AIM:To observed the variation regularity of corneal endothelial cells in patients with different diabetes duration after phacoemulsification, and investigate the effects of diabetes and its disease duration on corneal endothelial cells.
METHODS: Ninety-seven ( 135 eyes ) cataract patients with diabetes were selected randomly and divided into GroupⅠ( which diabetes duration ≥10a) and GroupII(which diabetes duration <10a) according to their disease duration. Additionally 62 (89 eyes) age-related cataract patients were randomly selected as the control group. The corneal endothelial cell density ( CD ) , proportion of hexagonal cell and coefficient of variation ( CV ) in the three group patients were measured respectively before phacoemulsification and after surgery. And the measurement results were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS:The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the three group were decreased after surgery compared with preoperative. But the CV of corneal endothelial cells was increased on the 1 st wk and in 1st mo after surgery compared with the preoperative. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The corneal endothelial CD and proportion of hexagonal cell in the two diabetic groups were lower than the control group after surgery. However, the CV of corneal endothelial cells was higher than the control group. The difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in the corneal endothelial CD, proportion of hexagonal cell and CV between the two diabetic groups before phacoemulsification (P>0. 05). The proportion of hexagonal cell in Group Ⅰ was lower than which in GroupIIafter surgery. While the CV was higher than which in Group II. The difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Phacoemulsification has some damage on the corneal endothelial. Since the impact of diabetes on the morphology and function of corneal endothelial cell was related to the diabetic duration. So phacoemulsification has more obvious damage on the corneal endothelial in diabetic patients. And the diabetic duration was longer, the damage on the corneal endothelial in phacoemulsification was more easily.

Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is a common condition that primarily occurs in preterm infants who with low birth weight,which closely related to several co-morbidities(intracranial hemorrhage,necrotizing enterocolitis,pulmonary edema/hemorrhage,bron chopulmonary dysplasia,and retinopathy).Although the color Doppler ultrasound assessment can be used as the gold standard to determine the present of PDA,it is still very hard to fully reflect the hemodynamic change occured in PDA case.In recent years,B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP),two kind of biological markers,were used in the premature infants to assess the present,shunt volume,progress and durg or surgical intervention indication of PDA.In this paper,the corrections of PDA between BNP and NT-proBNP were reviewed briefly.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pathogens and risk factors of the catheterassociated infection (CAI) in emergency ICU (EICU) in order to design an appropriately therapeutic strategy for the future.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,a total of 1363 patients were enrolled for this retrospective study.Blood sample taken from the vein with indwelling catheterization and the tips of catheters cut in 5 cm after withdrawn from the veins in 1363 patients were collected for bacterial culture.Results Of 1363 catheters,pathogens were found in 147 (10.79％) after venous catheterization.The daily occurrences of CAI were 3.05 ones per 1000 catheters.Of 147 cases of infection,46.94％ pathogens were gram-negative bacilli,40.14％ gram-positive cocci,and 12.92％ fungi.Unconditional Logistic regression analysis suggested that repeated catheterization,femoral vein catheterization,the application of multi-lumen catheter and long-term indwelling catheterization were the independent risk factors responsible for CAI.Conclusions The risk factors responsible for catheter related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Objective To investigate the effect of mild therapeutic hypothermia for different lengths of time on cerebral edema and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α),vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) so as to explore possible mechanism for better application of mild hypothermia.Methods ICH models were made in rats by stereotaxically injecting autologous artery blood into right caudate nucleus.Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 5 groups (n =8 each):sham-operated (sham),normothermic (NT),hypothermic-1 hour (MH1),hypothermic-2 hours (MH2),hypothermic-4 hours (MH3).Normothermic and sham-operated animals were kept at (37.0-± 0.2) ℃ of body temperature.Animals in the hypothermic groups received immediately and rapid cooling after ICH and kept at (33.0 ± 0.5) ℃ of body temperature for 1,2 and 4 hours respectively.Rats were sacrificed at 48 hours after cerebral hemorrhage.Then brain water content and BBB permeability were determined.Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF.Results The content of brain water,Evans blue concentration in brain,and the mRNA expression and protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF were noticeably higher in NT group than those in sham group (P ＜0.01).There were statistically significant difference in the expression of HIF-lα mRNA and protein but little difference in other indicators between MH1 group and NT group.Compared with NT group,MH2 group and MH3 group brought about an improvement in BBB permeability and remarkable down-regulation of protein levels and expression of HIF-1 α and VEGF mRNA,whereas there were no statistically significant difference in expression of indicators between the two groups.Conclusions Mild therapeutic hypothermia induced rapidly and immediately after ICH could limit the development of brain edema in rats by down-regulating expression and protein levels of HIF-1 α mRNA,and in turn suppressing the evaluation of VEGF mRNA and protein expression.The brain edema was effectively reduced in animals treated with hypothermia for 2 hours' or 4 hours ' duration with little difference in magnitude of reduction in brain edema between these two modalities of hypothermia.

Objective To investigate the correlation of the initial arterial lactate (Lac) and 6-h lactate clearance rate (LCR) with prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning (APP).Methods The included 132 APP patients (70 males and 62 females,age ranging 15-71,30 (18) [M (IQR)]treated at a single center between January 2009 and December 2013.Patients were divided into two groups:group A,survivors ＞ 28 days after admission (n =64); and group B,those died ≤ 28 days after admission (n =68).The prognostic values of arterial Lac and 6-h LCR during the acute stage of poisoning were evaluated.Results Paraquat dose ranged from 5-200 mL,20 mL (37.25 mL) [M (IQR)].The average time from poisoning to arrival at the emergency department was ranging 4-312 h,6 h (8.75h) [M (IQR)].Total mortality was 51.51％.There were no differences in age,gender,and length of time elapsed from poisoning to diagnosis between two groups.Survivors had a significantly lower dose of paraquat ingested compared with nonsurvivors (P ＜ 0.05).An ROC curve analysis determined that the dose had an area of 0.86 (95％ CI:0.80-0.92) and the volume cut-off point was 27.5 mL to predict the prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning (75％ sensitivity,85.9％ specificity,Youden index 0.609).The initial arterial lactate level was higher in nonsurvivors than that in survivors.The ROC curve analysis indicated that the initial arterial lactate level had an area of 0.99 (95％ CI:0.99-1.00) and the concentration cut-off point was 5.050 mmoL/L to predicti prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning (sensitivity 98.5％,specificity 100％,Youden index 0.985).The 6 h LCR was lower in nonsurvivors than that in survivors.ROC curve analysis showed that the 6-h LCR had an area of 0.99 (95 ％ CI:0.97-1.00) and the concentration cut-off point was 17.28％ to predict prognosis in APP patients (sensitivity 100％,specificity 97.1％,Youden index 0.971).Conclusions In the early stages of APP,initial arterial Lac and 6-h LCR are closely related to prognosis and may serve as prognostic factors.

Objective To discuss the value of echocardiography for the assessment of structure and function of right heart in normal Chinese adults Methods The structure and function of right heart was assessed by echocardiography according to 2010 guideline of American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). The echocardiographic data of right heart of 130 normal Chinese adults were analyzed to acquire the normal reference values of echocardiographic parameters and evaluate the differences of these results among different age groups. Results There were significant differences among different age groups for some of the parameters. Right atrium (RA) transverse diameter was greater in the middle-aged group than that in the young-aged group [(36.90±5.10) mm vs (33.90±5.20) mm, t=-2.79, P=0.006]. RA longitudinal diameter (RAL) and RA area (RAA) were smaller in the young-aged group than those in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(40.10±5.10) mm vs (42.90±5.10) mm, (43.40±5.60) mm, t=-2.51 and-2.91, P=0.013 and 0.004;(11.90±3.20) mm2 vs (13.40±2.90) mm2, (13.90±3.60) mm2, t=-2.24 and-2.90, P=0.027 and 0.004]. Parasternal long-axis right ventricule outflow tract (PLAX RVOT), parasternal short-axis right ventricule outflow tract (PSAX RVOT) and pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) were smaller in the young-aged group than those in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(24.20±3.00) mm vs (26.20±2.30) mm, (25.90±2.90) mm, t=-2.80 and-2.32, P=0.006 and 0.022;(24.70±3.00) mm vs (27.20±2.50) mm, (26.90±2.60) mm, t=-4.40 and -3.84, P=0.000 and 0.000; (20.60±2.00) mm vs (22.10±2.70) mm, (21.90±2.10) mm, t=-3.12 and-2.67, P=0.002 and 0.008]. RV lateral wall thickness was smaller in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(5.10±0.60) mm vs (5.60±0.60) mm, (5.40±0.70) mm, t=-3.12 and-2.22, P=0.02 and 0.028];DTI e wave was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(14.90±3.70) cm/s vs (10.90±3.10) cm/s, (11.10±2.60) cm/s, t=5.82 and 5.49, P=0.000 and 0.000]. DTI a wave was smaller in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(12.50±3.90) cm/s vs (14.60±3.70) cm/s, (16.60±3.60) cm/s, t=-2.79 and -5.04, P=0.007 and 0.000] and DTI a wave was smaller in the middle-aged group than that in the old-aged group (t=-2.26, P=0.02). Tricuspid E wave was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(0.61±0.11) m/s vs (0.51±0.11) m/s, (0.48±0.08) m/s, t=4.58 and 5.44, P=0.000 and 0.000]. E/A was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups (1.45±0.30 vs 1.12±0.33, 1.10±0.27, t=4.58 and 5.44, P=0.000 and 0.000). No significant differences were found among different age groups in RV systolic function parameters, whereas a trend of decrease in RV diastolic function was detected. Conclusion Echocardiography can be useful in assessing the structure and function of right heart quantitatively.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Adult ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; adverse effects ; Benzene ; adverse effects ; Control Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Paint

To observe the protective effects of echinacoside on rotenone-induced damages in rats.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of E-selectin in lung tissue of rat of acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP)-induced lung injury.Methods Rats were randomly divided into control and ANP groups.ANP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliary and pancreatic duct.The rats were sacrificed at 3,6,12 and 24 h.Serum amylase,albumin,Ca2+ and lung wet/dry (W/D) weight ratio were determined,and pancreas and lung tissues underwent routine pathological examination and histopathological scores were evaluated.The expression of E-selectin mRNA and protein in lung tissue of rat was measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.Results In ANP group at 6h,the serum level of amylase,histopathological scores of pancreas and lung tissues,lung W/D weight ratio were (3978 ± 476) U/L,8.22 ± 0.63,( 12.31 ± 1.58,5.21 ± 0.20,which were significantly higher than those in control group [ (843 ± 90)U/L,0.22 ± 0.36,0.13 ± 0.34,4.46 ±0.17,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01 ],the serum level of albumin was (12.9 ± 1.0)g/L,which was significantly lower than that in control group [ ( 15.6 ± 0.7 ) g/L,P ＜ 0.01 ],the serum level of Ca2 + at 12 h was ( 2.33 ±0.15) mmoL/L,which was significantly lower than that in control group [(2.57 ± 0.23)mmoL/L,P ＜ 0.01 ].E-selectin was located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of vascular endothelial cells.Expression of E-seleetin mRuNA and protein in the lung tissue at 6h was significantly higher than those in control group (3.51 ±0.45 vs 0.95 ± 0.16,0.174 ± 0.019 vs 0.060 ± 006,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Pulmonary expression of E-selectin of vascular endothelial cell is significantly up-regulated in a time dependant manner when ANPinduced ALI occurs; and it is involved in leukocyte mural and extravasation,and can promote lung injury.