Total 1188 subjects aged 35-74 in an urban community of Beijing were recruited by a multistage stratified random sampling procedure. Dental caries were examined by three dentists independently. The prevalence of dental crown caries was 79. 6% (DF), that of DMFS was 24. 39% and the root caries index (RCI) was 3.5% in this group. 22. 3% of the examinees required treatment for the crown caries and 26. 0% for root caries. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that DMFS was significantly correlated with RCI (P <0. 01 ), and there was no significant difference of DMFS and RCI between males and females. The study indicates that dental caries is a common health problem in adults and elderly population of urban Beijing, and the development of community oral health service system is necessary.

OBJECTIVETo study the role of the synchronized springy lengthening apparatus for the tibia and calcaneal tendon designed by the author in preventing the clubfoot of secondary to the Ilizarov tibia lengthening.

METHODSBased on the Ilizarov tibia lengthening apparatus, a special synchronized springy lengthening apparatus for the tibia and calcaneal tendon was designed. The tibial was made of distal and proximal 2 rings respectively and 4 threaded rods, and the calcaneal was made of a half ring, 2 hinges and a threaded rod with spring. The half ring was fixed to the calcaneus by 2 crossed wires. The fracture tibia and fibula, ankle joint, talocalcaneal joint were attached to the apparatus. At the same time of tibia lengthening, the soft tissue was simultaneously stretched, the ankle joint could move, and the leg could bear weight. If the clubfoot angle was larger, the percutaneous fasciotomy of calcaneal tendon was performed; if the angle was less than 20 degrees, the pes deformities were corrected only by the stretch of calcaneal tendon.

RESULTSSeventy-seven patients' tibia were lengthened averagely 4.6 cm, with an average speed of 0.7 mm/d. The healing made tibia lengthened, and the index was 1.35 months/cm. There were not the secondary varus and valgus deformities and clubfoot in all the patients. The clubfoot with 100-400 angle of the 16 patients were corrected after tibia lengthening.

CONCLUSIONSThe new apparatus coincides with the biomechanical principle and can effectively prevent the secondary deformities of foot such as clubfoot, talipes varus and valgus after tibia lengthening procedure.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Lengthening ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child ; Equipment Design ; Female ; Humans ; Leg Length Inequality ; surgery ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate correlation between polymorphisms of rs3755557 and rs1880481 located in glycogen synthase kinase 3beta gene and beta-catenin gene respectively, the products of which are components of Wnt signalling pathway, and risk of gastric carcinoma.

METHODSPCR and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography combining with DNA sequencing were used to analyse genotype polymorphism of rs3755557 and rs1880481 of the subjects including 26 patients of gastric carcinoma and 33 patients of chronic superficial gastritis.

RESULTSChi-square analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of rs3755557 polymorphic site between gastric carcinoma group and control group. As to the rs1880481 polymorphic site, there was no significant difference in the frequencies of alleles between gastric carcinoma group and the corresponding control group. The frequency of heterozygous genotype in male control group was 68.18% and it was significantly higher than 26.67% in male gastric carcinoma group, OR=5.893, 95%CI: 1.377-25.226 (P=0.013); but the frequencies of AA genotype of the site in male control group and male gastric carcinoma group were 9.09% and 40.00% respectively. There was statistical significance, OR=6.667, 95% CI: 1.121-39.660 (P=0.025).

CONCLUSIONThe above results suggest that the genotypes and alleles of rs3755557 site do not contribute to the risk of gastric carcinoma. Low level of the heterozygous genotype or high level of AA genotype of rs1880481 polymorphic site in male patients might cause a higher risk of developing gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Risk Factors ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sex Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Wnt Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; beta Catenin ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the subtype distribution of HIV-1 strains prevalent in four areas of China,and to study the characteristics of gag gene variation and changes in antigen epitopes under the host immune pressures. Methods:The plasma of HIV-1 infected people from Henan, Guangdong, Sichuan and Beijing in China were collected. Virion RNA was extracted directly from plasma after the virion was condensed. The gag gene was amplified by RT-PCR and nested-PCR.Sequences were subtyped by Genotyping Tool software, and phylogenetic analysis of gag gene were performed using the MEGA 4.1 software.The gene distances intra each subtype were calculated by Distance program. The Ks/Ka ratios were calculated using SNAP program. The variation analysis of CTL antigen epitopes restricted by main HLA-Ⅰ specificities in China was performed.Results:Six subtypes or circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)of HIV-1,including B',CRF07_BC,CRF01_AE,B,CRF08_BC and CRF02_AG,were identified in four areas of China.The gene distances intra each subtype were CRF01_AE>B>CRF08_BC> CRF07_BC>B' listed in order of size, meanwhile the order of Ks/Ka ratios was CRF01_AE>B>CRF08_BC>B'>CRF07_BC. Far more diversity of antigen epitopes in P17 region was observed than that in P24.Epitope mutations intra subtypes were CRF01_AE>B>B'>CRF07_BC listed in order of size. Conclusion:Itseems that CRF01_AE is under the strongest immune pressures,and displays the most diversity of gene and variation of epitopes intra subtypes prevalent in China, followed by subtype B, B' and CRF07_BC. The discrepancy of epitope mutations intra the subtypes is significant.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of virtual colonoscopy in diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia. METHODS: Virtual colonoscopy was performed in 29 patients with colorectal neoplasia confirmed by colonoscopy. The results were compared with colonoscopy for each case. RESULTS: Virtual colonoscopy was successfully performed in each patient without any complications. All colorectal carcinomas detected by colonoscopy were identified by virtual colonoscopy. Twenty-five polyps were detected with colonoscopy, whereas only 16 identified by virtual colonoscopy. Compared with the results of colonoscopy, detection rate of polyps greater than 1.0 cm between 0.5 approximate, equals 0.9 cm and less than 0.5 cm in size was 90.0% 62.5% and 28.6% respectively. CONCLUSION: Virtual colonoscopy is fast, minimal invasive and well tolerated. This technique is a valuable clinical method in diagnosis of colorectal cancer and polyps larger than 0.5 cm in size.

Objective To analyze the patterns of incidence and mortality on larynx cancer in China.Methods Data from 32 Cancer Registries in China were examined,sorted,and analyzed by the National Cancer Registry,to obtain the crude,Chinese national and world age- standardized rates (ASR) of incidence and mortality and their trends.Results The crude incidence and mortality rates of larynx cancer wcrc 2.04/105 and 1.06/105 in China during 2003-2007.The rates were higher in males than those in females,and also higher in urban areas than those in rural areas.The highest Chinese ASRs of incidence and mortality of larynx cancer in 32 cancer registries in China were 2.08/105 in Zhongshan city,Guangdong province,and 1.58/105 in She county,Hebei province respectively.The trend of incidence and mortality of larynx cancer was stable from 2003 to 2007.Conclusion Although both the incidence and mortality of larynx cancer in China were still in low level,comprehensive measures should be carried out to prevent the increase on both the incidence and mortality of larynx cancer.

Acetabulum ; injuries ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo shorten the time of external skeletal fixation on legs, and enhance quality of limb lengthening, avoid complications of shortening, bending, twisting and etc.

METHODSInsert pin transcortical to attack external skeletal fixation simultaneously, put un-reaming locked intramedullary nail (do not insert distal locked screw) into endosteum of lengthening bone. After the legs achieved predetermined length, insert distal locked screw and then remove external skeletal fixation, locked intramedullary nail, then maintain consolidation of rehabilitation.

RESULTSThe group lengthened legs for 412 cases. The range of lengthening was 3 to 18 cm. Mean length was 7.6 cm. The mean time for needed external skeletal fixation was 20 d/cm. The mean time of osteogenesis was 56 d/cm. For complications, there were 3 tibias ununion cases and 1 varus ankle. All cases were treated undergoing twice.

CONCLUSIONSThe method reduces the time for needed external skeletal fixation visibly, enhances the quality of limb lengthening remarkably, prevents complications of shortening new bone, deformity, bending and re-fracture which do not effect the healing time. This is a new choice of limb lengthening.

Adult ; Bone Lengthening ; instrumentation ; methods ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Ilizarov Technique ; instrumentation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tibia ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDVirus with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) resistant mutations show different evolution tendencies when the anti-viral therapies are interrupted. Understanding the replication fitness of drug-resistant virus is important for the study of the prevalence of drug-resistance. For this purpose, we characterized the replication capacity of HIV-1 virus carrying lamivudine (3TC) or nevirapine (NVP) resistant mutations.

METHODS3TC and NVP resistant variants were induced in vitro by selecting wild type virus in the presence of drugs. For the competitive replication assay, drug-resistant variants were cocultured with wild-type virus in the presence or absence of drugs. The ratios of the viral species were determined over time by using a real-time RT-PCR-based assay.

RESULTS3TC-resistant (M184I mutation) and NVP-resistant (Y181I mutation) virus should be selected in vitro in two different ways. The competitive replication assay showed that the ratio of virus carrying a M184I mutation increased from 98.8%, while the wild type virus decreased to 1.2% after 4 passages in the presence of 3TC; the percentage of virus carrying the Y181I mutation increased to 90.5%, while wild type virus decreased to 9.5% in the presence of NVP. In the absence of drugs, the ratio of virus carrying the M184I mutation decreased to 5.3%, while wild type virus increased to 94.7%; the ratio of virus carrying Y181I increased to 75%, while wild type virus decreased to 25% after 4 passages.

CONCLUSIONSThe NVP-resistant virus is fitter than wild type virus even in the absence of NVP that may be the reason that NNRTIs-resistant virus is spreading quickly.

Cell Line ; Drug Resistance, Viral ; genetics ; HIV-1 ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; pharmacology ; Mutation ; Nevirapine ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Virus Replication ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical, radiologic and pathologic features, as well as differential diagnosis of teratocarcinosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

METHODSLight microscopic examination and immunohistochemical study was performed in 5 cases of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features were analyzed and the literature was reviewed.

RESULTSAll 5 patients were males and their age ranged from 34 to 43 years (mean age = 39 years). The clinical presentation was nasal obstruction, epistaxis and headache. Physical examination often revealed a polypoid mass with contact bleeding. Computed tomography showed a homogeneous nasal mass with obturation of sinuses. Cystic changes, calcification or ossification was not observed. Histologically, the tumor showed a heterogeneous admixture of components from the 3 germ cell layers, exhibiting various degrees of maturation. Squamous epithelium, smooth muscle cells, chondro-osseous tissue, intestinal or respiratory type epithelium, "fetal-type" clear cells and immature neuroepithelium were commonly seen. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the epithelial component expressed cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, while the mesenchymal component variably expressed vimentin, smooth muscle actin and S-100 protein. On the other hand, the neuroepithelial component expressed neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin and chromogranin, and the primitive component expressed CD99. The initial biopsy diagnosis included capillary hemangioma, olfactory neuroblastoma, craniopharyngioma and malignant mixed tumor. Follow-up information was available in all patients. Two of which had local recurrence and 1 had cervical lymph node metastasis.

CONCLUSIONSSinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is a rare and highly malignant tumor occurring in sinonasal tract. It manifests mainly in adult males and is characterized by a complex admixture of teratomatous and carcinosarcomatous components. "Fetal-type" clear cells, squamous epithelium and immature neuroepithelium represent important histologic characteristics useful in diagnosis.

Adult ; Carcinosarcoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Nasal Cavity ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Radiography ; Teratocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery