According to the requirement of simulated actual combat,based on the traditional contents of sanitary reconnaissance of water source,this paper introduced some practical knowledge and skills in drinking water under emergency,including water source search,utilization,drinking principles and some measures to reduce the loss of body water.These practices enriched and consum- mated the subject of sanitary reconnaissance of water source.

OBJECTIVEThe clinical effect of the Shi's cervical reduction technique for cervical spondylosis and related disorders has confirmed, however, there were few studies on the body motion during manipulation in vivo study. This study is to summary the law of motion and the motion characteristics of the right operation shoulder, elbow, knee and ankle joints by data acquisition and analysis with the 3D motion capture system.

METHODSThe markers were pasted on the head, trunk, left and right acromion, elbow joint, wrist joint inner side and the outer side of the inner and the outer side and the lateral upper arm, forearm lateral, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine, trochanter, femoral and tibial tubercle, inner and outer side of knee, ankle, fibular head, medial and lateral in first, 2,5 metatarsal head, heel and dual lateral thigh the calf, lateral tibia of one manipulation practioner, and the subject accepted a complete cycle of cervical "Jin Chu Cao and Gu Cuo Feng" manipulation which was repeated five times. The movement trajectory of the practioner's four markers of operation joints were captured, recorded, calculated and analyzed.

RESULTSThe movement trajectories of four joints were consistent, while the elbow joint had the biggest discrete degree. The 3D activities of the shoulder and elbow were more obvious than other two joints, but the degree of flexion and extension in the knee was significantly greater than the rotation and lateral bending.

CONCLUSIONThe flexibility of upper limb joint and stability of lower limb joint are the important guarantees for the Shi's cervical reduction technique, and the right knee facilitated the exerting force of upper limb by the flexion and extension activities. The 3D model built by the motion capture system would provide a new idea for manipulation teaching and further basic biomechanical research.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; methods ; Movement

Objective To compare dose distribution in gamma knife radiotherapy plan, conformal radiotherapy(CRT)plan and intensity modulated radiotherapy(MRT)plan for patients with small mass in lung, and evaluate their characters. Methods Fourteen patients with small mass in lung participated in the study. Gamma knife radiotherapy plan(plan 1), CRT plan(plan 2)and IMRT plan(plan 3)were made for each mass. The planning target volume(PTV)and the dose include 95% PTV were consistent.Conformal index(CI), homogeneity index(HI), lung V5 ,V10 ,V20 ,V30 and the max dose of esophagus and spinal cord were analyzed. Paired samples t-test was used for comparison between each two plans. Results The CI of the plan 1,2 and 3 were 0. 58,0. 46 and 0. 63, respectively. CI of the plan 1 ＞ that of the plan 2 (t= -3.95,P =0.000),plan 3 ＞ plan 2(t = -6.01 ,P =0.000),plan 1 =plan 3(t =1.64,P =0.116);HI of the plan 1,2 and 3 were 1.66,1.10 and 1.07 respectively. HI of the plan 1 ＞ plan 2 ,plan 1 ＞ plan 3(t= -20.52,21.41 respectively, both P=0. 000),plan 2 = plan 3(t= -1.08,P=0.294). The wholelung V5 ,V10 ,V20 and V30 were 10.0% ,5.6% ,2. 4% and 1.2%, respectively, in plan 1 ;20. 2% ,13. 4%,6. 9% ,3.0%, respectively, in plan 3; and 26. 5%, 18. 0%, 11.4% and 4. 6%, respectively, in plan 2.The V5, V10, V20 and V 30 of the plan 1 ＜ in plan 2(t = 9. 68,8. 41,5. 45,5. 14, all P = 0. 000), the V5,V10,V20 and V30 of the plan 1 ＜ in plan 3(t=7.58,8.95,6. 15,4.78, respectively, all P=0.000),the V5 ,V10, V20andV30 oftheplan2 ＞ inplan3(t =9. 71,5. 91,4. 13,3.91, respectively, allP =0.000).The max dose of esophagus in plan 1 ,2 and 3 were 24.93 ± 21.54, 31.90 ± 18. 75, 29. 19 ± 23.09 Gy,respectively, plan 1 ＜ plan 2(t = -2. 71 ,P=0.013),plan 1 = plan 3(t = - 1.49,P =0. 152),plan 2 =plan 3(t = 1.35, P = 0. 193). The max dose of spinal cord in plan 1,2 and 3 were 12.07 ± 10. 67,17.70 ±11.35 and 8.92 :± 10. 04 Gy, respectively, plan 2 ＞ plan 1 ＞plan 3(t = -2. 38,2. 29,4. 83,P=0. 1027,0.033,0.000);All three plans of each mass meet the needs that the max dose of the esophagus≤60 Gy and the max dose of spinal cord ≤40 Gy. Conclusions The dose of the normal lung was lower, but the HI and the max dose of spinal cord were higher in Gamma knife radiotherapy plan than those in the CRT and the IMRT plan of the small mass in lung.

Although gene therapy was regarded as a promising approach for glioma treatment, its therapeutic efficacy was often disappointing because of the lack of efficient drug delivery systems. Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been reported to have a tropism for brain tumors and thus could be used as delivery vehicles for glioma therapy. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to treat glioma by using MSCs as a vehicle for delivering replication-competent adenovirus. We firstly compared the infectivity of type 3, type 5, and type 35 fiber-modified adenoviruses in MSCs. We also determined suitable adenovirus titer in vitro and then used this titer to analyze the ability of MSCs to deliver replication-competent adenovirus into glioma in vivo. Our results indicated that type 35 fiber-modified adenovirus showed higher infectivity than did naked type 3 or type 5 fiber-modified adenovirus. MSCs carrying replication-competent adenovirus significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo compared with other control groups. In conclusion, MSCs are an effective vehicle that can successfully transport replication-competent adenovirus into glioma, making it a potential therapeutic strategy for treating malignant glioma.
Adenoviridae ; Animals ; Brain Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Genetic Vectors ; Glioma ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Oncolytic Virotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Virus Replication ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Abnormalities, Multiple ; surgery ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Spleen ; abnormalities ; Testis ; abnormalities

To investigate the effects of allicin on rats by NMR-based metabonomic method, the changes of endogenous metabolites in normal rat urine and the influences on metabolism were analyzed with bio-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) after intraperitoneal administration of allicin solution. The identified biochemical effects associated with allicin dosing included elevated then gradually recovered urinary levels of Kreb's cycle intermediates, such as citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate and increased concentrations of ketones. Meanwhile, decreased urinary concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, hippurate and trimethylamine oxide were observed. The PLS-DA revealed that the metabonomic profiles of allicin treated groups were obviously different from those of the control group. Allicin may change metabolism significantly in normal rats. The study of the pharmacologic mechanism of allicin by metabonomic method is practicable and it could be explored further.
Animals ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulfinic Acids ; metabolism ; urine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the toxic effects of Glucoside Tripterygium total on rats with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomic method.

METHODThe influence of intragastric administration of Glucoside Tripterygium total suspension at two different doses on endogenetic metabolites in normal rat urine was determined with bio-NMR method then analyzed by pattern recognition technique and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Histopathological analysis was carried out.

RESULTEscalations of concentrations of urinary taurine, TMAO and glucose as well as reductions of concentrations of urinary citrate and 2-oxoglutarate were found by analysis of the 1H-NMR spectra, which was coincident with the result of histopathological analysis. The result of pathological examination indicated that pathologic change was not observed in nephridial tissue, but there were obvious changes in hepatic tissue.

CONCLUSIONThe urinary metabomic spectra were closely associated with the hepatic toxicity, which manifested the mitochondrial dysfunctions, the abnormal energy metabolism in TCA cycle as well as the abnormal glucose metabolism.

Animals ; Citric Acid ; urine ; Enteral Nutrition ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; Ketoglutaric Acids ; urine ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Metabolomics ; Methylamines ; urine ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Tablets ; administration & dosage ; Taurine ; urine ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of CK5/6 and CK17 expression with clinical outcome in patients with triple-negative [ER(-), PR(-), Her-2(-)] breast cancer.

METHODS112 patients with breast cancer treated by surgery between 2000 and 2002 were included in this study. All cases were immunohistochemically proven to be triple-negative. Samples of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were obtained for immunohistological examination for CK5/6 and CK17 expression. The correlation of the gene expression with clinicopathological features and outcome of the patients was analyzed.

RESULTSOf the 112 triple-negative patients, five-year disease-free survival rate was 73.2% (82/112). The positive rate of both CK5/6 and CK17 was 21.4% (24/112), either CK5/6 or CK17 positive was 46.4% (52/112). It was shown by Kaplan-Meier curve that positive CK5/6, CK17 or CKs (CK5/6 or CK17 positive) was correlated with poor five-year disease-free survival (P = 0.020, P = 0.032, P = 0.003); and positive staining of CK5/6 or CKs was correlated with poor five-year overall survival (P = 0.027, P = 0.015). Of the 91 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma, a correlation of CK5/6 or CK17 positive staining with high grade differentiation was observed (P = 0.030), and with axillary lymph node metastasis was also noticed (P = 0.044). Multivariate analysis by Cox regression showed that differentiation grade, pathological stage and expression of CK5/6 were factors affecting both the disease-free-survival and overall-survival, while menopausal status was an independent factor affecting the disease-free-survival.

CONCLUSIONPositive expression of CK5/6 or CK17 in patients with triple-negative breast cancer is correlated with poor prognosis, high grade differentiation and axillary lymph node metastasis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Keratin-17 ; metabolism ; Keratin-5 ; metabolism ; Keratin-6 ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; analysis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVE: To explore expression of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathway in synovial tissue of rats with different degrees of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). METHODS: Forty-eight SPF male rats weighed (200±20) g were randomly divided into three groups, namely model group (32 rats), sham operation group (8 rats) and control group (8 rats). KOA model rats were established by Hulth method, and 8 rats were killed at 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks respectively after modeling, in order to establish KOA model rats with moderate, early, mild and severe degree. Sham operation group was only cut off capsule of knee joint and suture to exclude interference factor, control group was untreated. Behavior, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage degeneration of rats among each group were observed. Expression of NF-κB and signaling pathway and β-catenin in synovial tissue of rats were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS: KOA rat model was successfully established, and synovial hyperplasia was observed in KOA model at mild and early degree, and then gradually decreased; while cartilage degeneration in the early moderate and severe KOA model was significantly expressed, and gradually aggravated with time. The results of PCR showed that expression of β-catenin in 4-week group (8.57±0.46) and 8-week group (4.23±0.09) were higher than those in control group (<0.05); expression of TLR-2 in 2-week group (12.04±4.02) and 4-week group (8.54±2.13) were higher than those in control group(<0.05), and TLR-4 in 2-week group(5.04±0.93), 4-week group (3.29±0.58) and 8-week group (1.63±0.12) were higher than those in control group; expression of NF-κB was significantly higher in 2-week group (10.15±2.04), 4-week group (15.97±4.17), 8-week group (7.69±1.48) and 12-week group (6.70±1.58) than that in control group (<0.05), and expression of IL-1β was significantly higher in 4-week group (2.79±0.25) and 8-week group (2.46±0.32) than that of control group (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS On the RNA expression level, both of β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways are involved in synovial inflammation in KOA model rats, and they play a regulatory role in expression of IL-1β, degeneration of KOA.
Animals ; Inflammation ; Male ; NF-kappa B ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Rats ; Signal Transduction ; beta Catenin

OBJECTIVE One liguzinediol valine ester prodrug was synthesized and evaluated for the physicochemical properties and bioconversion,which laid the foundation for further study of liguzinediol amino acid ester prodrugs.METHODS Liguzinediol valine ester prodrug was prepared by a two-step reaction of condensation and deprotection from liguzinediol,and its structure was verified by LC-HRMS,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.The chemical stability,capacity factor,solubility,lipophilicity,metabolic stability in human plasma and pharmacokinetics study in vivo of valine ester prodrug were tested by HPLC.RESULTS Liguzinediol valine ester prodrug retained great solubility and showed good bioconversion in human plasma.The half-time of liguzinediol was extended obviously.However,the lipophilicity was relatively poor.CONCLUSION Liguzinediol valine ester prodrug was provided with the feature to form the drug,and obvious extended the half-time of liguzinediol.Meanwhile,it indicated that prodrug strategy was feasible,which provided the way of experiment for liguzinediol prodrug research.