Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) has been proved to be an effective psychological treatment method for depression,especially for mild-to-moderate depression,however,due to the influence of various factors,its application in patients with depression is limited.Studies abroad have confirmed self-help intervention based on CBT has good effects on patients with depression.By reviewing efficacy of self-help interventions based on CBT on depression,it can be known that most of the literatures support that self-help interventions based on CBT has good effects on depression.Related researches abroad have been more mature,but few similar studies have been conducted in our country.So self-help CBT for depression has broad prospects in our country,which can play an important role in the prevention and therapy of depression,alleviating the shortage of medical resources,and reducing the patients' medical expenses,etc.Based on bibliotherapy (a major form of self-help interventions based on CBT),future studies need to learn from foreign practice to expand the audience to the clinic,community and non-clinical patients,in order to provide advice for interventions for depression in China.

0.05). However, in 33%(3/9) patients with normal serum AFP (

The requirements for library-provided knowledge service in training of doctorial students were studied according to the analysis of problems in trainingof doctorial students .Theinformation support platform for innova-tive training of doctorial students was constructed by incorporating knowledge service intothe training of doctorial students from the aspects of topic selection, project establishment, scientific research,project completion and choosing excellent doctorial students in order to improve their information awareness and innovative ability.

A highly phytase-producing strain B.licheniformis LL8 was obtained by several mutagenesis of UV with B.licheniformis as starting strain.The new strain produced about two folds of phytase activity as compared with the starting strain. The production performance of the strain was stable. The cultivation conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. When the mutant B.licheniformis LL8 was cultivated at 55℃, initial pH 7.5 with the inoculation size of 10% for 30h in WBE medUm, the phytase activity was up to 2268.4U/mL.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma ,and to focus on their roles on the development ,progress and metastasis of tumor .Methods 102 cases of primary hepato-cellular carcinoma were taken as the observation group and 80 cases of normal liver tissues as the control group .The expressions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 were detected by the immunohistochemistry method and their expression difference in different clinicopathological characteristics and the correlation were investigated .Results The positive rates of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 expressions in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group .The positive rates of Glypi-can3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 expressions were closely correlated with the tumor volume ,differentiation degree ,lymph node metasta-sis ,vessel infiltration ,membrane invasion and PCNA expression .The correlation analysis showed that the positive relationships were found between Glypican3 and MMP-9 ,between Glypican3 and MMP-14 and between MMP-9 and MMP-14 in the observation group(r=0 .48 ,P=0 .024 1 ;r=0 .46 ,P=0 .013 2;r=0 .43 .P=0 .031 3) .The survival analysis showed that expressions of Glypi-can3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 were correlated with the patient′s prognosis .Conclusion The higher-expressions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 may promote the occurrence and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma .Detecting the postoperative expres-sions of Glypican3 ,MMP-9 and MMP-14 has certqain value to judge the prognosis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma .

Objective To investigate the mechanism of anti-tumor in lung cancer patients and their effects to immune system undergoing with microwave ablation treatment,radioimmunotherapy of 131Ⅰ tumor cells human mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody injection (131Ⅰ-chTNT) and combined treatment of two anterior method.Methods The 50 cases of lung cancer were divided into three groups randomly,17 cases were in the group of simple microwave ablation treatment,15 cases were in the group of simple radiotherapy immunotherapy,18 cases were in the group of combined microwave ablation treatment with 131Ⅰ-chTNT radioimmunoassay.During the study,the T lymphocyte subsets,the activity of NK cells,the expressing of interleukin (IL)-2,IL-10,IL-12,the changing of the interferon γ(IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected and compared of before and after treatment on all the patients.Results The CD4+ value,CD4+/CD8+ value and the activity of NK cells in these three groups after treatment were higher than that of before treatment (P ＜ 0.05),there was statistic difference between the combined treatment group and two simple treatment groups (P ＜ 0.01).The expression of IL-2,IL-12,IFN-γ TNF-α in three group patients after treatment were higher than that of before treatment,which had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05),while there were no significant differences between groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The method combined microwave ablation treatment with 131Ⅰ-chTNT radioimmunoassay has efficiency to improve the immune function,which could improve the comprehensive therapeutic effect of lung cancer excellently.

Objective To investigate the importance of elements of teaching aesthetic(appearance aesthetics; language aesthetics; emotion aesthetics; PPT aesthetics; blackboard-writing aesthetics and model aesthetics) in clinical orthopaedic teaching,and to analyze the reasons and significance of them.Methods Totally 137 medical students(2005 and 2006 grade) were investigated by the questionnaire in resent 2 years.They were asked to choose the first two important elements of teaching anesthetic from six elements displayed by four teachers.Results The percentage of appearance aesthetics,language aesthetics,emotion aesthetics,PPT aesthetics,blackboard-writing aesthetics and model aesthetics were showed as 97.4％,88.7％,67.1％,58.9％,13.6％ and 1.2％ respectively.Conclusion Teaching aesthetics is an indispensible part of teaching aesthetically and it is helpful to promote the teaching.We should be focus on PPT aesthetics and appearance aesthetics,which show high percentage in our research.

Contents in orthopaedic are independent relatively and finding out the internal relations during them is helpful to improving the effect of orthopaedic teaching.Transfer theory is important tools for clinical teaching practice,and finding out the common characteristics between the orthopaedic chapters is primary for the theory.This research focuses on the following fields:fractures,nerve injury,infection,tumor and deformity.After the common characteristics between these chapters were analyzed and discussed,we concluded that the transfer theory is helpful in orthopaedic teaching practice,especially for students' comprehension and memory,but still we should avoid some negative effects in teaching process.

Objective The mortality rate of the children after surgical repair of congenital heart disease associated with acute renal injure has been reported to be 30％-79％.Peritoneal dialysis is the common treatment method for those patients,but the optimal time to initiate peritoneal dialysis is still controversial.The aim of this study was to investigate the clinic outcome of early peritoneal dialysis to the children following cardiac surgery.Methods We performed a retrospective chart of children following cardiac surgery from January 2008 to December 2009.The total number was 4561,62 of them were performed PD treatment.Data on the PD treatment children were collected from pre-operation to hospital discharge.Early peritoneal dialysis group was defintes as PD initiated at operation room or the interval between the end of operation to starting peritoneal dialysis less than 3hrs.the others were traditional PD group.Results The whole PD treatment rate was 1.36％,15 patients died.The mortality were 10.71％ (3/28) in early PD and 35.29％ (12/34) in conditional PD group respectively (P =0.036).2 patients were met RIFLE(risk,injury,failure,loss,and end-stage renal disease,RIFLE)classification as failure grade in early PD group while 10 patients in traditional PD group (P =0.001).After PD treatment 24hrs,the Vasoactive-Inotrope Scores and serum creatinine values were much lower in the early PD group children than those in the traditional PD group[(19.00 ±2.39) vs(37.00±5.22),P=0.002;(50.51 ±21.84) vs(130.13±76.09),P=0.001)].Conclusion This study shows that early PD can prevent the children after congenital heart surgery to develop AKI,and reduce the severity of the clinic status.Early intervention with PD is associated with low mortality.

Objective To investigate the effects of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) versus cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for treating adult posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) .Methods A total of 81 patients with PTSD con‐forming to the including standard were randomly allocated to the EMDR group ,CBT group ,and control group ,27 cases per group . The PTSD symptoms ,anxiety and depression moods in 3 groups were assessed before and after treatment by adopting the Clinician‐administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) ,Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) .Results The drop‐out rates were 29 .63% for the EMDR group ,7 .41% for the CBT group and 7 .41% for the control group respectively ;the re‐experience symptoms score of CAPS in the EMDR group was lower than that in the CBT group with statistical difference (P=0 . 036) .Conclusion Both EMDR and CBT are the effective psychological therapeutic method ,EMDR has more effective than CBT in the reproving the re‐experience symptoms of PTSD .The future studies should pay more attention to the application of stabilization technologies for reducing the dropout rate of EMDR .