Objective To investigate the score changes of graduates majoring in clinical medicine after using the method of “role of identification”. Methods Sixty students who were undertaking internship in Endocrinology Department of Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital received three-week clinical teaching and examination. Then they got into one-week “role of identification”, and were appointed as clinical teachers to teach what they have learned during the last 3 weeks to the next batch of interns and make another examination. Scores of the two examinations were compared. Results Scores of the examination after received the method in“role of identification”improved significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion The method of“role of identification”can enhance clinical medicine graduates’ mastery of professional knowledge.

This study compared the decoction's HPLC figures of the different processed rhizomes of Cibotium barometz including the raw, the sand-baked, the wined, the steamed and the salted, on the basis of which, with the sand-baked Drynaria fortunei decoction as the positive control group, comparingall groups' decoction, concentration of which was 104.2 g x L(-1), for 4 weeks, by their effects (s-TRAP and total scores of OPG, Ca, P, IL-6, TNF-alpha and IL-1) on retinoic acid induced male rats osteoporosis. The experiment results showed the sand-baked and the wined were better than the steamed, the salted and the raw;in the processing methods' selection, the sand-baked was a better heating method than the steamed and the rice wine was the better excipient than the salt. It provided a reference to explain the processing principle of rhizomes of C. barometz and work mechanism of anti-osteoporosis.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Pteridophyta ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Tretinoin ; adverse effects

Objective:To investigate the effect of PTEN on proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and its mechanism. Methods:Stimulation of cardiac fibroblasts by high glucose, the levels of PTEN in cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cell transfection of PTEN over expression vector,the levels of PTEN in transfected cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. High glucose stimulated transfection of PTEN overexpression vector into cardiac fibroblasts,cell proliferation was detected by MTT,the levels of p-STAT3 and STAT3 in cells were detected by Western blot,STAT3 pathway blocker AG490 was added into the cell culture medium to treat the cells, cell proliferation was detected by MTT, the levels of p-STAT3 and STAT3 in cells were detected by Western blot. Results:The levels of PTEN mRNA and protein in cardiac fibroblasts after high glucose treatment were significantly lower than those in normal culture ( P＜0. 05 ) . The expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in transfected PTEN overexpressing cells was significantly higher than that in non transfected cells( P＜0. 05) . The cell proliferation activity and p-STAT3 level were significantly higher than those of normal cells after high glucose(P＜0. 05). The expression of PTEN was increased after high glucose induction,the cell proliferation activity and p-STAT3 level were decreased, the proliferation of the cells treated with AG490 decreased further. Conclusion:PTEN slows down the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts induced by high glucose by inhibiting STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the surgical prediction accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic reduction surgery using L-shaped osteotomy. Methods: Pre-and-postoperative 1-year CBCT data of 26 patients with zygomatic arch hypertrophy were imported in Proplan CMF software during 2014 Jan. to 2016 Jun., the 3D models were reconstructed for simulation of L-shaped osteotomy, characteristic landmarks were selected and 3D point measurement system was established. The measurement result were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Meanwhile, the overlap color grading charts of preoperative and simulated images were also observed. Results: The facial width, bilateral zygomatic process angle and facial width index were [(128.56±2.72) mm, (106.87±2.53)°, (108.56±3.02)°and 1.41±0.03] in postoperative result, [(129.49±2.26) mm, (108.68±2.40)°, (108.85±3.02)°and 1.42±0.03]in simulated result and [(135.45±2.45) mm, (102.50±2.60)°, (103.41±2.56)°and 1.48±0.05] in preoperative result, with significant difference between preoperative and postoperative result, or between preoperative and simulated result (P<0.05), while no significance between postoperative and simulated result (P>0.05). The soft tissue zygomatic process distance was(153.25±2.58) mm in preoperative result, (150.23±2.76)mm in postoperative result , (149.36±3.27)mm in simulated result, with no significance between any of two groups result (P>0.05). The zygomatic process distance and bilateral zygomatic process tragal distance were (126.35±2.56) mm, (68.75±2.15) mm and(68.86±3.21) mm in postoperative result, showing significant differences compared with preoperative result [(120.16±3.18) mm, (74.58±3.19) mm and(76.14±3.15) mm] and simulated result [(118.86±3.45) mm, (73.85±3.57) mm and(76.87±2.58) mm] respectively(P<0.05), while zygomatic arch distance was not statistically different among the three groups(P>0.05). It indicated that predictive accuracy of facial width, facial width index, zygomatic process angle, soft tissue zygomatic arch distance was high but the soft tissue zygomatic process distance and zygomatic process tragal distance was relatively low. Meanwhile, the color overlay image showed that predictive accuracy was not good in the zygomatic region while the zygomatic arch area was high. Conclusions The predictive accuracy of Proplan CMF software for zygomatic arch hypertrophy is relatively high except for the zygomatic region. Further improvement of the CMF software is needed.

OBJECTIVE: To derive the formulae for likelihood ratio calculation in discriminating full sibling from half sibling with single-parent participation or without parent participation. METHODS: Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis were established for discriminating full sibling from half sibling in two circumstances: two children with single-parent and without parent participation. Conditional probabilities of the genetic evidentiary under null and alternative hypotheses were calculated according to the Bayesian theory. The likelihood ratios were established with the conditional probability under alternative hypothesis division that under null hypothesis, followed with simplification. All the formulae were validated in a real case. RESULTS: While mother or fathers' genetic information available in differentiating full sibling from half sibling, 14 different genotype combinations could be shared by the two detected children at a given locus and the likelihood ratio could be calculated with 5 different formulae respectively. While both parents' genetic information unavailable, 11 different genotype combinations could be shared and the likelihood ratio could be calculated with 7 different formulae respectively. It was validated in a real case that the power of the likelihood ratio method developed for discriminating full sibling from half sibling with single-parent participation was higher than that of the ratio of full sibling index over half sibling index. CONCLUSION The formulae of likelihood ratio developed are useful for discriminating full sibling from half sibling with single-parent participation or without parent participation.
Algorithms ; Alleles ; Bayes Theorem ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, X/genetics* ; Female ; Forensic Genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; Models, Genetic ; Parents ; Siblings ; Tandem Repeat Sequences/genetics*

In recent years, worldwide surveys of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dogs have been reported. However, only limited surveys of T. gondii infection in police dogs have been available, including China. In the present study, we report the seroprevalence of T. gondii in police dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Sera from 291 police dogs were examined for T. gondii antibodies with the modified agglutination test (MAT), and 30.9% animals were tested seropositive. The results of the present study indicated a relatively high prevalence of T. gondii infection in police dogs in Shenyang, China.
Agglutination Tests/veterinary ; Animals ; Antibodies, Protozoan/*blood ; China/epidemiology ; Dog Diseases/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Toxoplasma/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/*epidemiology/parasitology

BACKGROUNDStatins improve arterial stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Hypertension is a predominant contributor of arterial stiffening. However, the influence of hypertension on the effect of statins for improving arterial stiffness in CAD patients has seldom been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the relationships between statin use and arterial stiffness in normotensive and hypertensive CAD patients.

METHODSBrachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) was measured in 437 patients, including 220 hypertensive CAD patients (121 used statins, 99 did not) and 217 normotensive CAD patients (105 used statins, 112 did not). The normotensive and hypertensive CAD patients were matched according to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).

RESULTSIn the normotensive and hypertensive CAD patients, lipid profiles were significantly improved in the statin group compared with the non-statin group. No significant differences in the administered statins (i.e., atorvastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and pravastatin) and statin therapy duration were found between normotensive and hypertensive CAD patients (all P > 0.05). No significant correlation of ba-PWV and statin therapy duration was found in all CAD patients, normotensive CAD patients, or hypertensive CAD patients (all P > 0.05). ba-PWV in the statin group was significantly lower than that in the non-statin group in normotensive CAD patients ((1331.68 ± 167.52) cm/s vs. (1468.61 ± 244.54) cm/s, P = 0.002) but not in hypertensive CAD patients (P > 0.05). In multiple linear regression analyses, statin therapy was significantly associated with ba-PWV after adjusting for confounding variables in normotensive CAD patients (P = 0.018) but not in hypertensive CAD patients (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSStatins may significantly improve arterial stiffness in CAD patients, and hypertension may probably influence the effectiveness of statin therapy in improving arterial stiffness in this population. Further studies are required to investigate the effect of statins on arterial stiffness in normotensive and hypertensive CAD patients.

Aged ; Ankle Brachial Index ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Vascular Stiffness ; drug effects ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo study the impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) on body mass index (BMI) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-four girls with ICPP were enrolled. Fifty-seven out of the 134 girls were treated with GnRHa for 1.69±0.43 years. The height, weight, bone age and BMI were measured before treatment, at the end of the treatment and after reaching near adult height and compared with those in the untreated 77 girls.

RESULTSThe adult predicted height standard deviation score (SDS) at the end of treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment (P<0.01) and was similar to the target height SDS in the GnRHa treatment group (P>0.05). With GnRHa treatment, the near-adult height SDS was higher than the target height SDS (P<0.01). At the end of treatment, the BMI SDS slightly increased compared with pretreatment level (P>0.05). A significant reduction in the BMI was observed when reaching the near-adult height in the GnRHa treatment group compared to the level of pretreatment and the untreated group (P<0.01). However, the BMI in the GnRHa treatment group before treatment, at the end of the treatment and after reaching near adult height remained in the normal range (±1 SD).

CONCLUSIONSGnRHa may improve the final height in girls with ICPP. The alterations of BMI after GnRHa therapy fluctuate in a normal range.

Body Height ; drug effects ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Puberty, Precocious ; drug therapy ; physiopathology

[Objective]To investigate the influence of healthy walking intervention on risk factors of noncommunicable chronic disease in occupational population, and to explore the suitable mode of exercise intervention for occupational population in Shanghai. [Methods]Before and after healthy walking intervention were compared the changes of body weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat rate, visceral fat index, over-weight and obesity rate, central obesity rate, blood-pressure controlling rate. [Results]Weight, BMI, waist circumference, body fat percentage, viscera index, SBP and DBP all reduced after100 days of healthy walking, and the results were (1.52 ± 2.75) kg (Z =-21.99, P < 0.01) , (0.55 ±1.03) kg/m2 (Z =-21.64, P<0.01) , (2.10±5.27) cm (Z =-17.62, P<0.01) , (0.31±4.59) ％ (Z=-3.48, P < 0.01) , (0.12 ± 1.99) (Z =-2.70, P < 0.01) , (2.51 ± 10.87) mm Hg (Z =-9.35, P <0.01) and (1.67±8.26) mm Hg (Z =-9.06, P < 0.01). The rate of over-weight and obesity decreased7.86％, the rate of central obesity decreased 6.92％, and the rate of blood-pressure controlling increased2.72％. There were significant difference between the three indicators before and after healthy walking (χ2= 916.48, P< 0.01; χ2= 585.90, P < 0.01; χ2= 366.37, P < 0.01). [Conclusion] Healthy walking could reduce occupational population' s over-weight and obesity rate, central obesity rate, and increase blood-pressure controlling rate. The risk factors of un-communicable chronic disease have improved significantly. Healthy walking plays a positive role in the prevention and control of chronic diseases.

The "Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Control of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases in Shanghai (2018-2030)" was officially released in August 2018.From the perspective of public health, this paper analyzes the background of the plan from the epidemic situation, response and challenges Shanghai City is facing, expounds the comprehensive prevention and control system of chronic diseases including four functional systems, and explains the key preventive and control measures on the different stages of chronic diseases, comparing the evaluation indicators with those of the national plan.This paper will help to better understand the new blueprint for the prevention and control of chronic diseases in Shanghai in the next ten years.