Forty eight female Sprague-Dawley rats received a subcutaneous implant containing 12.5 mg estradiol ant the age of 3 weeks. Three rats were killed in 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks and in every month during 2~12 months after implantation, and the breasts were examined by light microscope. In all rats, enlargement of terminal end buds was obseved in 1~2 weeks, maximum development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in 3 weeks, and marked dilatation and secretion of alveoli or ducts in 1~12 months after implantation. Ductal epithelial hyperplasia was observed in 27 rats and carcinomas developed in 23 rats in 2~12 months after implantation. It was thought that the changes induced by estradiol are more similar to the human breast lesions, compared with changes induced by chemical carcinogens such as dimethylbenzanthracene(DMBA), because breast carcinomas developed in close relationship with ductal epithelial hyperplasia in both estradiol-treated rats and humans, but not in DMBA-treated rats.
Female ; Humans ; Rats ; Animals ; Carcinogens

There are various reports referring to the clinical siignificances and removal of postgastrectomy bezoar. In this case, suture thread were thought to he the important factor of the bezoar formation, This bezoar was removed intaetly uaing fiber-optic endoscope in patinet who had postgastrectomy bezoar, by cutting the thread by biopsy forceps.
Bezoars* ; Biopsy ; Endoscopes ; Surgical Instruments ; Sutures*

Thirty-three cases of the fracture of the femur and tibia on the same limb were treated at the Orthopedic Department of the Chosun University Hospital during the period from January 1977 to December 1983. The following results were obtained. 1. The incidence of trauma was high in the young man, most frequent in the third decade (45.4%). 2. The most common cause of the fracture was traffic accident (81;8%). 3. The most common shape of the fracture was comminuted in both femur and tibia. 4. The common fracture site were middle one-third in both femur and tibia. 5. Eight patients were treated by conservative means on both femxr and tibia. The patients were treated by internal fixation on femur and by conservative means on tibia. Internal fixation was .done in ten patients on both femur and tibia. Two patients were treated by inteinal fixation on tibia and by conservative means on femur. Three patients were amputated. 6. Average healing time of fracture was 21 weeks in femur and 24.2 weeks in tibia. 7. Functional end results were assessed and rated with satisfactory results in rigid internal fixation of the femur and tibia.
Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Extremities ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inteins ; Orthopedics ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Humans ; Twins, Monozygotic*

PURPOSE: We investigated the optimal orientation of femoral tunnel in PCL reconstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five cadaver knees were used for this study. We made the tibial tunnel at the center of foot-print of posterior cruciate ligament, at an angle of 45o to the long axis of the tibia using the Kirschner wire. The femoral tunnel was made 11mm posterior to the articular cartilage margin of medial femoral condyle. The orientation of the femoral tunnel was made on the expolated line between two points, namely the placement of the femoral tunnel on lateral wall of medial femoral condyle and the opening of the tibial tunnel in full extension of knee. We measured the angles between the tunnel and wire on roentgenogram which passed through the femoral and tibial tunnel. RESULT: On the anteroposterior view, the angle of the graft to the long axis of the femur became acute during flexion. The angle of the graft to the long axis of the femur on the coronal plane changed from 12.6o to 154.9o with flexion from 0o to 105o. The angle of the graft to the long axis of the femur on sagittal plane changed from 137.0o to 45.1o with flexion from 0o to 105o. These results suggest that optimal graft-tunnel divergence (GTD) is obtained when the angle of graft to the long axis of the femur are 83.8o on the coronal plane and about 91o on the sagittal plane. CONCLUSION: To obtain optimal orientation of the femoral tunnel, the opening of the femoral tunnel should be located as near as possible to the margin of the articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cadaver ; Cartilage, Articular ; Femur ; Knee ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Tibia ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to compare abstract reasoning in patients with mental disorders;Depression, Schizophrenia, Organic Brain Syndrome(OBS), and normal control group using Standard Progressive Matrices(SPM), known as a test measuring visual pattern matching ability and reasoning ability by analogy. METHODS: SPM test in Vienna Test System was administered to 82 normal adults, 29 schizophrenic patients, 22 depression patients, and 32 OBS patients. SPM total score and 5 subtest scores in four groups were compared, using ANOVA and post-hoc comparison. SPM subtest scores in OBS and normal group were compared, using discriminant function analysis. RESULTS: SPM total score and all subtest scores in mental disorders group(schizophrenia, depression, OBS) were lower than in normal control group. SPM total score and all subtest scores in OBS group were lower than in schizophrenia and depression group. No difference between SPM total score in Schizophrenia and depression group was found. Discriminant function of B, E subtest was the hightest. CONCLUSION: The impairment of higher cognitive function, especially abstract reasoning impairment in OBS, was qualitatively different from that of schizophrenia and depression. SPM can differentiate specific pattern of abstract reasoning impairment in mental disorders, so SPM can be used not only as a substitute for intelligence test but also as a neuropsychological test.
Adult ; Brain ; Depression ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Mental Disorders* ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Cell Cycle* ; Humans* ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Stress, Mechanical*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to compare executive functions in patients with Organic Brain Syndrome(OBS), Schizophrenia, Depression and normal control group with Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Computer Version (WCST). METHODS: WCST was administered to 82 normal adults, 32 OBS patients, 29 schizophrenic patients, and 22 depressive patients. WCST 16 indices in four groups were compared, using ANOVA and posthoc comparison. WCST performance was examined by factor analysis on the 15 indices of WCST on total subjects and the factor scores were compared. RESULT: WCST 16 indices in mental disorders (OBS, Schizophrenia, Depression) were lower than those of control groups. Three factors were derived from the analysis. These consisted of 'perseveration', 'nonperseverative error' and 'inefficient sorting'. Comparing factor scores, differences in 'perseverative error' factor and 'inefficient sorting' factor were found. CONCLUSION: The impairment of higher cognitive functions, especially executive function impairment in OBS and schizophrenia, was qualitatively different from those of depression and normal control groups. WCST can differentiate specific pattern of executive function impairment in mental disorders.
Adult ; Brain ; Depression ; Executive Function* ; Humans ; Mental Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Wisconsin*

No abstract available.
Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation of Lung, Congenital* ; Lung*

Congenital unilateral agenesis of pulmonary artery is a rare anomaly and it usually occurs in association with other cardiac anomaly such as tetralogy of Fallot. Since most patients affected by this defect without associated congenital cardiac anomaly or pulmonary infection are asymptomatic, the clinical diagnosis of this anomaly is first recognized by a characteristic pattern in chest roentgenogram taken as a routine checking; the findings on chest film sonsists of cardiac and mediastinal displacement, absence of the pulmonary arterial shadow, smaller hemithorax, and elevationof the hemidiaphragm, all on the affected side. We experienced right pulmonary artery agenesis in a 48 year-old male, who complained of massive hemoptysis, and it was diagnosed by digital subtraction pulmonary arteriogram and perfusin scan, and treated by right middle and lower lobe bi-lobectomy, and we report this case with the review of relevant literatures.
Diagnosis ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Artery* ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thorax