Trichomonas tenax(T. tenax) and Trichomonas hominis (T. hominis) were collected, cultured and sampled for comparative microscopical studies using electron microscope. Both flagellates were oval in shape and surrounded by a distinct outer membrane. Five recurrent flagella and one anterior flagellum had, each, 9 paris of peripheral and 1 pair of central fibrils, Undulating membrane was curved over the recurrent flagella, and bended in the middle at right angles with cell surface. Cytostome, engulfing bacteria, was observed in T. hominis. In the cytoplasm, there were fine dense glycogen particles, and vacuoles containing ingested materials. Dense pigment rods were also observed in both flagellates, but the rods were not distributed around the vacuoles in T. hominis. In T. tenax axostyle appeared as a cup-shaped structure comprising a single row of 41 fibrils, each about 120 a in diameter. It enclosed glycogen particles, and the open side was faced to the nucleus. Endoplasmic reticulum was observed around the nucleus, but it was less developed in T. hominis. Nucleus was ovoid having double nuclear membrane, which was clearly defined in T. hominis. Blepharoplast, parabasal body, Golgi appartus and mitochondrion was not observed in both flagellates.
parasitology-protozoa-Trichomonas tenax-Trichomonas hominis ; electron microscopy

We have investigated an immunohistochemical expression of the Human-Ha-ras oncogene product p21 in tumor cells of the primary mass and metastatic lymph nodes with different histological features of gastric cancer by using avidinbiotin complex immunoperoxidase method in formalin-fixed tissue sections from 73 cases of primary tumor mass and 23 cases of metastatic lymph node. Histologic type of the gastric cancer was classification. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Expression of Ha-ras p21 was consistantly increased in the well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma as compared with poorly differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma (p<0.01), and was substantially decreased in mucinous carcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. 2) Signet ring cell carcinoma showed that positive immunoperoxidase reaction for Ha-ras p21 exhibited in the majority of immature signet ring cell with scant cytoplasm rather than in the mature signet ring cells which have abundant cytoplasm filled with mucin. This findings indicate that mucin production from the tumor cell was not correlated with activation of ras gene in the tumor tissue of gastric carcinoma. 3) In general Ha-ras p21 expression was enhanced in the metastatic tumor cells of the regional lymph node compared with primary tumor, especially it was consistantly increase in the well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma.
Humans ; Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

Apraclonidine is a potent alpha-adrenergic agonist that, like clonidine, is relatively selective for alpha-2 receptors. Apraclonidine has been shown to lower intraocular pressure by diminishing aqueous humor formation. The purpose of this study is to know the morphological changes in the ciliary epithelium by apraclonidine against aqueous formation. In group I, two drops of 1% apraclonidine hydrochloride were instilled on the right eye of the pigmented rabbits and the eyes were enucleated on 1,2.6 and 24 hours after instillation to find out the duration of action of the drug and the tissue response. In group II, one drop was instilled twice daily for seven days on the right eye and the eyes were enucleated on 1, 2 and 5 days after cessation of the instillation observing the cumulative effect of the drug and the tissue response. These eyes were studied with electron mIcroscopIc examiation. As a result, widening of cell membranes(basal infoldings) of the non-pigmented epithelium(NPE) were observed. This change was recovered with time, and seems to be the principal morphological changes of apraclonidine against aqueous formation in the ciliary body. In group II, the cellular changes were minimal except for well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum representing resumed secretary function of the cell.
Rabbits ; Animals

This study investigated the antidepressant efficacy and it's impact on the quality of life of depressed patients. We performed Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HDRS), and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), and Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire(HQLQ) to both tricyclic antidepressant(TCA) and sertraline groups. There were 16 subjects in the study. The tricyclic group had 9 subjects and the sertraline group had 7. The TCA and sertraline produced a similar degree of response. Both groups experienced a reduction of 70% or more in mean HDRS and MADRS total score after 6wks. In HQLQ, the TCAs group also showed improved bed disability days, alertness behavior, and social interaction, the sertraline group showed improved health perception, alertness behavior, home management, and social interaction. We suggested that the improvement of "Quality of life" were not in proportion to the clinical symptom's improvement. Therefore, clinicians should consider the benefit of antidepressant treatment in terms of quality of life.
Depression ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Quality of Life* ; Sertraline

The phamacotherapy of depression has reduced morbidity and improved outcome for many depressive patients. A wide range of classical and new antidepressants are available for their treatment. However, 30-40% of all patients do not respond sufficiently to the initial treatment and present adverse effects. Pharmacogenetics studies the genetic basis of an individual's ability to respond to pharmacotherapy. Recently, some reports on serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and their influence on the response to antidepressive therapy provide an interesting diagnostic tool in assessing the chances of response to antidepressants. We also investigated the relationship between serotonin transprter polymorphisms(5-HTTLPR) and the long-term effect of the antidepressant treatment. 128 depressive patients were enrolled into 2nd year study. The therapeutic response of each subset was not different at 8th, 16th week. but the subset with homozygote(l/l) of long variant showed a better therapeutic response to antidepressant than the heterozygote(l/s) of long and short variant, which showed a better therapeutic response than the subset with homozygote(s/s) of short variant at 1st year and 2nd year after the antidepressant treatment. This result shows that the serotonin transporter polymorphisms may be related to the long-term effect of antidepressant treatment. The potential for pharmacogenomics. the use of genetic increasing attention pharmacogenomics will contribute to individualize drug choice by using genotype to predict positive clinical outcomes, adverse reactions, and levels of drug metabolism. Personalized medicine the use of marker-assisted diagnosis and targeted therapies derived from an individual molecular profile, will impact the antidepressant therapy and this approach will replace the traditional trial-and-error practice of medicine.
Antidepressive Agents ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Genotype ; Humans ; Precision Medicine ; Metabolism ; Pharmacogenetics* ; Serotonin ; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Scrotal calcinosis, consisting of solitary or multiple circumscribed calcium deposits within the dermis of the scrotum, is generally assumed to be one the idiopathic type of calcinosis. We present herein a case of serotal calcinosis associated with scrotal epidermal cysts in a 29-year-old male patient who had multiple, 2 to 6mm sized, yellowish or flesh colored nodules in the dermis, Histopathologically multiple ncdules showed intact epidermal cyzts, an epidermal cyst with a partialIy degenerated wall and surrounding foreign body reaction, and calcium deposits with foreign body reaction in the dermis without an epithelial lining around calcium deposit. Therefore, idiopathic scrotal calcinosis may repreeent the end stage of dystrophic calcificati.on associated with inflammation of the scrotal epidermal cysts.
Adult ; Calcinosis* ; Calcium ; Dermis ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Male ; Scrotum

The congenital tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia of the esophagus is considered a rare variant, and the literature concerned to the tracheoesophageal fistula fistula without atresia is little in adult especially. The 22-year-old male was admitted to Yeungnam University Hospital with his chief complaints of weight loss (6 kg/6 months), abdominal discomfort, and intermittent coughing. The diagnosis was made by the endoscopy and esophagography. The fistula was 1.5 cm in diameter, 0.5 cm in length. The level was around second thoracic vertebra. The operation was performed transpleurally through the right third intercostals space and the fistula was secured with interrupted silk suture after division. The fibrotic adhesion was seen around the tracheoesophageal fistula. The postoperative course was uneventful, and postoperative esophagogram revealed no extraluminal leakage. Herewith we report this unusual case of isolated tracheo-esophageal fistula with review of literatures.
Adult ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Esophagus* ; Fistula ; Humans ; Male ; Silk ; Spine ; Sutures ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula* ; Weight Loss ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prostate* ; Ultrasonics* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction* ; Urinary Bladder*

We present herein 3 cases of early secondary syphilis with simultaneous primary syphilitic lesions. These cases developed primary syphilitic lesions four to six weeks after sexual contact and lasted six to ten weeks thereafter until the secondary syphilitic lesions appeared. All three patients showed a strong positive for the STS. Spirochetes were seen under dark field examination of the primary syphilitic lesions, Histopathologically, numerous plasma cells around capillaries and endothelial hyperplasia were seen in the dermis.
Capillaries ; Dermis ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Plasma Cells ; Spirochaetales ; Syphilis*

This study was designed to compare the level of medical utilization between the urban and rural areas of Korea and to explain the differences between the two regions. Data from the National Health Interview survey performed by the korean Institute of Health & social Affairs in 1992 were used for this study utilizing a sample size of 21,841 people. The level of medical utilization such as the number of physician visits and the number of hospital admissions was compared between the regions with ANOVA. Various determinants for medical use were also compared by univariate analysis. Statistical models which included enabling factors, predisposing factors, need factors and region were constructed for bivariate analysis in order to further elucidate the level of medical utilization. The results were as follows: 1. There was greater medical use, both in terms of physician visits and inpatient care in the rural areas in spite of insufficient health resources. The particular reasons for higher medical utilization in rural areas were attributed to a higher number of initial physician visits as well as a longer the length of stay per hospital admission. Therefore, indicators representing the degree of met need (utilization/need) showed no significant difference between rural and urban areas in spite of the fact that the medical need is larger in rural areas. 2. Use of public health facilities received a significant portion of physician visits in the rural area. The government's effort to enhance primary health care through health centers, health subcenters and the nurse practitioner's post in rural areas has contributed to the increase of access to medical care in the rural areas. 3. There were some differences in the socio-demographic characteristics between two regions; There were more elderly people over the age of 65; unstable marital status, less education and lower incomes also characterized the rural areas. Therefore, among rural people, there were more predisposing factors for medical use. Additionally, need factors such as poor self-reported health status and high morbidity level were also high in the rural area. 4. In contrast it was learned that, the supply of health resources was mostly concentrated in the urban areas except for public health facilities. Therefore, geographical access to medical care was lower in the rural area both in terms travel time and travel cost. 5. The coefficient of the region variable was insignificant in the regression model which controlled the supply factor only However, utilization was significantly higher in urban areas if the model included predisposing factors and need factors in addition to the supply factor. The results were interpreted as rural people have greater medical needs.
Aged ; Causality ; Education ; Health Resources ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Korea* ; Length of Stay ; Marital Status ; Models, Statistical ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health ; Sample Size