLUSION There exists a flow-mediated vasodilatation dysfunction in patients of newly diagnosed IGT and T2DM. Effect of relevant factors on FMD differs with different glucose levels.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; physiopathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose Intolerance ; blood ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged