RhoA, a small GTPase, is involved in a wide array of cellular functions in the central nervous system, such as cell motility, cytoskeleton rearrangement, transcriptional regulation, phagocytosis and cell growth. It is not known how spinal cord injury (SCI) affects the expression of RhoA in different nerve cells. In the present study, we investigated the changes of RhoA expression in remote areas of the injury at the 3rd, 7th and 30th day after SCI, which was established by T10 contusion method. Moreover, we examine its expression profile in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. RhoA was found to be weakly expressed in these nerve cells in normal spinal cord. Western blotting showed that, after SCI, the total RhoA expression was up-regulated, and the RhoA expression was increased and peaked at the 7th day. Double immunostaining revealed specific and temporal expression patterns of RhoA in different nerve cells. The expression of RhoA in neurons started to increase at day 3, peaked at day 7 and then decreased slightly at day 30. Expression of RhoA in astrocytes increased moderately after SCI and peaked at day 7. There was no obvious change in RhoA expression in microglia after SCI in remote areas. This study demonstrated that, after SCI, RhoA expression exhibited different patterns with different nerve cells of spinal cord. RhoA expression patterns also changed with time after SCI, and among different nerve cells in the injured spinal cord. These findings can help us better understand the roles of RhoA in SCI.

Objective To evaluate the effects of nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β) pretreatment on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during ischemia-reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 10％ chloral hydrate 300 mg/kg.The hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus with K-H solution aerated with 95％ O2 and 5％ CO2 at 37 ℃.Thirty-two isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),I/R group,NGF-β pretreatment group (group N) and NGF-β combined with K252a (trkA receptor antagonist) pretreatment group (group N + K).In group C,the hearts were continuously perfused with K-H solution for 195 min.The hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 45 min in group I/R.In N and N + K groups,the hearts were perfused with K-H solution for 15 min,and then with K-H solution containing 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β and 0.1 μg/ml NGF-β mixed with 100 nmol/L K252a,respectively,for 30 min.The perfusion was suspended for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion with K-H solution in I/R,N and N + K groups.HR,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and + dp/dtmax were measured at the end of 15 min equilibration (baseline) and at 5,30,60 and 120 min of reperfusion.Myocardial specimens were obtained at 120 min of reperfusion for detection of myocardial apoptosis (by TUNEL) and expression of glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78),CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP),and caspase-12 (by Western blot analysis).Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Compared with group C,HR,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index and expression of GRP78 and CHOP were increased in I/R and N groups,and the expression of caspase-12 was upregulated in I/R group.Compared with group I/R,HR,LVDP,and + dp/dtmax were significantly increased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index and expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 were decreased in group N,and the expression of GRP78 was down-regulated in group N + K.There was no significant difference in cardiac function indexes between group I/R and N + K.Compared with group N,HR,LVDP and + dp/dtmax were significantly decreased,and LVEDP,apoptosis index,and expression of GRP78,CHOP and caspase-12 were increased in group N + K.Conclusion NGF-β pretreatment can protect the isolated rat hearts against ischemia-reperfusion injury,and inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered cell apoptosis after activating trkA receptors is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the role of 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-β)-produced mitigation of cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) in rat cardiomyocytes.Methods H9c2 cells were seeded in 96-well plates at a density of 5× 105 cells/ml (100 μl/well).The wells were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table: control group (group C);group H/R;NGF-β group (group N);NGF-β+NGF receptor trkA antagonist K252a group (group N+K);NGF-β+ PI3K inhibitor LY294002 group (group N+L).The cells were exposed to 95％ N2-5％ CO2 for 4 h in an anaerobic incubator, followed by reoxygenation in a standard incubator for 4 h in H/R, N, N+K and N+L groups.In addition, the cells in N, N + K and N + L groups were incubated in a standard incubator containing NGF-β, the mixture of NGF-β and K252a and the mixture of NGF-β and LY294002, respectively, during reoxygenation, and the final concentrations of NGF-β , K252a and LY294002 were 50 ng/ml, 100 nmol/L and 50 μmol/L, respectively.The cell viability was detected by using CCK-8 assay, and the cell survival rate was calculated.The cell apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry, and apoptosis rate was calculated.The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), caspase-12, Akt and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) was detected by Western blot.The ratio of p-Akt to Akt was calculated.Results Compared with group C, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was increased in H/R and N groups, and the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was significantly up-regulated in group H/R, and p-Akt/Akt was significantly increased in group N (P＜0.05).Compared with group H/R, the cell survival rate was significantly increased, the apoptosis rate was decreased, the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was up-regulated, and p-Akt/Akt was increased in group N (P＜0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in N+K and N+L groups (P＞0.05).Compared with group N, the cell survival rate was significantly decreased, the apoptosis rate was increased, the expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 was up-regulated, and p-Akt/Akt was decreased in N+K and N+L groups (P＜0.05).Conclusion NGF-β can mitigate the cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress during H/R, and activation of PI3K signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical resection of cervical cancer in the treatment of stage IB2-ⅡB cervical cancer.Methods According to the treatment plan from October 2012 to October 2016 in the People′s Hospital of Luohu District of Shenzhen in 80 cases of stage IB2-II B cervical cancer patients were divided into observation group(n=43) and control group(n=37),the observation group was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical surgery for cervical cancer,patients in the control group directly treated for radical resection of cervical cancer.Chemotherapy effect,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative pathological risk factor differences of two groups of patients were compared.Results (1)Evaluated the curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy,squamous cell carcinoma group complete remission(CR) 4 cases,partial remission(PR) 22 cases,stable disease(SD),6 cases of disease progression(PD) in 0 cases,in adenocarcinoma group CR 1 cases,PR 3 cases,SD 5 cases,PD 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma group adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly better than that of adenocarcinoma group,the difference was statistically significant(z=2.4968,P=0.0063).(2)The operation time((215±57) min) and intraoperative blood loss((682±145) ml) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(((259±62) min,(758±193) ml)),the difference was statistically significant(t=3.8780,2.2528,P=0.0002,0.0263).(3)The two groups of patients with ureteral fistula(P=0.5039),vesicovaginal fistula(P=0.3639),wound healing(P=0.5182),lower extremity deep venous thrombosis(P=0.4818) complications had no significant difference.(4)The positive rate of the observation group of lymph nodes(χ2=8.2005,P=0.0000),parametrial infiltration rate(χ2=8.1553,P=0.0000) was significantly lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant.Two groups of patients with deep myometrial invasion rate(χ2=0.0991,P=0.7516),the incidence of cancer embolus(χ2=0.0130,P=0.9176) compared to no statistical significance.Conclusion The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on cervical squamous cell carcinoma is better than that of adenocarcinoma.Compared with the direct for radical resection of cervical cancer,neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with radical resection of cervical cancer patients for the treatment of stage IB2-ⅡB cervical cancer,operation time and blood loss are lower,node positive and parametrial invasion and postoperative pathologic risk factors in lymph node also can get better effect.

Objective To investigate the temporal expression patterns of the related transcription factors and target genes in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy,and provide valuable clues for further researches on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.Methods Isoproterenol (ISO) was used to induce ventricular myocytes hypertrophy in neonatal mice.The survival rate of cardiomyocyte was detected by CCK-8,and the average diameters and surface areas of cells were measured by computer photograph analysis system.The mRNA and protein expression levels of related genes were respectively measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results The model of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy stimulated by ISO was constructed successfully.The expression levels of GATA4,MEF2C,GATA5,BNP and ANP increased 24 hours after ISO treatment,the expression levels of P300,α-MHC and TBX5 increased 12 hours after ISO treatment,and of SRF and β-MHC mRNA increased 6 hours after ISO treatment (P＜0.05).The expression levels of GATA4,α-MHC,β-MHC,SRF and P300 mRNA increased firstly,and then decreased in cardiomyocytes induced by ISO.The expression levels of GATA4,SRF,α-MHC,β-MHC and P300 mRNA were still higher than normal (P＜0.05),but of MEF2C decreased to normal (P＞0.0S) 72 hours after ISO treatment.The expression levels continuously elevated of GATA5,TBX5,ANP and BNP mRNA than that of controls (P＜0.05),while no fluctuation was found in NKX2.5 mRNA expression (P＞0.05).The expression of GATA4 protein increased,while of HEY2 protein decreased 48 hours after ISO treatment (P＜0.05).Conclusions In hypertrophic cardiomyocytes,the expression pattern of MEF2C is similar to,but the patterns of GATA5,GATA4,TBX5 and SRF are different with that in the development of heart,implying these genes are important during the process from compensatory stage to decompensation stage.The expression patterns of GATA4,MEF2C and SRF are similar to that of acetylase P300,implying the temporal expressions could be regulated by P300 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of medical therapy after conservative operation for endometriosis.(Methods)Endometriosis was confirmed in 89 patients by laparoscopic inspection,and conservative operations were performed to remove the adhesion,excise or destroy all the endometriotic tissues,including single excision of endo-(metriotic) masses or plus unilateral salpingoophorectomy,and to restore pelvic anatomy to the best possible condition.All the patients were divided into two groups randomly: treatment group(n=44),three months drug therapy of go-(nadotropin-)releasing hormone analogs(GnRHa) after operation;control group(n=45),no drug therapy after operation.Clinical symptoms,concentrations of CA-125,manual and ultrasonic pelvic check-up,as well as pregnancy rate to those who had a desire for future fertility(n=28)were followed up. Results All the patients experienced alleviation of clinical symptoms after the operation.The recurring rates: 0% in treatment group vs 4% in control group six months later;2% in treatment group vs 4% in control group 12 months later(P

This study primarily explored and discussed‘generality and individuality’mode in clinical teaching of congenital heart disease(Congenital heart disease,CHD)from the aspects of teaching methods,comparison with traditional method,requirements for teachers and problems existed under present conditions.At last the paper summarized advantages and disadvantages of this model in clinical teaching of CHD and offered a new approach for clinical teaching of cardiology.

Abstract: Viral shedding of SARS-CoV-2 is a continuous dynamic process, which can be divided into latent stage, initial stage, peak stage and decreasing stage according to the characteristics of viral shedding. After being infected with SARS-CoV-2, the infected person generally stays in the latent period for 1-3 days, which is characterized by continuous negative nucleic acid test results and no infectiousness, and the risk of infection for close contacts is very low. At the initial stage of viral shedding is characterized by a rapid decline in the Ct value of nucleic acid tests in a short time, and clinical symptoms gradually appear. The infectiousness of the infected person gradually increases during this period, and the risk of infection for close contacts also gradually increases, but it is still in the early stage of infection, the possibility of viral shedding is low, and the risk of infection of secondary close contacts is low. The peak of viral shedding is characterized by low Ct value in nucleic acid test and obvious clinical symptoms; during this period, the infected person is the most infectious, and the risk of infection of the contact is the highest, so the scope of close contacts should be expanded appropriately. The decreasing period is characterized by the gradual increase of Ct value of nucleic acid test and the gradual disappearance of clinical symptoms; during this period, the infectiousness of the infected person gradually decreases to disappear. In an outbreak, an infected person in the decreasing phase is more likely to be an early infected person in the transmission chain. If infected individuals in the decreasing phase are found in an area without a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, it suggests that the local outbreak epidemic has been spreading for some time and may be larger in scale. According to the characteristics of viral shedding, risk personnel can be determined more scientifically and accurately, so as to minimize the risk and reduce the waste of epidemic prevention resources.

There are many kinds of artifacts in image series of functional MRI, such as head motion artifacts, physiological motion artifacts, blood flow artifacts, ghost artifacts and susceptibility artifacts. These artifacts which are unassociated with the neural activities, have so severe affects on the analysis of functional MRI data that they not only reduce the sensibility and reliability of functional MRI, but also make the detecting, locating and visualizing of the functional active regions more complicated. The mechanism and the effect of artifacts in functional MRI are discussed here, the methods of correcting artifacts are reviewed, and research prospects are discussed too.
Artifacts ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods