In the present study, the effect of primary infection to reinfection with Ascaris suum larvae was experimented in mouse model. Mice were challenged with l,000 infective stage eggs of Ascaris suum. The embryonated eggs were directly introduced into stomach of mice. Reinfection was performed at 50 days after the primary infection with same method as primary infection. Mice were sacrificed 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 and 20 days after infection in both groups respectively. Larvae collected from livers and lungs with Baermann's apparatus were enumerated and measured after sacrifice. Sera of mice were also collected at same time. The results of the experiment were as follows: With antigen prepared from coelomic fluid of adult Ascaris suum and sera collected from mice before reinfection, the production of antibody in experimental mice was confirmed by the gel-diffusion technique. In the livers of reinfected mice, the larvae were recovered up to 10 days after challenge, otherwhile in the primary infected mice, the larvae were observed up to 7 days. The maximum number of larvae were observed in the lungs of primary infected mice on 10 days after inoculation. In the lungs of reinfected mice, maximum number of larvae were recovered on 7 days after, only few larvae were recovered on 10 days after reinfection. As regards the growth of the larvae, the third stage larvae, over 500 micrometer in length, appeared in livers at 5 days after reinfection, but it couldn't be found on 7 days and 10 days after challenge. The third stage larvae continuously developed were observed in lungs of mice from 5 days after reinfection. In conclusion, it was found that development of larvae in livers of immune mice were probably repressed by the immune mechanisms being rised in livers and defence mechanism is also acting by interfering with the process of larval penetration into the lung from the liver.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; immunology ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; mouse

The purpose of this study was to identify the branching patterns and the distribution of the cortical branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in 100 cerebral hemispheres of Korean adults. The intracranial arteries were perfused with red latex compounds. The territory of the MCA was divided into 12 areas: orbitofrontal, prefrontal, precentral, central, anterior parietal, posterior parietal, angular, temporo -occipital, posterior temporal, middle temporal, anterior temporal and temporopolar. Branching pattern of the main trunk of the MCA was divided into five types: Type I: a single -trunk type of MCA in 34% of cases; Type II: bifurcation (57%); Type III: trifurcation (5%); Type IV: quadrifurcation (1%); Type V: two MCAs originated from the internal carotid artery (3%). The MCA of the bifurcation type was classified into equal bifurcation (20%), superior trunk dominant (11%) and inferior trunk dominant (26%) according to the cortical area. The superior trunk of the equal bifurcation supplied from the orbitofrontal to posterior parietal area. The outer diameter of the main trunk of the MCA was 3.15 +/-0.52 mm on average. The anatomical types of the MCA were discussed with the related symptoms in disease of the MCA.
Adult ; Arteries ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Cerebrum ; Humans ; Latex ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Rabeprazole

No abstract available.
Child ; Femoral Fractures ; Humans

Objectives: Beyond the original application approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein- 2 (rhBMP-2) is used for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) treatment because of its bone remodeling enhancement properties. The purpose of the study was to investigate the bone formation effect of rhBMP-2/absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in patients with MRONJ. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 26 female patients diagnosed with MRONJ and who underwent mandibular sequestrectomy at Ajou University Dental Hospital from 2010 to 2018 were included. The experimental group was composed of 18 patients who received rhBMP-2/ACS after sequestrectomy, while the control group was composed of 8 patients who did not receive rhBMP-2/ACS after sequestrectomy. A total dose of 0.5 mg of rhBMP-2 was used in the experimental group at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. Follow-up panoramic X-rays were taken immediately after the surgery and more than 6 months after the surgery. Using those X-rays, a radiographic index of bone defect area was calculated using the modified Ihan Hren method, which measures radiographic density of the normal bone and the defect site. Results: This study suggests that rhBMP-2 contributes to new bone formation. The mean radiographic index immediately after surgery and more than 6 months after the surgery for the experimental group was 68.4% and 79.8%, respectively. The mean radiographic index immediately after surgery and more than 6 months after the surgery for the control group was 73.4% and 76.7%, respectively (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P>0.05). The mean radiographic index increased 11.4% in the experimental group and 3.27% in the control group (Mann–Whitney U-test, P <0.05). Conclusion Based on the results, use of rhBMP-2/ACS on bone defect sites after sequestrectomy could be a successful strategy for treatment of MRONJ patients.

6months); were analyzed by linear measurement to evaluate changes in position (hard tissue B, Pogonion point)and compare relapse between both groups.]]>
Chin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genioplasty ; Osteotomy ; Recurrence

PURPOSE: The postoperative hospital stay after gastric cancer surgery is usually 8 to 14 days. The main reason for a prolonged hospital stay may be the 3 to 4 day period of postoperative starvation. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of a critical pathway for early recovery after gastric cancer surgery, and this pathway included early postoperative feeding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred three consecutive patients who underwent gastric resection and reconstruction for gastric cancer from October 2007 to June 2008 at St. Mary's Hospital were prospectively enrolled in a fast-track critical pathway. The pathway included minimal preoperative procedures, optimal pain relief, proper fluid administration, early mobilization and early enteral nutrition at postoperative 1 day. The exclusion criteria were determined preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the 103 patients, 19 patients were excluded for preoperative (5), intraoperative (7) and postoperative (7) reasons. Eighty-four patients (81.6%) were included in the fast-track critical pathway. Sixty-eight (88.6%) of 84 patients were discharged at the planned 8 day after surgery during the initial period of the study, and the postoperative hospital stay was shortened up to 6 days during the more recent period. Postoperative complications occurred in 22 patients (26.2%), and these were gastrointestinal track-related complications in 6 cases (3 cases of ileus, 1 case of stasis and 2 cases of leakage) and infection-related complications in 8 cases. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of morbidity according to the clinic-operative features that included age, gender, stomach resection and lymphadenectomy. CONCLUSION: The fast-track critical pathway with using the available exclusion criteria was a valid option for patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery.
Critical Pathways ; Early Ambulation ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Ileus ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Postoperative Complications ; Preoperative Care ; Prospective Studies ; Starvation ; Stomach ; Stomach Neoplasms

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to observe the decrease in tooth color after home and office bleaching due to consumption of juice, soda, and coffee over a period of one year. METHODS: We obtained written consent from 30 subjects, who were divided into two groups i.e., home bleaching and office bleaching groups. They were treated with opalessence® and Zoom2 whitening gel, and the color of their teeth was assessed using shade Eye-NCC over a one-year period. A self-describing questionnaire was used to determine the frequency of juice, soda, and coffee consumption. RESULTS: The changes in color were measured before and after 1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Although the tooth color slightly changed after 12 months, the teeth were brighter than the original color. Consumption of juices, sodas, and coffee is thought to be associated with decrease in tooth color, although the change was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: The ΔE* values showed that the tooth bleaching effect remained for 12 months. Consuming a normal amount of juice, sodas, and coffee does not significantly reduce tooth color after tooth bleaching.
Coffee ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Tooth Bleaching* ; Tooth*

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to compare the accuracy of computered tomography(CT) and sonography(US) in diagnosing acute appendicitis and to analyze the radiologic factors which influence the result. METHODS: We retrospectively studied the cases of 53 patients who were suspected of having appendicitis and who were examined by CT and US covered a three-year period. The final diagnosis was determined from the surgico-pathologic diagnosis and clinical follow-up for two months, as well as from the discharge diagnosis. RESULTS: Thirty-eight(38) patients had acute appendicitis; 15 patients did not. In the analysis, CT and US, respectively, revealed sensitivities of 89.5% and 73.7%, specificities of 93.3% and 60.0%, positive predictive values of 97.1% and 82.4%, negative predictive values of 77.8% and 47.4%. Among patients diagnosed with acute appendicitis, 10 patients were discordant in the US and the CT examinations; CT findings were correct in 8 and US findings in 2. Among non-appendicitis patients, 5 patients were discordant in the US and the CT examinations; CT was correct in 5 and US in 0. Nighteen(19) patients had complications such as an abscess or a perforation. Among these patients, the degree and the extent of the complication were accurately evaluated by CT in 15 patients and by US in 5 patients. CONCLUSION: CT is more accurate than US in diagnosing and excluding acute appendicitis. The use of CT will substantially decrease unnecessary laparotomies and post-operation complications.
Abscess ; Appendicitis* ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Infarction* ; Spinal Cord Vascular Diseases ; Spinal Cord*

OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the cerebral protective effect of thiopental, propofol and dantrolene in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model of rats, which ventilated spontaneously and showed definitely decreased EEG activities which is compatible with cerebral focal ischemia. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with halothane. In control group, halothane(1-1.3 vol%) was inhaled by mask. In thiopental and propofol group, halothane was switched to each drug about 20 minutes before MCAO. In dantrolene group, dantrolene was administered 20 minutes before MCAO with halothane inhalation. Middle cerebral artery was occluded for 120 minutes. The focal ischemic proess was confirmed by ipsilateral suppression of EEG, expressed by compressed spectral array. The volume percentage of infarcted brain was measured. RESULTS: The percentage of infarct volume in thiopental group(13.7+/-4.6%) was significantly smaller than other groups(control group : 28.4+/-4.2%, propofol group:32.3+/-6.7%, dantrolene group : 31.9+/-5.4%). But, there was no statistically meaningful difference between control group, propofol group, and dantrolene group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that only thiopental has brain protective effect against focal cerebral ischemia.
Animals ; Brain ; Brain Ischemia* ; Dantrolene* ; Electroencephalography ; Halothane ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Inhalation ; Ischemia ; Masks ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Propofol* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thiopental*