BACKGROUND: Because dopaminergic neurons are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress, microglia is characteristics of being prone to activation, and activated microglia is the main source of oxygen free radical production, so microglia activation is more important in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and illness progress.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the correlation between microglia and Parkinson's disease.METHODS: An online computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author among the Chinese Journal Full-Text Database (CNKI: 2000/2010) and Medline (2000/2010) Database, with key words of Parkinson's disease, microglia in English and Chinese. The correlation between microglia and Parkinson's disease was discussed through two aspects, one is the influence of cell factors and toxic substance produced after microglia activation on Parkinson's disease, the other is the inhibition of microglia and prevention of nerve toxic factors on Parkinson's disease progress.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 112 articles were screened out according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 27 of them were involved in the analysis. Results showed that microglia activation will damage dopaminergic neurons, and cause Parkinson's disease. And the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease may further reduce the neurotransmitter dopamine, continue to damage dopaminergic neurons and release the inflammatory factor, thus promoting microglia activation. Inhibition of microglia activation is likely to stop the progress of Parkinson's disease.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of NMP22 and BTA stat in the detection of bladder cancer. Methods 82 symptomatic patients suspicious of bladder cancer were asked to have urine NMP22,BTA stat,and cytological examination before cystoscopy. Results 32 patients were pathologicaly diagnosed as transitional cell carcinoma,and 50 cases were other benign urological conditions.The sensitivity of NMP22 (87.5%) was significantly better than BTA stat (65.6%) and urinary cytology ( 21.9 %), P

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and related risk factors of infarction secondary to severe traumatic brain injury.Methods 480 traumatic brain injury patients were chosen.Depending on the occurrence of cerebral infarction,patients were divided into TCI groups and non-TCI group,clinical symptoms and signs of TCI group were observed,and its related risk factors was analyzed.Results In 480 cases patients,there were 30 cases of patients with traumatic brain injury secondary to cerebral infarction,the rate was 6.25%.Clinical manifestations included unilateral limb motor and sensory dysfunction,visual dysfunction,language dysfunction,dizziness,headache.10 cases Prognosis were good,6 cases were mild disability,3 cases were severe disability,1 case was plant survival,10 patients died.Univariate analysis showed that the rates of aged ≥50 years,GCS score ＜ 8 points,hernia,hypotension,subarachnoid hemorrhage,large doses of non-dehydrating agent in the TCI group were higher than those of non-TCI group,the differences were statistically significant (x2 =12.311 3,14.725 4,19.867 8,5.296 9,9.242 6,11.713 6,all P ＜ 0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that age ≥50 years,GCS score ＜ 8 points,hernia,cerebral hypotension were important risk factors.Conclusion Brain injury patients with cerebral infarction secondary to clinical manifestations have some characteristics.Age ≥50 years,GCS score ＜ 8 points,hernia,hypotension are important risk factors.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Rab23 on the proliferation of a squamous cell carcinoma cell line Sa3,and to investigate its mechanisms.Methods Cultured Sa3 cells were classified into four groups:normal control group transfected with green fluorescent protein (GFP),Rab23-overexpressing group transfected with a GFP-labelled Rab23-overexpressing plasmid,Rab23-silencing group transfected with a plasmid carrying a Rab23-targeting shRNA,empty vector group transfected with an empty vector.After additional culture for different durations,plate colony formation assay and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the proliferative activity of Sa3 cells,and Western blot was conducted to detect the expression of Erl/phosphorylated-Erk in Sa3 cells.Statistical analysis was carried out by t test,one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's multiple comparison test.Results Stable Sa3 cell lines with overexpression or silencing of Rab23 were established by plasmid construction and lentivirus-mediated transfection.The plate colony formation assay showed that the colony formation rate was significantly lower in the Rab23-overexpressing group than in the normal control group (2.3％ ± 0.2％ vs.3.6％ ± 0.3％,P ＜ 0.05),but higher in the Rab23-silencing group than in the empty vector group (4.1％ ± 0.2％ vs.1.8％ ± 0.03％,P ＜ 0.01).Rab23 overexpression induced G1 phase arrest in Sa3 cells.The proliferation index was significantly decreased in the Rab23-overexpressing group compared with the normal control group (0.581 ± 0.035 vs.0.698 ± 0.018,P ＜ 0.05),but increased in the Rab23-silencing group compared with the empty vector group (0.567 ± 0.015 vs.0.444 ± 0.014,P ＜ 0.01).As Western blot showed,there were no significant changes in the expression of Erk in the Rab23-silencing or-overexpressing group compared with the normal control group,whereas the expression of p-Erk was attenuated in the Rab23-overexpressing group compared with the normal control group,but enhanced in the Rab23-silencing group compared with the empty vector group.Conclusions Rab23 could inhibit the proliferation of Sa3 cells,which may be associated with the Erk pathway.

Objective To discuss nicardipin′s influence on post operation cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in senior patient after hip joint replacement operation.Methods 180 senior patient, who received selective unilateral hip joint replacement operation between October 2015 and October 2016 under the condition of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) were randomly divided into Group A (with nicardipine) and Group B (without nicardipine).Nicardipine was only appropriately pumped into vein in time in Group A.MAP was observed and recorded 30 minutes after starting the operation and at the end of the operation.Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was applied to score the patient one day before, one day, three days and five days after operation, and the number of POCD was recorded.Results Compared with Group B, Group A was obviously lower in MAP level (P<0.05) after 30 minutes.MMSE score of Group A was obviously higher (P<0.01) one day after operation.The number of POCD in Group A was 8 (8.89%) significantly lower than than that of Group B (19, 21.11%).Conclusion Nicardipine could maintain hemodynamic stability of senior patients receiving selective unilateral hip joint replacement operation under the CSEA and prevent POCD to a certain extent.

Objective To observe the effects and benefits of the gastroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic modified Heller operation for the treatment of achalasia of cardia. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clin﹣ical data of 33 cases in our hospital. The surgical approach was gastroscopy-assisted thoracoscopic modified Heller operation. The intraoperative and postoperative effect and complications were observed. All patients were followed up for six months. Results After operation 33 achalasia patients' symptom of obstruction is alleviated. 1 case changed to open operation because of severe adhesion; 4 cases esophageal mucosal were injured and need to be repair assisted by thoracoscope. 1 case had esophagopleural fistula after operation and was cured by conservative treatment in one month. 1 case had gastroesophageal reflux symptoms after operation and relief symptoms after conservative treatment. All patients were follow-up more than six months, only 1 patient recured eating obstruction in 3 months after opera﹣tion, and was cured by gastroscopic expanding treatment. Conclusions The results of gastroscopy-assisted thoraco﹣scopic modified Heller operation to patients with Achalasia is significant. The operation is easy to perform and the complications is less, it can be promoted and applied in clinical practice.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenocortical carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in clinical data of 16 patients with primary adrenocortical carcinoma. The diagnosis was based on clinical presentations,hormonal studies and imaging. Surgical treatment was underwent on 13 cases. All patients were followed up for 3 to 62 months. Results Of 16 cases,functional tumors were in 8,including Cushing′s syndrome in 5,combination of Cushing′s syndrome and virilization in 2,and hyperaldosteronism in 1. Imaging studies revealed the tumors were 4.8 to 19.5 cm in diameter,average in 7.8 cm. Distant metastasis occurred in 3 cases. Radical surgery was done in 13 cases without distant metastasis,including radical adrenalectomy in 8,adrenalectomy plus nephrectomy in 2,adrenalectomy plus surgical extirpation of intracaval tumor thrombus in 2,and partial resection of the wall of inferior vena cava in 1. Pathologic stages were stage Ⅰ in 2 cases,stage Ⅱ in 8,stage Ⅲ in 3,stage Ⅳ in 3. Among the 11 cases who were treated over 2 years after operation,6 cases were still survival,while 1 case had pulmonary and 1 case had bone metastasis. The other 5 cases survive in average of 26 months. Conclusions Prognosis of primary adrenocortical carcinoma is poor. The keys to early diagnosis are clinical manifestations plus imaging. Surgical treatment is the only effective therapy for the disease.

Objective To study the clinicopathologic features and prognosis factor of Chinese lymphoblastic lymphoma.Methods 105 LBL cases were collected.Routine HE staining,immunostaining were used to investigate the clinicopathologic features,immunotype.Results The ratio of male to female was 1.76:1 (67:38),the medial age was 13 years old (0-73 years old).53 cases (53/105,50.48 ％) primarily showed lymph node involvement,including 34 cases (34/53,64.15 ％) showed jugular node involvement;mediastinum (12/52,23.08 ％) was the most frequent extranodal involvement site.69 cases (69/105,65.71％)showed bone marrow involvement with 15 cases as the primary involvement.The expression of TdT,CD99,CD3(E),CD20,CD79a,PAX5,MPO,CD34 and CD117 was 84.76 ％ (89/105),85.00 ％ (68/80),54.37 ％ (56/103),16.67 ％ (16/96),40.00 ％ (8/20),46.67 ％ (28/60),14.29 ％ (8/56),25.00 ％ (4/16) and 0.All cases were divided in to two groups,62 cases as T-LBL (59.05 ％,62/105) and 33 cases as B-LBL (31.43 ％,33/105),with 9 cases (8.57 ％,9/105) without the expression of T or B cell marker and 1 cases with the expression of both T and B cell marker.61 cases were detected the expression of myeloid markers and 8 cases were positive.All cases were followed up.The medial survival was 36 months.The survival at 1 year,2 year and 3 year was 66.67 ％ (70/105),48.81％ (41/84) and 20.69 ％ (12/58) respectively.Age was the prognosis associated factor.The children had better progonosis than adults.Immunotype,bone marrow involovement and transplantation didn' t show prognosis indicator (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Most of Chinese LBL occurs in child and younger male,multi-lymphadehypertrophy and bone marrow involvement are common.LBL is an aggressive tumor.Age is the prognosis associated factor.Children have a better prognosis than the adult.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to examine the prevalence and diameter of the bony canal structure of the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA), residual alveolar bone height, and distance of its inferior border from the alveolar crest using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

METHODSCBCT images of maxilla in 116 patients were randomly selected from patients who underwent maxillary sinus augmentation procedure and/or posterior teeth implant therapy from April 2011 to September 2012. The lower border of the bony canal to the alveolar crest, diameter of the bony canal, and residual alveolar bone height below the sinus floor to the ridge crest were measured from CBCT scans. Data were presented using descriptive statistics.

RESULTSThe prevalence of the bony canal was 75.14% (133/177). The mean diameter of the bony canal was (0.96 ± 0.29) mm. The residual alveolar bone height was (7.14 ± 3.64) mm. The distance of the bony canal's inferior border from the alveolar crest was (17.92 ± 5.68) mm. No statistically significant differences between the right and left sides were observed (F = 0.295, P > 0.05). The mean diameter of the bony canal was significantly smaller in females than that in males (F = 0.187, P < 0.05). The maxillary alveolar dimension was significantly correlated with the residual alveolar bone height.

CONCLUSIONThe results from this study suggest that CBCT is a valuable tool in evaluating the presence of the bony canal of the PSAAs efore maxillary sinus surgery.

It has been shown that Spirulina platensis can regulate imminological functions.We report here that crude extract and purified components (phycocyanin and polysaccharide) from Spirulina platensis can induce secretion of IL 2 in splenocyte of BALB/C mice by means of MTT method.In the present study,we showed that all experimental components can't enhance proliferation of CTLL which was used in MTT method,but induce IL 2 secretion in splenocyte of BALB/C mice in three different concentration (0.01,0.1,1 g?L -1 ).Indeed the purified components especially phycocyanin part showed stronger IL 2 inducing activity than the crude one.IL 2 level was grow up when the incubation time of splenocyte and Spirulina platensis increased.In the concentration of 1 g?L -1 ,detected Spirulina platensis in our study assist IL 2 inducing of ConA (2mg?L -1 ) in splenocyte of BALB/C mice.