Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of intracerebral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood(UCB) on hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) in neonatal rat.Methods Twenty samples of human UCB were collected from healthy full-term newborns.MSCs were isolated from human UCB by density gradient centrifugation and purified by adhere cell selection method.For transplantation,P3 human UCB-derived MSCs were labeled by the 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU).Thirty SD rats of 7 d were built for neonatal HIBD model.One rat died and others were divided into transplant group(n=18) and control group(n=11).At the third day after building models,human UCB-derived MSCs were injected into left cortex in transplant group,while PBS of the same volume was injected into the same site in control group at the same time.The seventh day after transplantation,6 rats of transplant group were sacrificed to prepare brain tissue sections.The survival,migration and differentiation of the transplanted cells were investigated by brain tissue immunohistochemical analysis,and nervous function of 2 groups were evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS) on the first,7th,14th,21th and 28th day after transplantation.Results MSCs were isolated from 5 of 20 human UCB samples.Immunocytochemical analysis of brain tissue showed that the transplanted human UCB-derived MSCs could survive and migrate around by the center of transplant site.There were (12.67?2.73)% of MSCs differentiated into astrocyte-like cells.mNSS showed that the score of transplant group was lower than that of control group on the first,7th,14th,21th and 28th day,and the differences of score points between 2 groups on the 14th,21th and 28thday were statistically significant(Pa

Objective:To examine the expression of nitric oxide synthase(NOS),the content of nitric oxide and blood flow in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs,so as to further investigate the mechanism of allergic rhinitis.Methods:One hundred and twenty guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group(injected with normal saline)and allergic group(nasal challenge with egg albumin).The guinea pigs were executed before and immediately,24,48,72 h after the last nasal challenge;the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase(eNOS)and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and the content of nitric oxide were examined in mucosa tissues.The blood flow in the nasal mucosa was determined in animals before execution.Linear regression correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the nitric oxide content and blood flow in nasal mucosa.Results:The immunostaining for iNOS in surface epithelium of allergic rhinitis guinea pigs was markedly stronger than that of normal guinea pigs at all time points(P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence and distribution of cervical node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx and evaluate the efficacy of selective neck dissection (SND) on the treatment of the neck metastases.

METHODSA retrospective review was performed for 63 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of hypopharynx from January 1990 to December 2004. Lymph nodes were clinically negative in 17 patients and positive in 46 patients. There were 15 unilateral SND, 22 bilateral SND and 16 modified radical neck dissections (MRND). Ipsilateral MRND or radical neck dissections (RND) and contralateral SNDs were performed in 10 cases. Forty-eight patients were followed up and the follow-up interval ranged from 24 to 143 months and the median was 41 months.

RESULTSLymph nodes were pathologically negative (pN0) in 22 and positive (pN +) in 41 patients. A total of 106 positive nodes were found in 95 neck dissections. The distribution of the positive nodes were as follows: Level II 47.2% (50/106), Level III33.0% (35/106), Level IV11.3% (12/106), Level V2.8% (3/106), Level VI 5.7% (6/106). Contralateral nodal metastases and recurrence were observed in both cN0 and cN + cases. There were 18 neck recurrent cases. High incidence of neck recurrence after SND was found in level II and III. The 3-year estimated survival rate analysis were 58.1% for the pN0 and 44.9% for pN1 and 41.1% for pN2 patients. Cox regression analysis suggested N stage was the most important prognostic factor. The risk ratio was 1.7 in pN1 and 2.2 in pN2.

CONCLUSIONSLymphatic metastases was the most significant prognostic factor of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Bilateral selective neck dissection, when carefully indicated, offers functional advantages without oncologic compromise.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Tanshinone II A on the expression of epidermal growth facter (EGF) and epidermal growth facter recepter (EGFR) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721.

METHODSThe human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721 cells cultured in vitro was treated with different concentrations of Tanshinone II A. The proliferation of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptosis of the cells was investigated by flow cytometry and cytochemical staining with Hoechst 33342. The expression of EGF and EGFR was detected by immunocytochemistry method. The levels of EGF in medium were measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTTanshinone II A inhibited the growth of SMMC-7721 cells remarkably in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory rate reached the peak (72.5%) after 0.5 microg/ml Tanshinone II A was used for 48 h, which was significantly higher than that in the controls (P<0.05). FCM analysis showed that when SMMC-7721 cells were treated with 0.5 microg/ml Tanshinone II A, the apoptosis rates for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were (4.06+/-0.27)%, (7.58+/-0.56)% and (5.23+/-0.13)%, respectively which were markedly higher than those in the controls (all P<0.01). SMMC-7721 cell apoptosis with cell shrinkage, nuclear chromatin concentration and fragmentation as well as the formation of apoptotic bodies were observed by cytochemical staining when treated with Tanshinone II A. The immunocytochemistry showed that the expressions of EGF and EGFR were down regulated while the concentration of Tanshinone II A was increasing. The high expression rates for EGF and EGFR were 10%, 20%, respectively, and the gray scale was 181.52+/-1.63, 179.37+/-1.59, which were markedly higher than those in the controls (all P<0.05). The levels of EGF in medium measured by radioimmunoassay were decreased significantly after Tanshinone II A treatment.

CONCLUSIONTanshinone II A can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line SMMC-7721, which may be related to the down-regulation of EGF and EGFR protein expression.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the spores germinating process of Cibotium barometz, and understand the growth principle provided for experience for indoor culturing and further research.

METHODThe spores of C. barometz were cultured both in inorganic medium and in the soil from original habitat, and the whole process of spores germination and the development of gametophytic were observed under microscope.

RESULTThe spores germinated about 1-2 weeks after being sowed, and the type of germination belonged to Vittaria-type. The prothallial plates formed in 25 days after being sowed, while hairs developed after the formation of the prothallial plate. The gametophyte formed about 40 days after being sowed. But the type of mature prothalli was cordate. The antheridia formed in 60 days after inoculation, while the archegonia developed in 10 days after the formation of antheridia.

CONCLUSIONSoil based indoor culturing of C. barometz spores is practical and can be used for cultivation of C. barometz.

Culture Media ; pharmacology ; Ferns ; cytology ; physiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; physiology ; Soil ; Spores ; cytology ; drug effects ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo compare the clinical benefits of rapid Rhino Stammberger sinus dressing (RR), a new nasal packing material for functional endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), with traditional packing materials sorbalgon plus Vaseline gauze (SV) prospectively.

METHODSTwenty-four patients with chronic sinusitis of the similar grade were enrolled in the study. After ESS, the nasal cavities of each patient were packed with RR in the right side as observing group and SV in the left side as control group. SV in the left nasal cavity was removed in the first day after operation and RR remained in the right nasal cavity until the first endoscopic follow-up 1 week postoperatively. The same perioperative treatments such as irrigation and local steroid were given in both sides of nasal cavities. The grade of rhinalgia, nasal obstruction, discharge, bleeding and epiphora in each side of nasal cavities were assessed on a visual analogue scale (VAS) by the patients at the operation day (packing period), the first day and the second day after operation respectively. Postoperative endoscopic assessment of nasal cavities including crust, discharge, pseudomembrane, edema of mucosa, bubble and ostium obstruction were carried out by a rhinologist on VAS at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 weeks postoperatively. The follow-up continued until the complete mucosal healing.

RESULTSThree patients were dropped from statistical analysis. One of them with severe hypertension bleeding when he awoke from anesthesia, the RR was run out from the nasal cavity. The other two were lost in the follow-up. Twenty-one patients completed the follow -up ranging between 2-20 months. The scores of rhinalgia, epiphora at the operation day and the rhinalgia at the first day after operation in RR side were lower than SV side (P<0.05). The scores of the amount of crust at the first week after operation in RR side were lower than SV side (P<0.05). Statistically, no significant deference was found between RR and SV in the length of mucosal healing period.

CONCLUSIONSPatients felt more comfortable with the package of RR than traditional material. No pain and secondary bleeding happened. The efficacy of RR on mucosal healing was similar with SV. RR showed some advantages and could be used as packing material following ESS.

Adult ; Aged ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Gels ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Sinusitis ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

AIMTo study the protective effects and the mechanisms of sevoflurane on ischemic cerebral neurons.

METHODSWith electrophysiological microelectrode recoding technique, the OPS of hippocampal slices deprived with oxygen and glucose (OGD) and injured from toxicity of glutamate (Glu) in the control group, 2% sevoflurane group and 4% sevoflurane group were observed. The changes of ultrastructure in the three groups were also observed respectively.

RESULTSIn the control group and 2% sevoflurane group it didn't show the improvement of recovery in OPS of hippocampal slices injured from OGD and Glu. In 4% sevoflurane group the recovery degree and the recovery rate of OPS were obversely. With electricmicroscope, it was founded that in the control group and 2% sevoflurane group, the pyramidal neurons in CA1 regions deprived with glucose and oxygen and exposured by Glu were damaged. Intercellular edema were severe, the nucleus membranes were not complete, the chromatin formed mass, the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm were degenerate, mitochondrion swelled. In 4% sevoflurane group, the pyramidal neurons in CA1 regions did not swell obviously, the nucleus was clear, the nucleus membranes were complete and the mitochondria swelled lightly.

CONCLUSION4% sevoflurane could protect hippocampal neurons deprived with glucose and oxygen from the damage. The probable mechanism is 4% sevoflurane reduced the excitatory of Glu.

Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; blood supply ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the transhyoid resection of oropharyngeal anterior wall cancer and oncological outcomes of the surgery combined with radiotherapy.

METHODSA total of 24 cases with carcinoma located in the anterior wall of oropharynx was reviewed. The TNM stages were as follows: T2 in 7 cases, T3 in 2 cases, T4 in 15 cases; NO in 7 cases, N1 in 4 cases, N2 in 12 cases and N3 in 1 case. Tumor resection was performed via transhyoid approach, including 9 cases with partial glossectomy + partial laryngectomy, 7 cases with partial glossectomy + total laryngectomy, 7 cases with total glossectomy + partial laryngectomy and 1 case with partial glossectomy alone pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps were applied to repair synchronously the defects of tongue and lateral pharyngeal wall in 16 cases and the defect of cervical skin in 1 case. Radial forearm free flap and sternohyoid myocutaneous flap were used to repair the defect of tongue and lateral and posterior pharyngeal wall in 1 case. Sternohyoid myocutaneous flap was applied to reconstruct the tongue base in 2 cases. Bilateral and unilateral neck dissections were performed in 20 cases and 4 cases respectively. Five cases received preoperative radiotherapy and 16 cases received postoperative radiotherapy.

RESULTSAll cases had negative surgical margin. Pathological examination showed neck lymph metastasis in 17 cases (70.8%). Three patients had postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula. Two of them who underwent partial glossectomy + total laryngectomy and pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps synchronously reconstruction suffered from pharyngocutaneous fistula 4 days after operation. The fistula was closed by re-suturation following debridement and 2 weeks dressing change. The other one who underwent partial glossectomy + partial laryngectomy suffered from pharyngocutaneous fistula during postoperation radiotherapy and healed by the pectoralis major myocutaneous repair. Tracheostomy tubes were removed within 1-6 months, with good voice and swallowing functions, in 16 of 17 cases who underwent partial laryngectomy. Another one failed to pull out tracheotomy tube because of dyspnea. Twenty one cases were followed up over 3 years and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed the 3-year overall survival rate was 72.6%.

CONCLUSIONSThe transhyoid tumor resection is an effective surgical approach for oropharyngeal anterior wall cancer. The defect following tumor resection is commonly need repair synchronously with various flaps. Acceptable outcome could be received by surgery combined with radiotherapy.

Carcinoma ; Cutaneous Fistula ; Fistula ; Glossectomy ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; Larynx ; Neck Dissection ; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Pectoralis Muscles ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; Pharynx ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Surgical Flaps ; Survival Rate ; Tracheostomy

Spinal "Gucuofeng" mainly is considered as abnormalities of joint function. Manipulative maneuver have obviously effect in adjustment of spinal "Gucuofeng", and the technical key point is utilization of principle of lever to achieve safe, effective and labor-saving purpose. After clinical practice, the general principle of manipulative maneuver in adjustment of spinal "Gucuofeng" can be summed up as pull stretch traction, first-induced instability, reverse adjustment,withdraw along situation.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; surgery ; Manipulation, Spinal ; methods ; Social Adjustment ; Spine ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo assess the effects of apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism on the susceptibility of depression and the efficacy of antidepressants.

METHODSA total of 275 patients with depression, who met the diagnostic criteria of both CCMD-3 and DSM-4, were randomly assigned into venlafaxine group (n=136)and paroxetine group(n=139). Another 202 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD)-17 was adopted as the primary rating instrument to evaluate the severity of depression on the baseline and the end of the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th week after treatment, respectively. HAMD scores ≤7 was defined as remission, and the reduction of HAMD scores ≥50% was defined as response while <50% was defined as invalid. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) was applied to detect the genetic polymorphism of the APOE in the case groups and control group.

RESULTSIn the venlafaxine group, the remission rate was 52.9%(n=72), the response rate was 26.5%(n=36), and the invalid rate was 20.6%(n=28), whereas the corresponding data in the paroxetine group wee 42.4%(n=59), 31.7%(n=44), and 25.9% (n=36), respectively. There were no significant differences in the efficacy between the two groups(p>0.05). In the venlafaxine group, there were no significant differences in the genotypes and the allele distribution frequency of APOEΕ2/Ε3/Ε4 between the remitters, nonremitters, and healthy controls at the end of the 6th week(p>0.05), but there was significant differences in the allele distribution frequency between the nonremitters and healthy controls(p=0.02). In paroxetine group, there were no significant differences in the genotypes and the allele distribution frequency of APOEΕ2/Ε3/Ε4 among the remitters, nonremitters and healthy controls at the end of the 6th week(p>0.05), but there were significant differences in the allele distribution frequency between the nonremitters and healthy controls (p=0.04); in addition, there were also significant differences in Ε2/Ε3 and Ε4 allele between the two groups (p=0.014).

CONCLUSIONSThe APOE gene may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of major depression. The efficacy of venlafaxine is same as paroxetine after treatment for six weeks. The APOE (Ε2+Ε3) allele may be an indicator of the bad efficacy of paroxetine treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; Cyclohexanols ; therapeutic use ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paroxetine ; therapeutic use ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Treatment Outcome ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride ; Young Adult