Study of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes is a key to the research of TCM modernization, and the core is the classification and diagnostic criteria of syndromes. The purpose of this article is to review the usage of classification algorithms of data mining in TCM syndrome researches, and comprehensively analyze the main features of algorithms and their applications. The appropriate classification algorithm should be chosen according to different research purposes. Rough sets and cluster analysis are suitable for exploratory research without requiring a prior knowledge. Fuzzy sets theory, neural networks and decision tree are suitable for syndrome diagnostic criteria research when the classification goal is clear, because they require a prior knowledge. Among them, fuzzy sets theory could be used in combination with other classification algorithms. Thus, some new methods such as fuzzy clustering, fuzzy rough sets or fuzzy decision tree might be more suitable for TCM algorithm classification research. It is suggested that some novel classification algorithms need to be developed to fit the condition of TCM syndrome, based on the interdisciplinary theories and technologies.

Objective To evaluate the possibility and safety of balloon kyphoplasty for the aged osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods From October 2007 to December 2012, 78 patients with aged osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures were treated by balloon kyphoplasty. The inflatable balloon was inserted through pedicle of vertebal arch to make fracture reduction, then the centrum was stuffed with bone cement. The whole procedure was pinpointed and detected by C-arm x-ray machine. Results All operations were completed successfully. The lumbar and back pain of the patients relieved obviously. The quality of patients' life was significantly improved. Imaging examinations revealed that the vertebrae altitude was recovered and the kyphosis was corrected obviously. Conclusion Balloon kyphoplasty is effective to treat the aged osteoporotic thoracolumbar burst fractures. But the operation had certain risk, we must do a good job in preoperative preparation, strictly handle surgical indication and accurately operate.

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease and a growing public health burden.Female sexual function in patients with diabetes mellitus is complex and encompasses physical and emotional well-being across the lifespan.This review aims to discuss the development of sexual dysfunction in women with diabetes,while defining the parameters of dysfunction,and to present suggested risk factors and pathogenetic pathways,while offering evidencebased strategies for the evaluation of sexual dysfunction and management.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Charcoal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Enema ; Female ; Gastric Lavage ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE:To improve rational drug use and reduce potentially inappropriate medication (PIM). METHODS:PIM of 700 elderly inpatients in internal medicine department of our hospital was evaluated by Beers criteria(2012 edition)and STOPP/START criteria. RESULTS:700 inpatients whose mean ages were (76.3 ± 7.2) years old took (12.1 ± 4.9) kinds of drugs per patient. 144 cases involved PIM(20.6%). The number of PIM was 220 in total,among which there were 117 cases/times relat-ed to drugs and 22 cases/times related to disease in according to Beers criteria,9 cases/times of STOPP and 72 cases/times of START. Drug with most frequency of PIM in accordance with Beers was benzodiazepines and most frequency in STOPP was thia-zides that used by patients with gout histonry. The most omission frequency of START prescription were absence of metformin thera-py for type 2 diabetes and absence of antiplatelet therapy for diabetes complicated with cardiovascular risk. CONCLUSIONS:A high prevalence of PIM in elderly inpatients in our hospital requires various measures to prevent its occurrence.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of TCM combined with western medicine for advanced gastric cancer.Methods We retrieved literatures of randomized controlled clinical trials related (from January 1991 to June 2012) to the use of TCM combined with western medicine treatment for advanced gastric cancer and made meta-analysis including:the effectiveness,Kamofsky scores and publication bias.Results 44 papers (including 3088 AGC patients) were included.Meta analysis suggested a difference between the treatment group and the control group in effectiveness (Z＝ 6.12,P＜ 0.01),and K score (Z＝ 3.31,P＜0.01).The effectiveness of the reatment group and the control group are 97.8％ and 73.4％ respectively.Conclusion The combined treatment resulted in an improved quality of effectiveness and Kamofsky scores.

Objective:To explore the expressions of miRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) protein in endometrial cancer (EC) and their clinical significances.Methods:A total of 72 EC tissues, 36 endometrial lesions of patients with endometrial atypical hyperplasia, and 22 normal endometrial tissues from total hysterectomy for grade Ⅲ cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University from January 2008 to December 2014 were collected; at the same time, all patients' paraffin-embedded tissues were collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of miR-17-92 in each tissue. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the localization and expression level of MFN2 protein in each paraffin-embedded tissue. The correlation of miR-17-92 and MFN2 protein with clinicopathological features of EC patients was analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve of patients with different miR-17-92 and MFN2 levels, and log-rank test was made; Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate survival analysis.Results:The relative expression of miR-17-92 in EC, atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrial tissues were 1.49±0.46, 1.01±0.30 and 0.69±0.20, respectively. The expression of miR-17-92 in EC tissues was higher than that in the other endometrial tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.01). The high-expression rates of MFN2 protein in EC, atypical hyperplasia and normal endometrial tissues were 20.8% (15/72), 39.4% (13/33) and 85.0% (17/20); the high-expression rate of MFN2 protein in EC tissue was lower than that in the other endometrial tissues, and the differences were statistically significant (both P < 0.012 5). In EC patients, the relative expression of miR-17-92 in patients with histological type Ⅱ was higher than that in patients with histological type Ⅰ ( P < 0.05); the relative expression of miR-17-92 in patients with myometrial invasion depth ≥1/2 were higher than that in patients with myometrial invasion depth <1/2 ( P < 0.05). The high-expression rate of MFN2 protein in patients with histological type Ⅰ was higher than that in patients with histological type Ⅱ ( P < 0.05); the high-expression rate of MFN2 protein in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade Ⅰ was higher than that in patients with FIGO grade Ⅱ and Ⅲ ( P < 0.05). When the EC patients were grouped according to the median relative expression of miR-17-92 (1.421), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median overall survival (OS) time of the miR-17-92 low-expression group (36 cases) was not reached, and the high-expression group (36 cases) was 36 months (95% CI 32-42 months), and the difference in OS between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.049); the median OS time of the MFN2 high-expression group (15 cases) was not reached, and the low-expression group (57 cases) was 38 months (95% CI 33-41 months), and the difference in OS between the two groups was statistically significant ( P = 0.046). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the expression levels of miR-17-92 and MFN2 were independent influencing factors for the survival of EC patients ( HR = 3.10, 95% CI 1.36-7.07, P = 0.007; HR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.09-0.99, P = 0.048). Conclusion:The high-expression of miR-17-92 and low-expression of MFN2 protein in EC tissues may be involved in the occurrence and development of EC, and they can be used as indicators for judging the prognosis of EC patients.

Objective To investigate the efficiency of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with Fluency stent in improving the hepatic and renal function and survival rate in patients with decompensated cirrhosis.Methods The decompensated cirrhosis patients who were treated in our hospital from May 2008 to September 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.One group of patients (n =48) undergoing TIPS was randomly selected as treatment group,while another group of patients (n =48) treated by medicine and therapeutic endoscope was randomly chosen as control group.Clinical data and fellow-up data were retrospectively reviewed.There was no significant deviation in baseline characteristics (age,gender composition,etiology,renal function,hepatic function et al) among all the patients before the operations; The laboratory results of hepatic and renal function in 2 groups before and after operation (1 week,20 days,3 months,6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years) were recorded and compared with independent samples t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test.The survival rates of two groups in 3 years were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier survival curve and compared with Chi-square test.Results Three years after the operation,there were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in AST(70.8 vs.108.7 U/L,Z =-2.958,P ＜ 0.05) and TBIL (51.2 vs.76.2 μmol/L,Z =-2.004,P ＜ 0.05).The Cr value of the 3rd year after the treatment were (9928.2 ± 2363.8) in the the control group and (7742.1 ± 2845.6) μmol/L in the treatment group(t =-2.074,P ＜ 0.05).BUN of the 1st,2nd and 3rd years after the treatment were (2.0 ± 1.1),(2.3 ± 1.5),(2.5 ± 1.3) mmol/L in the treatment group,while it was (2.6 ± 1.1),(3.8 ±1.2),(5.4 ± 1.1)mmol/L in the control group.There was significant difference between the 2 groups (t =-2.222,-3.940 and-6.110,P ＜ 0.05).Comparing the survival rate in the 2 groups with Kaplan-Meier survival curve,the 3 year survival rate in the treatment group was 46.2％,while in the control group it was only 30.0％ (x2 =6.341,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with medicine therapy and therapeutic endoscopy,TIPS with Fluency stent may improve the hepatic function,renal function and survival rate in liver cirrhosis patients.It is a safe and effective therapy choice for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Objective To study the antitumor activity of extract from Salvia plebeia and investigate whether the extract induce apoptosis of K562 cells. Methods The aqueous, petroleum ether, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of 5. plebeia. Taking fluorouracil as reference, the cytotoxic activities of these extracts on HeLa, A549, SGC-7901, HCT-116, K562, LoVo, DU-145, and HepG2 cells were evaluated. To clarify the apoptosis of K562 cells induced by CH2Cl2 extract, the methods of Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry assay, and DNA ladder assay were investigated. Results The CH2Cl2 extract showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against K562 cells, with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL for 3 d treatment. The characteristic apoptotic symptoms such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were also observed in the K562 cells. Conclusion The CH2Cl2 extract from S. plebeia may inhibit the cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis.

Breast cancer is a multistep process with abnormalities of some biomarkers.Knowledge of biomarkers can provide prognostic information in addition to the clinicopathologic factors,and is useful to carry out the indiviual treat- ment.In this review,we summarized the most recent work in the field of biological markers used for the prognosis,such as Her-2/neu,P53,BRCA1,Angiogenesis,LOH,et al