OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for determining the contents of protocatechuic acid,rutin,gallic acid and kaempferol in Uygur medicine Capparis spinosa. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Agilent C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(7∶93,V/V)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 327 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃ and volume was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 0.260 0-50.0 μg for protocatechuic ac-id(r=0.995 6),3.109 0-102.0 μg for rutin(r=0.999 9),1.018 0-40.0 μg for gallic acid (r=0.998 9) and 0.063 0-36.0 μg for kaempferol(r=0.998 8);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all no more than 1.20%;average recoveries were respectively 101.51%(RSD=1.85%,n=6),99.70%(RSD=1.23%,n=6),98.28%(RSD=1.86%,n=6) and 100.97%(RSD=1.74%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is specific,and can fast and accurately determine the contents of protocate-chuic acid,rutin,gallic acid and kaempferol in Uygur medicine C. spinosa.

RhoA, a small GTPase, is involved in a wide array of cellular functions in the central nervous system, such as cell motility, cytoskeleton rearrangement, transcriptional regulation, phagocytosis and cell growth. It is not known how spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the expression of RhoA in different nerve cells. In the present study, we investigated the changes of RhoA expression in remote areas of the injury at the 3rd, 7th and 30th day after SCI, which was established by T10 contusion method. Moreover, we examine its expression profile in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. RhoA was found to be weakly expressed in these nerve cells in normal spinal cord. Western blotting showed that, after SCI, the total RhoA expression was up-regulated, and the RhoA expression was increased and peaked at the 7th day. Double immunostaining revealed specific and temporal expression patterns of RhoA in different nerve cells. The expression of RhoA in neurons started to increase at day 3, peaked at day 7 and then decreased slightly at day 30. Expression of RhoA in astrocytes increased moderately after SCI and peaked at day 7. There was no obvious change in RhoA expression in microglia after SCI in remote areas. This study demonstrated that, after SCI, RhoA expression exhibited different patterns with different nerve cells of spinal cord. RhoA expression patterns also changed with time after SCI, and among different nerve cells in the injured spinal cord. These findings can help us better understand the roles of RhoA in SCI.

Hemifacial Spasm ; etiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To analysis the diagnostic values and characteristics of ultrasound and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) before operation. Methods The data of ultrasound and ultrasound guided FNAC in 129 patients (including 148 PTC nodules) with PTC were collected from January 2014 to February 2017, and the diagnostic reports and feature descriptions of ultrasound and ultrasound guided FNAC were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 148 PTC nodules, the ultrasonographic imaging showed that 84.5% (125/148) with low echo-level solid nodules, 61.5% (91/148) with echo heterogenicity, 77.7% (115/148) with a ratio ≥ 1 in longitudinal/breadth, 69.6 % (103/148) with fuzzy boundary, 75.0% (111/148) with microcalcification in nodules, 97.3% (144/148) without or with incomplete aureole, 64.9% (96/148) with rich blood flow and 7.0% (9/129) with enlargement of cervical lymph nodes. The FNAC diagnosis showed that 78.4% (116/148) was diagnosed with suspected papillary carcinoma, 1.4% (2/148) was diagnosed with malignent tumor, 11.5% (17/148) was diagnosed with atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), 1.4% (2/148) was diagnosed with benign lesion, 0.7% (1/148) was diagnosed with follicular neoplasm and 6.7% (10/148) could not be diagnosed. If the suspected papillary carcinoma and malignent tumor were defined as cytodiagnosis, the diagnostic accordance rate with intraoperative pathology was 79.7%. Conclusion The preoperative accuracy rates of ultrasound diagnosis and ultrasound guided FNAC diagnosis for patients with PTC are high, and the characteristics of the both are also typical. The two examinations before operation are helpful for early diagnosis and treatment formulation for patients with PTC.

The specific functions, stimulating methods and ranges of clinical application of Renying (ST 9) are explored. Because Renying (ST 9) is located in the neck which is a dangerous area, it is perilous if the acupoint is stimulated, so it is mostly forbidden in the past dynasties. In recent years, the main stimulating methods for Renying (ST 9) include acupuncture and press. The keys of acupuncture are to apply correct technique of needle insertion and control the depth and direction of needle. The keys of press are focused on strength and time of press. Renying (ST 9) is effective for vertigo, palpitation, asthma, hemiplegia, aphasia, hysteria, acute attack of pain, hyperplasia of mammary, continuous hiccup, disorder of throat and so on. As long as the acupoint location is accurate, manipulation is careful and stimulating method is correct, not only the safety could be guaranteed, but also the function can be well-played in clinical application.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of gallic acid in different preparation parts of Phyl-lanthus emblica. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of ZORBAX Extend C18 with mobile phase of methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid (10:90,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,detection wavelength was 270 nm,column temperature was 30 ℃ and the volume injection was 10 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of gallic acid was 0.042 5-0.212 5 mg/ml;RSDs of precision,accura-cy and stability tests were lower than 3.0%;recovery was 99.38%-102.14%(RSD=1.045,n=6). The mass fraction of gallic acid in P. emblica was 1.80%,and the content of gallic acid in different preparation parts was 0.70%-2.38%. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,reproducibility,and can be used for the content determination of gallic acid in different preparation parts of P. em-blica.

Objective To evaluate the role of 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β)-produced mitigation of cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in rat cardiomyocytes.Methods H9c2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 5× 105 cells/ml (100 μl/well).The wells were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table: control group (group C);group H/R;NGF-β group (group N);NGF-β+NGF receptor trkA antagonist K252a group (group N+K);NGF-β+ PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group N+L).The cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2 for 4 h in an anaerobic incubator, followed by reoxygenation in a standard incubator for 4 h in H/R, N, N+K and N+L groups.In addition, the cells in N, N + K and N + L groups were incubated in a standard incubator containing NGF-β, the mixture of NGF-β and K252a and the mixture of NGF-β and LY294002, respectively, during reoxygenation, and the final concentrations of NGF-β , K252a and LY294002 were 50 ng/ml, 100 nmol/L and 50 μmol/L, respectively.The cell viability was detected by using CCK-8 assay, and the cell survival rate was calculated.The cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, and apoptosis rate was calculated.The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) was detected by Western blot.The ratio of p-Akt to Akt was calculated.Results Compared with group C, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was increased in H/R and N groups, and the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was significantly up-regulated in group H/R, and p-Akt/Akt was significantly increased in group N (P＜0.05).Compared with group H/R, the cell survival rate was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate was decreased, the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was up-regulated, and p-Akt/Akt was increased in group N (P＜0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in N+K and N+L groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group N, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was increased, the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was up-regulated, and p-Akt/Akt was decreased in N+K and N+L groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion NGF-β can mitigate the cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during H/R, and activation of PI3K signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β) pretreatment on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during ischemia-reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution aerated with 95％ O2 and 5％ CO2 at 37 ℃.Thirty-two isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),I/R group,NGF-β pretreatment group (group N) and NGF-β combined with K252a (trkA receptor antagonist) pretreatment group (group N + K).In group C,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 195 min.The hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 45 min in group I/R.In N and N + K groups,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 15 min,and then with K-H solution containing 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β and 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β mixed with 100 nmol/L K252a,respectively,for 30 min.The perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion with K-H solution in I/R,N and N + K groups.HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and + dp/dtmax were measured at the end of 15 min equilibration (baseline) and at 5,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion.Myocardial specimens were obtained at 120 min of reperfusion for detection of myocardial apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78),CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),and caspase-12 (by Western blot analysis).Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group C,HR,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index and expression of GRP78 and CHOP were increased in I/R and N groups,and the expression of caspase-12 was upregulated in I/R group.Compared with group I/R,HR,LVDP,and + dp/dtmax were significantly increased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index and expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased in group N,and the expression of GRP78 was down-regulated in group N + K.There was no significant difference in cardiac function indexes between group I/R and N + K.Compared with group N,HR,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index,and expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 were increased in group N + K.Conclusion NGF-β pretreatment can protect the isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury,and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered cell apoptosis after activating trkA receptors is involved in the mechanism.

In this paper, we expatiate the advance of Tricholoma matsutake including distributing, environment, pure culture, domesticating cultivation and artificial forcing breeding in the area of Changbai Mountain of China.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of length of tibial stump on proprioceptive recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

METHODSFrom March 2011 to December 2011,42 patients with ACL tear were performed with reconstruction. The patients were divided randomly into three groups: group A, the patients with remained length of tibial stump ranging from 15 to 20 mm, including 8 males and 6 females, with an average age of (28.2 ± 6.6) years old; group B, the patients with remained length of tibial stump ranging from 5 to 10 mm, including 9 males and 5 females, with an average age of (27.9 ± 6.4) years old; group C, the patients with remained length of tibial stump less than 2 mm, including 9 males and 5 females, with an average age of (28.6 ± 6.8) years, old. The stability of knee were assessed by Lanchman test and anterior drawer test. The function of knee was assessed by Lysholm score and Tegner activity rating. The proprioceptive recovery was evaluated by assessing the passive reproduction of the angles with limb movement into flexion and extension in no weight bearing position.

RESULTSLanchman test and anterior drawer test of all patients were negative at 6 months postoperatively., and there was one case of positive outcome in each group at 12 month and 18 month postoperatively. Lysholm score and Tegner activity score of all patients at 18 month postoperatively were significantly better than that preoperatively, and there were no significant difference among three groups at 18 month postoperatively. There were no significant difference in the production of the angles at flexion to 20° and extention to 80° and 20° among these groups before and after operation. The reproduction of the angles of group A and B at flexion to 50° and extention to 50° at 6 month postoperatively were significantly better than that of group A and B preoperatively and that of group C at 6 month postoperatively, and there were no significant difference among three groups at 18 month postoperatively. The reproduction of the angles of group A and B at flexion to 80° at 12 month postoperatively were significantly better than that of group A and B preoperatively and that of group C at 12 month postoperatively, and there were no significant difference among three groups at 18 month postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONPreservation of tibial stump in ACL reconstruction has benefit in proprioceptive recovery at early stage postoperatively and the length of tibial stump should be reserved with a range from 5 to 10 mm.

Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Proprioception ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tibia ; chemistry ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Young Adult