No abstract available.

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is a benign ossifying diathetic disorder characterized by hyperostosis and soft tissue ossification of the clavicles, anterior portion of the first ribs, and manubrium, with variable hyperostosis or ankylosis in the spine and sacroiliac joints. A review of the literature and our own case describes the clinical findings and its characteristic features in RI, CT, and plain film.
Ankylosis ; Clavicle ; Hyperostosis ; Hyperostosis, Sternocostoclavicular* ; Manubrium ; Ribs ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Spine

Total 36 reports on the mortality rates (MRs) of low birth weight infants (LBWI) and very LBWI (VLBWI) in Korea from the 1967 through 2001 were analyzed. We compared the changes in the MR by 5 and 10-yr interval. The MRs observed by 5-yr intervals from the early 1960s through the 1990s have drastically decreased. TheMRs of LBWI are as follows: 23.1% and 23.6% in the 1960s, 17.3% and 16.8% in the 1970s, 14.1% and 14.4% in the 1980s, and 8.1% in the early 1990s. The MRsof VLBWI have also fallen and were reported as follows: 68.2% and 63.7% in the 1960s, 55.8% and 57.6% in the 1970s, 56.2% and 48.1% in the 1980s, 33.5% and 24.5% in the 1990s, and 11.7% in the early 2000s. In every 10-yr period, the MRs of LBWI have decreased from 23.4% in 1960, to 17.0% in 1970, to 14.2% in 1980, and to 8.1% in 1990. The MRs of VLBWI also have decreased from 66.2% in 1960, to 56.7% in 1970, to 50.8% in 1980, to 32.9% in 1990, and to 11.7% in 2000. TheMR of LBWI and VLBWI has gone down remarkably due to improvements in neonatology in Korea as shown above.
Human ; *Infant Mortality ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Korea ; Time Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of various factors on the extent of thermal coagulation necrosis after radiofrequency (RF) tissue ablation using a cooled-tip electrode in bovine liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RF ablation was induced by a monopolar 500 KHz-RF generator (CC-1; Radionics,Burlington, Mass., U.S.A.) and an 18-G cooled-tip with single or clustered electrodes. The ablation protocol involveda combination of varying current, ablation time, power output, gradual or abrupt increase of this out-put, and pulsed radiofrequency techniques. The maximum diameter of all thermal lesions which showed a color change was measured perpendicular to the electrode axis by two observers who reached their decisions by consensus. Twenty representative lesions were pathologically examined. RESULTS: With increasing current lesion diameter also increased, but above 1500 mA no further increase was induced. Extending the ablation time to 9 minutes for a single electrode and 15 minutes for a clustered electrode increased lesion diameter until a steady state was reached. Higher power levels caused larger lesions, but above 100 W no increase was observed. Ample exposure time coupled with a stepwise increase in power level induced a lesion larger than that resulting from an abrupt increase. Continuous pulsed RF with a high current led to increased coagulation necrosis diameter. CONCLUSION: These experimental findings may be useful thermotherapy. The data suggest that all involved factors significantly affect lesion size: if the factors are better understood, cancer thermotherapy can be better controlled.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Consensus ; Electrodes ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Liver* ; Necrosis

No abstract available.
Child* ; Endoscopy* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Hybridomas* ; Immunity, Cellular* ; T-Lymphocytes*

No abstract available.
Cryptococcosis* ; Hybridomas* ; Immunity, Cellular* ; T-Lymphocytes*

PURPOSE: Surfactant replacement therapy in neonates with respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) has been used in Korea since 1990. We undertook a collective study of trials from multi-hospitals to evaluate results of neonates with RDS who were treated with surfactant during the past 15 years in Korea(Period I, P-I, 1990-91; Period II, P-II, 1996; Period-III, P-III; 2002). METHODS: There were 60 neonates in P-I(16 hospitals), 1,179 in P-II(64 hospitals), 1,581 in P-III(62 hospitals). Initial chest radiological findings were classified by Bomsel's criteria. The severities of RDS were categorized by ventilatory index(VI), and types of responses after surfactant therapy were classified by changes in VI, FiO2 and a/APO2 as good, relapse and poor. RESULTS: We used Surfacten(Japan) on P-I, Surfacten and Exosurf(USA) in P-II, and Surfacten and Newfactan(Korea) in P-III. Most of the cases were treated by single dose in P-I, II, however in P-III, 79.9% of the cases were treated with a single dose and 20.1% with multiple-dose therapy. According to the initial chest radiological findings, stage III or IV were 82% in P-I, 64% in P-II, 67.7% in P-III, respectively. According to the initial severities, mild RDS were 25.5%, moderate RDS were 44.8% and severe RDS were 29.7%, respectively in P-III. The proportion of infants with initial good responses were higher in P-II, III than P-I(58.3% vs 71.7%, 68.4%). The incidence of complications and associated diseases were similar during the three periods. The mortality rate was significantly decreased in P-III than P-I, II(40.0%, 30.0% vs 18.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION: We concluded that surfactant treatment in neonates with RDS has had an impact on improving clinical courses and outcome. The mortality rate in RDS was significantly decreased during the last 15 years in Korea.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality

No abstract available.
Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

No abstract available.
Folliculitis ; Herpes Zoster ; Herpesvirus 3, Human