OBJECTIVETo investigate the urodynamic features in patients of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with coexisting overactive bladder (OAB).

METHODSClinical data of 235 patients with symptomatic BPH who underwent urodynamic examination during January 2009 to May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into group of pure BPH, BPH with detrusor overactivity (DO), BPH with coexisting OAB without DO and BPH with coexisting OAB with DO. The difference of age, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-volume, maximum flow rate, residual urine volume, bladder volume of first sensation, bladder volume of strong sensation, bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) and the prevalence of decreased detrusor contractility were compared between these groups. The urodynamic characteristics of DO between group of BPH with DO and group of BPH coexisting OAB and DO were analyzed.

RESULTSA total of 219 cases were included in the final analysis, with mean age of (66 ± 8) years, mean TRUS-volume was (35 ± 24) ml, mean maximum flow rate was (11 ± 6) ml/s. Of the 219 patients, 93 patients (42.5%) had pure BPH, 11 patients (5.0%) had BPH with DO, 52 patients (23.7%) had BPH coexisting OAB without DO, 63 patients (28.8%) had BPH coexisting OAB and DO. Comparing to group of BPH (n = 104), patients with BPH and OAB (n = 115) were older, had higher IPSS, bigger TRUS-volume, less bladder volume of first sensation and strong sensation, higher BOOI and higher prevalence of decreased detrusor contractility. Comparing to group of BPH with coexisting OAB without DO patients, patients of BPH with coexisting OAB and DO had higher IPSS score (19 ± 12 vs 17 ± 10), bigger TRUS-volume [(51 ± 33) ml vs (43 ± 27) ml], higher BOOI (49 ± 18 vs 37 ± 14). Comparing to patients pure BPH, patients of BPH with DO had less bladder volume of first sensation and bladder volume of strong sensation [(82 ± 41) ml vs (118 ± 35) ml;(335 ± 67) ml vs (419 ± 53) ml]. Comparing to group of BPH with DO, patients of BPH with coexisting OAB and DO had higher maximum DO pressure [(45 ± 36) cmH2O vs (39 ± 30) cmH2O (1 cmH2O = 0.098 kPa)] and longer DO time [(7 ± 4) s vs (6 ± 4) s].

CONCLUSIONSThe urodynamic features in patients with BPH differ greatly and these information should be helpful in making choice of treatment and in predicting treatment outcomes.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications ; physiopathology ; Urodynamics

Adult ; Epithelioid Cells ; pathology ; Fatal Outcome ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Middle Aged ; Trophoblastic Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery

Objective:TThe aim of this study was to observe the changes of the volume and distribution of body fluid after abdominal surgery,and further to explore its characteristics and influence factors.Methods:Sixtyone patients were included between March and June in 2016.The volume of intracellular water (ICW),extracellular water (ECW) and total body water (TBW) was estimated by InbodyS 10 on preoperative day 1 (PreD 1) and postoperative day (POD) 1,3,5 and 7.Furthermore,the patients were grouped according to the age,sex,type of operation,operation time and the daily liquid input,and the influence factors of postoperative fluid volume were analyzed in each subgroup.Results:Comparing to that of PreD1,the ICW,ECW,and TBW,mainly ECW,were increased significantly on POD1 (P＜ 0.05),and the level of postoperative fluid volume was decreased to that of PreD1 between POD3 and POD7.It showed that there was difference in the net increasing of body fluid on POD1 between different type of the patients.Obviously,the net increasing of fluid volume in woman on POD 1 was more than that in man.The net increasing of fluid volume on POD1 was correlated with the operation time and net liquid input.Conclusion:The fluid retention was found in the early stage of postoperative patients,and mainly exists in ECW.The main influence factors resulting postoperative fluid retention were prolonged operation time and increased net fluid input.

BACKGROUNDPeople with metabolic syndrome are at higher risk for developing coronary artery disease (CAD). The effect of the metabolic syndrome on outcomes in patients with preexisting CAD has not been well studied. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, characteristics, in hospital and long term prognosis of CAD with metabolic syndrome and to determine the factors influencing the prognosis of the disease.

METHODSThe DESIRE registry contains data of 3696 patients with CAD between 2001 and 2004. Mean long term followup was (829 +/- 373) days. Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on modified International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Worldwide Definition of the Metabolic Syndrome, using body mass index (BMI) instead of waist circumference.

RESULTSOf 2596 patients with complete records of height, weight, and so on, 1280 (49.3%) were identified with metabolic syndrome. The patients with metabolic syndrome had higher level of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and disordered blood lipid (all P < 0.0001), with higher creatinine [(10.5 +/- 4.3) mg/L vs (9.9 +/- 2.9) mg/L, P < 0.0001] and the number of white blood cells [(7.49 +/- 2.86) x 10(9)/L vs (7.19 +/- 2.62) x 10(9)/L, P = 0.008) compared with those without metabolic syndrome. The patients with metabolic syndrome showed severer coronary angiographic alterations (left main artery and/or > or = 2-vessel) (73.6% vs 69.6%, P = 0.031). There were no significant differences of major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) or mortality in hospital between the two groups. During followup, the ratio of MACCE in CAD with metabolic syndrome patients increased significantly (11.8% vs 10.0%, P = 0.044). Fasting blood glucose (> or = 1000 mg/L) and triglyceride (TG, > or = 1500 mg/L) were responsible for most of the increased risk associated with the metabolic syndrome (adjusted OR 1.465, 95% CI 1.037 - 1.874, P = 0.032; OR 1.378, 95% CI 1.014 - 1.768, P = 0.044).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was very high in CAD patients. The metabolic syndrome confers a higher risk of long term MACCE in patients with CAD, and dysglycaemia and hypertriglycaemia appear to be responsible for most of the associated risk.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Coronary Artery Disease ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; complications ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Revascularization ; Prognosis

Vaccination is an effective way to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. As a needle-free transcutaneous immunization (NF-TCI) vaccination technology, microneedles (MNs), composed of multiple micro-needles orderly attached to a substrate, can overcome the problems of low immune efficiency, poor compliance and waste of resources that exists in the conventional vaccination by injection, thus becoming a research hotspot in biomedicine. The microneedle vaccine can directly break through the stratum corneum barrier of the skin without touching nerves and blood vessels in the dermis, and effectively delivers the vaccine to the immune cells in the skin tissue to initiate the immune response of the body, thus triggering strong humoral and cellular immune processes. Vaccine delivery via the MNs system possesses the advantages of high safety, satisfying immune effect and practical economy, and shows great prospect in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and antineoplastic therapy. This article reviews the development background of MNs in transcutaneous immunization, the types of vaccine delivery, the factors affecting the immune effect, the problems to be solved and development direction in the future.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of tea polyphenols and its mechanism in potassium dichromate(PD)-induced acute renal injury in mice. METHODS: The specific pathogen free weaned Kunming mice were divided into control group, model group and low-, middle-and high-dose tea polyphenols groups, with 12 mice in each group. Mice in the control group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution, and mice in other four groups were given PD solution with 4.275 mg/kg body weight every morning by intragastric administration. Then, mice in the control group and model group were given 0.9% sodium chloride solution in the afternoon, while mice in the low-, middle-and high-dose tea polyphenols groups were given 0.3 mL tea polyphenols solution with a dose of 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively by gavage, once a day for two consecutive weeks. The body mass of mice was weighed during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the mice were sacrificed. The kidneys were removed and weighed. The kidney organ coefficients were calculated. The levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum were determined by two-point method, the activities of catalase(CAT) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) in serum of mice were detected by colorimetry. The pathological change of kidney in mice was observed. RESULTS: The body weight of mice in the model group decreased(P<0.05), while the kidney mass, renal organ coefficient, serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine increased(all P<0.05), and the serum activities of CAT and GSH-Px decreased(all P<0.05) compared with the control group. The body weight of mice in the three tea polyphenols groups increased(all P<0.05), while the kidney mass, renal organ coefficient, urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in serum decreased(all P<0.05), and the activities of CAT and GSH-Px in serum increased with the increasing intervention dose of tea polyphenols(all P<0.05) compared with the model group. The change of acute renal injury was mainly caused by renal tubular injury in the model group. The pathological changes of renal tissue in the three tea polyphenols intervention groups were improved compared to that in the model group, and the improvement showed a dose-effect relationship with the intervention of tea polyphenols. CONCLUSION: Tea polyphenols have a protective effect on PD-induced acute renal injury with a dose-effect relationship. Its mechanism of action is related to the fact that tea polyphenols can reduce or reverse oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney.

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective: To explore the prevalence and risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey. From September 2017 to May 2018, a total of 10 926 rural residents aged ≥40 years were investigated in Chaoyang county, Lingyuan, Liaoyang county and Donggang city of Liaoning province. The investigation included questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of ischemic stroke. Results: The prevalence of ischemic stroke in the rural areas of Liaoning province was 5.51% (602/10 926), and the standardized prevalence rate was 4.04%. The standardized prevalence rate of male (5.05%) is higher than that of female (3.44%). The prevalence of ischemic stroke increased with age in both males (P<0.01) and females (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age increase(compared with 40-49 years old group, 50-59 years old, OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.31-3.30, P=0.02; 60-69 years old, OR=3.90, 95%CI 2.51-6.05, P<0.01; 70-79 years old, OR=5.32, 95%CI 3.37-8.34, P<0.01; ≥80 years old, OR=3.64, 95%CI 2.00-6.62, P<0.01), male(OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.95-2.84, P<0.01),family history of stroke(OR=2.18, 95%CI 1.83-2.60, P<0.01),coronary heart disease (OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.52-2.66, P<0.01), hypertension (OR=2.82, 95%CI 2.21-3.60, P<0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36, 95%CI 1.11-1.67, P=0.03) and overweight/obese (OR=1.22, 95%CI 1.02-1.47, P=0.03) were the major risk factors of ischemic stroke. Conclusions The prevalence of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province is high. Age, male, family history of stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight/obesity are the risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province.

Objective: To explore the prevalence and risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey. From September 2017 to May 2018, a total of 10 926 rural residents aged ≥40 years were investigated in Chaoyang county, Lingyuan, Liaoyang county and Donggang city of Liaoning province. The investigation included questionnaire survey, physical examination and laboratory examination.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of ischemic stroke. Results: The prevalence of ischemic stroke in the rural areas of Liaoning province was 5.51% (602/10 926), and the standardized prevalence rate was 4.04%. The standardized prevalence rate of male (5.05%) is higher than that of female (3.44%). The prevalence of ischemic stroke increased with age in both males (P<0.01) and females (P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age increase(compared with 40-49 years old group, 50-59 years old, OR=2.08, 95%CI 1.31-3.30, P=0.02; 60-69 years old, OR=3.90, 95%CI 2.51-6.05, P<0.01; 70-79 years old, OR=5.32, 95%CI 3.37-8.34, P<0.01; ≥80 years old, OR=3.64, 95%CI 2.00-6.62, P<0.01), male(OR=2.35, 95%CI 1.95-2.84, P<0.01),family history of stroke(OR=2.18, 95%CI 1.83-2.60, P<0.01),coronary heart disease (OR=2.01, 95%CI 1.52-2.66, P<0.01), hypertension (OR=2.82, 95%CI 2.21-3.60, P<0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.36, 95%CI 1.11-1.67, P=0.03) and overweight/obese (OR=1.22, 95%CI 1.02-1.47, P=0.03) were the major risk factors of ischemic stroke. Conclusions: The prevalence of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province is high. Age, male, family history of stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, overweight/obesity are the risk factors of ischemic stroke in rural areas of Liaoning province.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain Ischemia/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Stroke/epidemiology*