Aim To establish an UPLC-ESI-MS method for determination of asiaticoside and investigate its application to pharmacokinetic study in rats.Methods Eight rats were given 40 mg·kg~(-1) asiaticoside iv respectively.Drug plasma concentration was determined by UPLC-ESI-MS.Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated.Results Calibration curves were linear over 0.038～7.6 mg·L~(-1) and LLOQ was 38 μg·L~(-1),the recoveries of asiaticoside from plasma were larger than 95%,and RSD of inter-day and intra-day assay were below 10%.After iv administration of 40 mg·kg~(-1) asiaticoside,the pharmacokinetic parameters of AUC(0-t),T(1)/(2)β,CL,Vd were (81 443.67±57 156.81) μg·L~(-1)·min~(-1),(23.44±9.60) min,(0.19±0.07) L·min~(-1)·kg~(-1),(8.92±6.68) L·kg~(-1),respectively.Conclusion The method described in this report was sensitive and specific,and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of asiaticoside in rats.

Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; history ; mortality ; virology

19 cinnamamide/ester-triazole compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) activity. Among them, compound 4f displayed excellent anti-β-amyloid protein (Aβ)-mediated cytotoxicity (EC₅₀ = 2.03 ± 2.45 μmol·L^-1) in APPswe cells and acetylcholinesterase inhibiton (IC₅₀ = 4.88 ± 4.70 μmol·L^-1). Further study indicated that, at dosages of (1, 5 and 25 mg·kg^-1), compound 4f was effective in improving spatial learning and memory deficits in Aβ_1-42-impaired mice, which was achieved by promoting the nonamyloidogenic signaling and inhibiting the amyloidogenic pathway, along with the suppression of Aβ-induced Tau phosphorylation. All animal experiments in this study were approved by the Experimental Animal Care and Use Committee of the Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology (IMB-20220908D701). In conclusion, compound 4f holds promise as a lead candidate for AD treatment, and the present study lays the foundation for its subsequent development.

Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mamastrovirus ; drug effects ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Phylogeny ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Cynomolgus monkeys as nonhuman primates are valuable animal models because they have a high level of human gene homology. There are many reference values for hematology and biochemistry of Cynomolgus monkeys that are needed for proper clinical diagnosis and biomedical research conduct. The body weight information and blood type are also key success factors in allogeneic or xenogeneic models. Moreover, the biological parameters could be different according to the origin of the Cynomolgus monkey. However, there are limited references provided, especially of Cambodia origin. In this study, we measured average body weight of 2,518 Cynomolgus monkeys and analyzed hematology and serum biochemistry using 119 males, and determined blood types in 642 monkeys with Cambodia origin. The average body weight of male Cynomolgus monkeys were 2.56±0.345 kg and female group was 2.43±0.330 kg at the age from 2 to 3 years. The male group showed relatively sharp increased average body weight from the 3 to 4 age period compared to the female group. In hematology and biochemistry, it was found that most of the data was similar when compared to other references even though some results showed differences. The ABO blood type result showed that type A, B, AB, and O was approximately 15.6, 33.3, 44.2, and 6.9%, respectively. The main blood type in this facility was B and AB. These biological background references of Cambodia origin could be used to provide important information to researchers who are using them in their biomedical research.
Biochemistry* ; Body Weight ; Cambodia* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Haplorhini ; Hematology* ; Humans ; Macaca fascicularis* ; Male ; Models, Animal ; Primates ; Reference Values*

OBJECTIVETo establish PEG10 transgenic mice model and study the effect of PEG10 transgene on tumor growth and metastasis in mice.

METHODSThe linearized expression element of pALB-PEG10, which contained mouse albumin promoter, structural gene of PEG10, and polyaenylation signal sequence, was microinjected into 3741 KM mouse fertilized ova. The manipulated embryos were then transplanted into the oviducts of 94 pseudopregnant recipient mice. All the newborn mice were screened by PCR to detect genomic DNA in tail tissue, then PEG10 mRNA and protein expression were detected by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively in the positive mice. Hepatoma cell H22 was subcutaneously inoculated into the right armpit of wild type mice and No.17, No.33 transgenic mice. Tumor size was measured every week. Mice were sacrificed on day 12 and then the tumors were exercised and weighted. Tumors and livers were fixed in formaldehyde and sectioned. The sections were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and examined under microscope. The expression of PEG10 protein was detected with immunohistochemistry method.

RESULTSAmong the 43 off-springs, 3 were positive for tail tissue PEG10 gene examination, PEG10 was successfully expressed in the liver of the randomly selected transgenic mouse. H22 tumor grew faster in all the transgenic mice than in wild type mice. The average size and weight of tumors between the transgenic mice and wild type mice were significantly different (P < 0.05). Most tumors in the transgenic mice invaded the surrounding tissues and showed liver metastasis, PEG10 protein was expressed in liver. In contrast, nearly all the tumors in wild type mice were capsulized and PEG10 was not expressed in liver.

CONCLUSIONOur results showed that the PEG10 gene could be expressed in the liver of the transgenic mice. PEG10 promotes growth, invasion, and metastasis of transplanted H22 tumors in mice.

Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transgenes ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo study farm compost polluted water that may induce pharyngo-esophageal, gastric and liver carcinoma in chickens.

METHODS280 chickens were randomized into 4 groups: experiment group 100 chickens fed with compost water + NaNO(2) by stomach tube. The other 180 were evenly randomized into 3 control groups (60 each), fed with compost water, NaNO(2) and tap water in the same way. The farm compost was prepared with corn stalks, rice straws, excreta of men and livestock. The compost water, after being nitrosified and acidified, was fed through stomach tube 5 - 7.5 ml/session, twice a week. Besides, a solution consisting of the respective formula of each group added with 3 - 4 L water with pH adjusted to 3 - 4 by 1N HCL was given ad lib to all chickens in each group for 26.5 months.

RESULTSIn the experiment group, there were pharyngo-esophageal carcinoma 16 (16.3%), gastric adenocarcinoma 5 (10.4%) and liver carcinoma 3 (6.3%), in contrast to none in the 3 control groups, showing significant differences (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSuccessful simulation of the layout of esophageal carcinoma high morbidity area and the mimic of chicken gastric fluid strongly support our compost etiological hypothesis that the nitrosified and acidified compost water are carcinogenic, very well causing esophageal, gastric and liver carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Chickens ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Feces ; Female ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Male ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Random Allocation ; Sewage ; adverse effects ; Sodium Nitrite ; toxicity ; Stomach Neoplasms ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Water Pollution, Chemical ; adverse effects

Objective To observe the effects of loading doses of rosuvastatin in treatment of acute cerebral infarction and influence on cerebral hemodynamics.Methods One hundred and twenty-six patients of acute cerebral infarction who were admitted into hospital from January 2014 to June 2016 were selected and randomly divided into the observation group(63 cases,loading doses of rosuvastatin,40 mg per day at the first time,and then 20 mg per day)and the control group(63 cases,routine doses of rosuvastatin,10 mg per day),and one course lasted for 3 months.The NIHSS scores and Barthel index before treatment,1 month and 3 months after treatment were compared,as well as the clinical effects and cerebral hemodynamics changes 3 months after treatment.Results The NIHSS scores of the observation group at 1 month and 3 months after treatment were respectively lower than those of control group with statistical significance(P<0.05),and scores of the Barthel index of the observation group were higher than those of the control group with statistical significance(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 88.89%,which was higher than that of the control group(77.78%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).After the treatment,bilateral pulsation index(PI)of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05).Systolic blood flow velocity(Vs)and mean blood flow velocity(Vm)were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). The difference of adverse reaction between 2 groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Loading doses of rosuvastatin can achieve better curative efficacy in treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction and better improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

Objective To explore the application and effectiveness of one-staged or two-staged hybrid minimally invasive surgical and transcatheter ablation for long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation(LSPAF).Methods From Jun 2015 to Dec 2017,a cohort of 56 patients[18 female,mean age of(59.1 ±6.9) years] with long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation underwent one-staged(30 cases) or two-staged(26 cases) hybrid minimally invasive surgical and transcatheter ablation.Mean AF duration was(5.9 ± 3.0) years.Mean left atrial diameter was(45.4 ± 4.2) mm.Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2.3 ± 1.2.Fourteen cases had a history of prior catheter ablation.All patients underwent continuous 24-hour or 48-hour holter monitoring at 3 months,6 months,1 year and yearly thereafter.Results All patients successfully underwent one-staged or two-staged hybrid minimally invasive surgical and transcatheter ablation.During ablation,LSPAF was terminated in 80.0％ (24/30) with one-staged hybrid ablation and 84.6％ (22/26) with two-staged hybrid ablation.At a mean follow-up of(20.3 ± 8.2) months,89.3％ (50/56) patients maintained sinus rhythm.Among them,86.7％ (26/30) patients with one-staged hybrid ablation maintained sinus rhythm,and 92.3％ (50/56) patients with two-staged hybrid ablation maintained sinus rhythm.Six patients with recurrent AF continued to receive warfarin and amiodarone drug therapy.No death or cerebrovascular events occurred.No patient required permanent pacemaker implantation.Conclusion One-staged or two-staged hybrid minimally invasive surgical and transcatheter ablation could be safely and effectively applied to the treatment of LSPAF.The early and midterm outcomes were satisfactory.

OBJECTIVE: It investigated the tendency of the increase of elderly patients in a psychiatric hospital. In this regard, it examined whether the number of patients with outpatient consultant, discharge, medical diseases, and neurocognitive disorder increased or not. METHODS: It retrospectively reviewed inpatient medical records for the years 2008, 2011, 2014, 2017. To investigate the changes of elderly patients admitted to psychiatry, it examined the changes of patients who are older than 50 or 60 years in addition to the people who are older than 65 years. It analyzed diagnosis, discharge, medical diseases, and outpatient consultant of the three groups respectively. RESULTS: It confirmed that the number of elderly patients who are older than 50, 60, and 65 years has increased in mental hospital for 10 years. There was a significant increase in the number of neurocognitive disorder patients, the ratio of consultant outpatient, and the mean number of outpatient consultant. Diabetes increased in all three groups. Especially it has significantly increased for patients who are older than 50 and 60 years. In the case of patients discharged due to transfer, the number of patients increased in all three groups but it was statistically significant for the patients who are older than 50 years. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the number of elderly patients increased with the trend of aging society. In relation to this, the rate of outpatient consultant and discharge, including diabetic and dementia patients, also increased. Therefore, if the mental health department provides a system to manage the elderly ward or nursing ward to respond to the increase of elderly patients, or to manage the accompanying chronic diseases such as diabetes and its complications, it could solve the inconvenience of patients due to the consultation outside a hospital or discharge.
Aged* ; Aging ; Chronic Disease ; Consultants ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Hospitals, Psychiatric* ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Medical Records ; Mental Health ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Nursing ; Outpatients ; Retrospective Studies