Objective To investigate the causes, management, and prevention of complications in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Methods A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of 4413 cases of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery from September 1995 to June 2006 in this hoapital. Results Among 4413 cases, complications occurred in 71 cases, the overall rate being 1.6% (71/4413). Out of the 71 cases, an open surgery was required in 10 cases (14.1%). Complications included 5 cases of bladder injury, 4 cases of intestinal injury, 5 cases of massive haemorrhage, 8 cases of incision hematoma and drainage bleeding, 1 case of greater omentum hernia, 9 cases of perineal emphysema, 12 cases of skin congestion, 2 cases of head hematoma, 2 cases of brachial plexus nerve injury, 1 case of infective shock, 15 cases of abnormal incision healing, 1 case of lower limb thrombosis, and 6 cases of residual cervical cyst. Conclusions Complications of laparoscopic gynecologic surgery are correlated with the difficulty of operation and the skillfulness of operator.

Objective:To elucidate the role of dpc4 gene in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Methods:DMBA at 5 g/L was locally applied in check pouch 3 times a week for 6,9 and 12 weeks respectively in three groups of golden hamasters to induce carcinoma.The animals were sacrificed after DMBA application.Normal controls were the check pouch samples of golden hamasters without any treatment and negative controls were established by local application of acetone for 12 weeks.DPC4 4 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining.Results:DPC4 expression was observed in all(22) cases of the normal epithelium samples(100%),20 of the 21 cases of simple hyperplasia(95.2%),20 of the 27 cases of abnormal hyperplasia(74.1%) and 12 of the 25 cases of squomous cell carcinoma(48%).Conclusion:dpc4 may play an important role in the development of oral squomous cell carcinoma.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the data of patients with T3N0-1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) who underwent radiotherapy (RT) alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), and to investigate the relationship between therapeutic modality and prognosis. Methods From January 2004 to December 2004, 781 patients with biopsy-proven newly diagnosed non-metastatic NPC were analyzed in Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, who had MRI data of nasopharynx and neck. With restaged based on the Chinese 2008 staging system, 82 cases of T3N0-1M0 patients who were treated by RT alone or CCRT were enrolled. They were divided into group A (46 cases, RT) and group B (36 cases, CCRT). Results The clinical data was comparable between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival rate (OS) was 93.5 % (group A) and 100 % (group B)(P =0.046), while the 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS) was 85.2 % (group A) and 91.7 % (group B) (P =0.498). N-Staging was the factor affecting the DFS. Stratified analysis showed that the 5-year OS of T3N0M0 patients was 94.7 % (group A) and 100 % (group B) (P =0.432), those of T3N1M0 patients were 92.6 %(group A) and 100 %(group B) (P =0.066), while the 5-year DFS was 73.7 % (group A) and 89.3 % (group B) (P =0.244). Multifactor analysis showed that CCRT was not the independent factor affecting the OS(HR =0.019; 95 % CI, 0 to 21.793), and N-stage was not the independent factor affecting the DFS (HR = 0.203; 95 % CI, 0.135 to 1.231×104). Conclusion For T3N0M0, NPC patients, CCRT is not superior to RT alone. Whether CCRT can improve survival of T3N1M0 NPC patients needs further study.

Objective To assess the efficacy and feasibility of neoadjuvant therapy of TPF regimen including docetaxel (TAX), cisplatin (DDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) combined with concurrent DDP and radiotherapy (RT) in patients with local advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods From April 2008 to May 2009, 40 patients with newly diagnosed UICC stage Ⅲ orⅣ local advanced NPC were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to group A(DDP every 3 weeks) and group B(DDP every week). Two cycles of induction chemotherapy with TAX 60 mg/m2 dl, DDP 60 mg/m3 dl and 5-Fu 600 mg/m2 dl-5 were given on a 3-weekly cycle, followed by RT and chemotherapy(group A: DDP 80 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 2 times; group B: DDP 30 mg/m2 weekly for 6 times). Two-dimension conformal RT technique with 68-72 Gy/(34-36) fractions for 7 weeks was administered to the nasopharynx and 60-66 Gy/(30-33) fractions for 6-6.5 weeks to the node-positive area. Results 38 patients (78 Cycles) were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. One patient in each group was excluded due to toxicity. 17 (17/19) patients of group A finished 2 cycles of planed DDP chemotherapy, while only 10 (10/19) patients of group B completed 6 weeks of planed DDP chemotherapy, 4 completed 5 weeks, 4 completed 4 weeks and 1 completed 2 weeks. Response to neoadjuvant TPF was as follows: 4 patients (10.5 %) achieved complete response(CR), 27(71.1%) achieved partial response(PR) and 7 (18.4 %) achieved stable disease (SD), so the overall response (CR+PR) rate was 81.6 %. After RT, 32 patients (84.2 %) achieved CR, 5 (13.2 %) PR and 1 (2.6 %) SD, so the overall response rate was 97.4 %. Conclusion TPF induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent DDP and RT is an effective regimen in the treatment of advanced NPC. Concurrent DDP chemotherapy on a 3-weekly cycle is recommended. Further study should be made to investigate how to increase the dose intensity of chemotherapy.

Filamentous fungi are widely used for large-scale production of cellulases. Morphological characteristics of mycelia under submerged condition are closely correlated with cellulases productivity. In order to find out the critical genes involved in the mycelial morphology development and cellulases production in liquid fermentation, 95 Neurospora crassa morphological mutants (named as SZY1-95) were screened for cellulases production. Compared with the wild type, cellulases production in four mutants SZY32, SZY35, SZY39 and SZY43 were significantly decreased, whereas mutants SZY63, SZY69, SZY87 and SZY11 produced much more cellulases than that of the wild type strain. Meanwhile, endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity, beta-glucosidase activity, viscosity of broth and dry weight of these mutants were measured. The mycelial morphology of the mutants was also studied by microscope. Particularly, pellets were formed in mutant SZY11 and SZY43, whose viscosities were 25% and 50% of the wild type strain, respectively. Mutant SZY87 appeared long hyphae, and the viscosity of its broth was at least 2 folds of the wild type strain. These results indicate that a single gene deletion could influence the mycelial morphology in liquid fermentation, and increased the cellulases production. The low-viscosity related genes identified in our study will be the potential candidates for genetic modification of filamentous fungi.
Cellulases ; biosynthesis ; Fermentation ; Gene Deletion ; Industrial Microbiology ; Neurospora crassa ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Some researches demonstrate that jog stress at fracture part can promote formation of callus, but molecular biological mechanism of jog stress on fracture healing is still unclear.OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of jog stress at fracture site on basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)at broken parts.DESIGN:Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING:Department of Orthopaedics,General Hospital of the Second Artilleryman of Chinese PLA;Departments of Orthopaedics and Pharmacy,the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory,the First Affiliated Hospital of General Hospital of Chinese PLA and the 8th Laboratory,Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA from March 2003 to April 2004.A total of 72 healthy purebred New Zealand rabbits,of general grade,5-6 months old,weighing 2.5-3.0 kg,were provided by Animal Center of Academy of Military Medical Sciences of Chinese PLA.All rabbits were randomly divided into jog group and fixation group with 36 rabbits in each group.And then,every 6 rabbits in both groups were respectively observed at 6 time points,including 7,14,21,28,42 and 56 days.METHODS:All animals were anesthetized with ketamine and sumian xinji.Fixation needle was rotated into 3,3.5,5.5 and 6 cm below platform of tibia,respectively,and then external fixators were installed.Chuck which was located at 1.5 cm from internal cortical bone and 4.5 cm below platform of tibia crossly cut off tibia.Fracture space was 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm in the fixation group and jog group,respectively.Animals in the fixation group were fixed with unilateral external fixator to dissect replace fracture part.In addition,animals in the jog group cut off their bone,fixed,and moved 0.5 mm to axis along central staff of external fixator.Animals were able to freely walk and external fixator was slightly shaken based on body mass of animal.Furthermore,all animals were sacrificed at 7,14,21,28,42 and 56 days after operation.According to the center of fracture part,samples in 1 cm length were cut,divided and fixed for 12 hours.Quantitative analysis of bFGF and colorized intensity were detected with immunohistochemical stain and JVC imaging analytic system at 7,14,21,28,42 and 56 days after operation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Detecting colored intensity of bFGF;②quantitative analysis of bFGF.RESULTS:A total of 72 rabbits were involved in the final analysis bFGF could express in interstitial cells,vascular endothelial cell,osteoblast,chondroblast and osteocyte plasma.At 14,21 and 28 days after operation,positive indexes of bFGF protein in the jog group were 1.98±0.14,2.04±0.12 and 2.13±0.17,respectively,which were obviously higher than those in fixation group(1.59±0.14,1.68±0.15,1.63±0.27,P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Jog stress can increase numbers of bFGF at fracture part and promote fracture healing.

Adult ; Electromagnetic Fields ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Immunity ; radiation effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Railroads

The association of serum uric acid ( SUA ) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ( ACR ) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was explored. The ACR abnormal rate was higher in hyperuricemia group( P＜0.01 ). ACR level was positively correlated with SUA( P＜0.01 ). The general linear model showed that SUA was a risk factor in ACR. Patients with hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus were apt to have abnormal ACR and develop early renal damage.

This study was purposed to investigate the amplification of CD3(-)CD56(+)NK cells in umbilical cord blood and their change of immunophenotype and cytotoxicity after stimulation with IL-2 and IL-15. Mononuclear cells were isolated from umbilical cord blood and cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with IL-2 or (and) IL-15 for 14 d. The subset level of CD3(-)CD56(+)NK cells and expression of CD16, CD62L, NKG2A, NKG2D, NCR44, NCR46, granzyme B and perforin were analyzed by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of NK cells to K562 was detected by WST-1 method. The results showed that NK cells stimulated with IL-2, IL-15 and IL-2/IL-15 were amplified by 10.78 ± 2.51, 10.42 ± 3.72, and 10.54 ± 6.24 times respectively after 14 d, there was no statistically significant difference between these three groups. The expression of CD16 decreased obviously in NK cells after amplification; there was significant difference between IL-2 and IL-15 groups. The expression of CD62L was not changed statistically after stimulation with cytokines, the IL-2 down-regulated the expressions of NKG2A and NCR46, while IL-15 showed the opposite effect. IL-2 or IL-15 displayed upregulation effect on the expression of NKG2D, perforin and NCR44, but there was statistically significant difference between effects of these two cytokines. IL-15 up-regulated the expression of granzyme B on NK cells. The cytotoxicity of NK cells stimulated and amplified by cytokines significantly increased, but there was no statistically significant difference between IL-2 and IL-15. It is concluded that IL-2 or IL-15 can effectively amplify umbilical cord blood NK cells under serum-free conditions. Although the immunophenotype associated with NK cells function showed different characteristics between them, however, cytotoxicity of NK cells increased obviously after amplification and there is no statistically significant difference between effect of these two cytokines, their synergistic effect is not obvious. The cytotoxicity of NK cells is the result from combined effect of all active molecules.
Cells, Cultured ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Interleukin-15 ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-2 ; pharmacology ; K562 Cells ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic significance of different pathology techniques (Immunohistochemistry and ISH)to detect EBV on bone marrow biopsy tissues of hemophagocytic syndrome. Methods Histological,immunohistochemicalandinsituhybridizationwereusedtostudythe hemophagocytic features and expression of LMP-1,EBER and other markers.Results25 out of 51 cases (49.0 ％)showed an active proliferation growth pattern while other 12 cases(23.5 ％)demonstrated a deterioration morphological character compared with their same age group. The left 14 cases (27.5 ％) showed a normal myeloproliferative pattern. 91.4 ％ (32/35) expressed CD68/KP-1 and 89.5 ％ (17/19) cases expressed CD68/PG-M1, which showed an abnormal increase of monocytes. 26 out of 51 cases (51.0 ％) were positive for EBER,while EBER and immunohistochemistry on LMP-1 were detected simultaneously in 41 cases.The EBER were positive in 19 cases(46.3 ％)but none for LMP-1(P =0.000).ConclusionHypoplasia or hemophagocytic features could be detected on bone marrow biopsy tissues of hemophagocytic syndrome, which might be slightly difficult to diagnose. So immunohistochemistry would be essential. Meanwhile, the detection of EBER is more helpful than LMP-1 for diagnosis.