The ancient discussion and modern clinical application regarding Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) in acupuncture verses are explored. Acupuncture verses are the summary of clinical experiences of acupuncture scholars in the past dynasties, of which the records on application of Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) mainly focused on nasal, facial and head-eye diseases, which is characterized with overall summarization, brilliant exposition, simple language, and distinctive characteristics. Nowadays, based on the ancient usage, the clinical application about these two acupoints is continuously developing. If the ancient acupuncture verses could be understood thoroughly, the clinical practice could be better guided and its effects could be improved.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

Objective Kangfuling granules can be used for the treatment of radiation damage , but its quality criteria has not been established .This paper aimed to establish the quality criteria of Kangfuling granules to control its quality . Methods Radix as-tragali and Radix angelicae sinensis in the formula both were identified qualitatively by TLC .The content of astragaloside IV was exam-ined by HPLC:Agilent Zorbax Extend-C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5μm) was used as the chromatographic column .The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-water (32:68) with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min.The evaporative light scattering detector was used to detect the compound.The content of astragaloside IV and ferulaic acid was examined by HPLC: Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 (4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm) was used as the chromatographic column .The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.085% phosphoric acid water (17:83) with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min.The wave length was 320 nm and column temperature was set at 35℃. Results The same color spot was shown in the chromatogram of the test sample and the control sample in the corresponding position with no interference of negative control.The linear range for Astragaloside IV 0.030 6 mg/mL~0.612 0 mg/mL with R2 =0.999.The RSD of stability test was 2.17%.The RSD of precision test was 1.89%.The RSD of re-peatability test was 1.58%.The average recovery was 101.26%. The linear range for ferulaic acid 0.24-4.80 μg/mL with R2 =0.999.The RSD of stability test was 1.37%.The RSD of precision test was 0.83%.The RSD of repeatability test was 1.14%.The average recovery was 98.39%.This product was tentatively calculat-ed according to the dry matter , the amount of Astragaloside IV and ferulaic acid should not be less than 0.19 mg/g and 0.08 mg/g, re-spectively. Conclusion In this study, the established TLC was used for the qualitative identification of Kangfuling granules , and the content of Astragaloside IV and ferulaic acid was not less than 0.19 mg and 0.08 mg in per gram of Kangfuling granules , respectively. The established standard is suitable for the quality control of Kangfuling granules .

Secondary metabolites are the result of that plant interaction with biological and non-biological factors in the long-term evolution process, and play an important role in plant growth, development and physiology. The effective components of medicinal plant are usually the secondary metabolites in plant cells, and the synthesis of them are affected by a variety of factors, such as environmental impact. Acquirement of the secondary metabolites via callus culture has the advantage of low cost and less environmental impact. The synthesis and accumulation of medicinal plant secondary metabolites are not only controlled by light, temperature and pH, but also infected by germplasm, plant growth regulator and elicitor. This article presents a review of the influencing factors, and provides a basis for further study and development.
Light ; Plant Growth Regulators ; metabolism ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; radiation effects ; Plants ; metabolism ; radiation effects ; Temperature

Professor DU Xiao-shan 's academic thought and clinical experiences was introduced in this paper. He has noble medical ethics and is fair to the patients without distinction. He has great learning and rich practical experiences, and he specializes in all kinds of common diseases as well as many difficult and complicated cases. He never stops studying the ancients to make innovation and he creates the technique of the quick-puncture and slow-twist and DU's heat-reinforce method. He teaches to carry forward acupuncture and moxibustion and his achievements have become an important part of acupuncture and moxibustion science.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans

The non-randomized controlled study design was adopted. A total of 90 patients with knee osteoarthritis treated in Beijing Yuetan Community Health Service Center from September 2021 to August 2022 were enrolled in the study, including 45 patients received patellar loosening and then the quadriceps femoris pain point release (successive group) and remaining 45 patients received two manipulations simultaneously (simultaneous group). Patients were treated 3 times in a week, and each time received 5 groups of manipulation. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Lysholm scores were measured before treatment, immediately after treatment and 3 months after treatment. There was no exfoliation and no adverse events in both groups. There were no significant differences in VAS and Lysholm scores between the two groups before treatment ( P>0.05). Immediately after treatment, the VAS pain score in the simultaneous group was lower than that in the successive group ((3.36±1.12) vs.(2.24±0.93), P<0.01), while the Lysholm score in the simultaneous group was higher than that in the successive group ((89.76±6.61) vs.(74.07±16.80), P<0.01); the proportion of VAS score as“painless/mild pain”(88.9% (40/45) vs.64.4% (29/45), P<0.01) and Lysholm score as “excellent/good”(91.1% (41/45) vs. 44.4% (20/45), P<0.01) in the simultaneous group was significantly higher than that in the successive groups. At 3 months after treatment, there were still significant differences in VAS and Lysholm scores between the two groups. The simultaneous manipulations of patellar loosening and quadriceps femoris pain point release can better relieve the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of a key biomarker, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), for the detection of NASH progression. Methods: A mouse NASH model was established using a high-fat diet and a high-sugar drinking water. Gene expression profile of the NASH model was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Moreover, 360 NAFLD patients (steatosis, 83; NASH, 277), 40 healthy individuals, and 87 patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited. Results: Inflammatory infiltration, focal necrosis in the leaflets, steatosis, and fibrosis were documented in the mouse liver. In total, 504 genes were differentially expressed in the livers of NASH mice, and showed significant functional enrichment in the inflammation-related category. Upregulated liver LCN2 was found to be significantly interactive with various interleukins and toll-like receptors. Serum LCN2 levels were significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Serum LCN2 levels were correlated with steatosis, intralobular inflammation, semiquantitative fibrosis score, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. The area under the curve of serum LCN2 was 0.987 with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.5% for NASH diagnosis, and 0.977 with almost the same specificity and sensitivity for steatosis. Conclusions LCN2 might be involved in the transition from NAFL to NASH by mediating inflammation. Serum LCN2 levels might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Background/Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation, hepatocellular injury, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the usefulness of a key biomarker, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), for the detection of NASH progression. Methods: A mouse NASH model was established using a high-fat diet and a high-sugar drinking water. Gene expression profile of the NASH model was analyzed using RNA sequencing. Moreover, 360 NAFLD patients (steatosis, 83; NASH, 277), 40 healthy individuals, and 87 patients with alcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited. Results: Inflammatory infiltration, focal necrosis in the leaflets, steatosis, and fibrosis were documented in the mouse liver. In total, 504 genes were differentially expressed in the livers of NASH mice, and showed significant functional enrichment in the inflammation-related category. Upregulated liver LCN2 was found to be significantly interactive with various interleukins and toll-like receptors. Serum LCN2 levels were significantly increased in NAFLD patients. Serum LCN2 levels were correlated with steatosis, intralobular inflammation, semiquantitative fibrosis score, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score. The area under the curve of serum LCN2 was 0.987 with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.5% for NASH diagnosis, and 0.977 with almost the same specificity and sensitivity for steatosis. Conclusions LCN2 might be involved in the transition from NAFL to NASH by mediating inflammation. Serum LCN2 levels might be a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of NASH.

Antitubercular Agents ; pharmacology ; Codon ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Ethambutol ; pharmacology ; Genes, Bacterial ; Mutation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; drug effects ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential association of the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene +1444C/T polymorphism with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used for the detection of CRP +1444C/T genotypes in 192 patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis and 197 healthy controls. Serum high sensitivity-CRP (hs-CRP) levels were measured by routine method.

RESULTSNo TT genotype was detected in this study. Patients with >70% stenosis had higher CC genotype compared with those with <70% stenosis after adjusting for major cerebrovascular risk factors (OR: 2.958; 95% CI: 1.198 - 7.305; P=0.019). CRP levels were significantly higher in patients than in controls. Subgroup analysis according to clinical characteristics (single or double stenosis; >70% or <70% stenosis) did not show difference in CRP levels. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of CT genotype between patients and controls, or between single and double stenosis (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe CRP +1444 CC genotype is a risk factor for >70% carotid artery stenosis. The serum CRP level is associated with the presence of carotid stenosis. However, it is not associated with the number and severity of stenosis.

Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Carotid Stenosis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

The purpose of this study is to establish COPD animal model by intra-tracheal instillation of bleomycin (BLM) once and exposure to cigarette smoke for continuous 27 d, and to observe the effects of the inhalation on the model. At the 29th day, blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis and parameters of lung function were recorded. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected to measure intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) concentration. The results showed that atomization inhaled resveratrol could alleviate rat COPD lung injury accompanied by amelioration of pathological changes, increase the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.3 s (FEV0.3) and forced vital capacity (FVC), and decrease the ICAM-1 level in BALF. The ultimate reduction of inflammatory factors was involved, at least in part, in the mechanism of resveratrol effects.
Animals ; Bleomycin ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; drug effects ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Lung ; pathology ; Lung Compliance ; drug effects ; Male ; Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate ; drug effects ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Smoking ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology