Objective To study the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) and E-selectin on the aorta of artherosclerosis and explore the relationship between these molecules and artherosclerosis(AS).Methods Human arterial specimens were collected from 18 cadavers,including 5 with normal arterial tunica intima(control) and 13 with pathologically identified AS(AS group).Analysis were carried out in consecutive sections by immunohistochemical staining for ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and E-selectin.Results ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and E-selectin positive cells were mainly located in the tunica intima and adventitia of AS aorta.More positive cells were observed obviously in AS group than in control(P

?AIM: To investigate the compliance in patients with topical glaucoma therapy, and identify the most frequent barriers to adherence.?METHODS: One-on-one interview and questionnaire were taken to investigate the compliance with hypotensive eye drops in 366 patients who had been diagnosed as glaucoma and received the therapy for at least 6mo in Wuhan and suburban district from July 2014 to June 2015 in Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital.?RESULTS: The proportion of compliance was 44. 3%( 162/366 ) . Factors significantly influencing compliance included severity of the better eye, the severity of symptom when attacked, duration of medication and whether to administrate on the same time daily ( OR=5. 700,0. 554,0. 336,0. 558,P<0. 05). Age, gender, marital status, education level, economic status, domicile, knowledge of the disease, suffering from other diseases with medication, type of glaucoma, type of eye drop, frequency were not associated with a higher rate of non-compliance.? CONCLUSION: Compliance in patients with topical glaucoma therapy in Wuhan is poor. Regularly carrying out relevant health education and interventions is very important.

Abstract?AIM: To assess the efficacy and adverse reactions of two concentrations of diluted botulism toxin A ( BTX-A) for blepharospasm.?METHODS:Totally 220 patients (440 eyes) confirmedas blepharospasm in our department ( from January 2013 to January 2015 ) , were divided randomly into two groups:110 in high concentration group and 110 in low concentration group.The two groups were given local injections with 25 U/mL or 40 U/mL concentration of botulism toxin type A to the upper and lower eyelids orbicular muscle, corrugator, reducing eyebrow muscle and procerus respectively.We observed dosage of two groups, the treatment effect, the duration of the effect and the incidence of adverse reactions.?RESULTS: The high concentration group was given the BTX-A with 48.33 ±4.02U, the low concentration group was given the BTX-A with 28.51 ±3.42U,the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05).The differences of post-operative evaluation of curative effect, onset time and duration of the effect between the groups were not statistically significant ( P >0.05 ). Sixteen cases had ptosis in different levels in the high concentration group, and 2 in the low concentration group, the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.01).There were no serious complications such as intoxication, drug allergy in both groups.Ptosis relieved after using naphcon-A and disappeared in 2-3 wk.?CONCLUSION: The efficacy of local injection with two concentrations of diluted botulinum toxin A for blepharospasm was positive. Considering the high incidence of ptosis in high concentration group, we recommended the 25U/mL botulism toxin A for blepharospasm.

Objective: To search for the coupling mechanism of connexin 43 (CX43) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) together inducing brain edema formation in glioma. Methods: Intracranial C6 glioma xenograft models were established in the rats, then magnetic resonance imaging detection was used to find the tumor and brain edema, and immunofluorescence and Western blotting method were used to detect CX43 and AQP4 expressions in both intratumoral and peritumoral tissues. C6 glioma cells and normal glial cells were cultured in hypotonic medium, then RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) was used to detect and compare CX43 and AQP4 mRNA expression trends. AQP4 or CX43 expression was silenced in C6 glioma cells and normal glial cells by siRNA (small interference RNA) technology, then the other genetic change was detected by RT-PCR. Results: In C6 glioma xenograft models, CX43 expression was missed and AQP4 expression was slightly elevated in the intratumoral tissues. But in the peritumoral tissues, CX43 expression was slightly elevated and AQP4 expression was significantly increased. In vitro, the hypotonic environment induced elevation of AQP4 and CX43 mRNA levels with time-varying degrees in both normal glial cells and C6 glioma cells, but the change degree of normal glial cells was significantly lower than that of tumor cells, and the time window of CX43 changes was backward of AQP4. The elevated degree of CX43 was significantly decreased when AQP4 expression was silenced by siRNA in C6 cells (P < 0.05), while the AQP4 expression was not affected by CX43 expression silencing in normal cells (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There are two different mechanisms of AQP4 and CX43 inducing brain edema formation intratumorally and in the edge of glioma. CX43 may be one of the potential downstream regulatory factors of AQP4. Copyright © 2013 by TUMOR.

Objective To observe the effects of blocking renin-angiotensin system with losartan or perindopril on renal angiotensinⅡand its type 1 receptor （AT1R） expression in STZ-induced （diabetic） rats. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal control group （NC） and （diabetic） group. Diabetes was induced by STZ （65 mg/kg） abdominal injection. Four weeks later, diabetic rats were further divided into 4 groups: diabetic rats treated with losartan (DL, 20 mg·kg-1·d-1),diabetic rats treated with perindopril (DP,2 mg·kg-1·d-1) and diabetic untreated control group（DC）. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma and renal angiotensin （Ⅱ.）Expression of AT1R was detected by RT-PCR in each group before and after 12 week′s treatment. Results At the 4th week, renal AT1R expression decreased. At the 16th week, plasma angiotensinⅡ,renal angiotensinⅡand AT1R mRNA in diabetic untreated group were significantly higher than those in normal rats. （Renal） angiotensinⅡand AT1R in losartan or perindopril-treatmented group were significantly lower than those in DC group. Conclusion Intrarenal RAS is abnormal in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Renoprotective effects of losartan and perindopril may partly induced by inhibiting renal angiotensinⅡ and AT1R （expression.）

Objective To analyze the prevalence and diversity of genotype resistant mutations in 123 HIV/AIDS patients experiencing failure of high antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Yunnan province.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 151 HIV/AIDS patients experiencing failure of antiretroviral therapy form January 2011 to January 2012 in Yunnan province.The HIV-1 pol gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),the sequences were then submitted to the Stanford University HIV drug resistance database to analyze the prevalence of resistant mutations.The resistant mutations were statistically analyzed by gender,ethnic groups,transmission route and subtype,respectively.The chi-square or fisher's exact test was used for statistical test.Results Of the 151 cases,123 plasma samples were amplified successfully for protease PR (codon 1-99) and reverse transcriptase RT (codon 1-272) fragments.The most common mutation was M184 (72.4％),followed by the mutation at position K103 (47.2％),T215 (26.0％),D67 (15.4％),G190 (34.1％),Y181 (29.3％),K101 (17.1％).The frequency of mutations at position V75,A62 and M230 was higher in male population than that in female population (x2 =7.001,6.975,5.446,P ＜ 0.05).The frequency of variants at position Tl215,K70 and T69 was higher in the Han population than in the other ethnic population(x2 =5.290,4.060,3.860,P＜ 0.05).It was interesting that the variant M41L was rare in the other ethnic groups.The significant difference existed at various transmission routes.Frequencies of variants at position T215 and T69 were significantly higher among people infected HIV-I through sexual contact than the intravenous drug users (x2 =10.431,7.952,P ＜ 0.05).Frequencies of variants at position G190 were significantly higher among the intravenous drug users than the population infected HIV-1 through sexual contact(x2 =6.669,P ＜ 0.05),but the variant M230L never occurred in intravenous drug users.The RT mutations V75,T69,M230 were more frequently occurred in patients infected with CRF01_AE than in patients with subtype B (P＜ 0.05).The mutation L74 was never seen in patients infected with CRFOI_AE (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The HIV/AIDS patients with failure of high antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were attributed to HIV-1 genotype resistance mutations.The mutation sites among the HAART failure patients from the regions of Dehong,Gejiu,Wenshan and Yuxi were significant difference accordance among the gender,ethnicith,transmission route and subtype,respectively.

Objective To explore the relationship of acute infections of Epstein-Barr virus and hydrops fetalis and explore the harm to fetuses and the affection on pregnancy outcomes caused by acute EBV infection during pregnancy. Methods 40 cases hydrops fetalis were diagnosed by ultrasonography. The difference between the EBEA-IgM positive and negative patients blood were studied. 101 cases over the same period of pregnant women with normal fetuses were enrolled as a control group. Results The positive rate of EBEA-IgM in pregnant women (95%) was significantly higher than that of control group(48.5%,P＜0.01). And the differences of the ratio of still birth and live birth and abnormal fetuses induction of labor between the groups were statistically significant（P＜0.01）. Premature birth among the live birth (40%) was obviously higher than that of control group (10.9%,P＜0.05). Conclusions Active infection of EBV in pregnancy was relevant to the hydrops fetalis and there need to pay attention to the detection of EBV during pregnancy.

Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; immunology ; Pericytes ; metabolism ; physiology

Objective To score the fall risk of hospitalized patients with neurologic disease using fall risk scale and observe the changes of fall risk score after this fall risk scale was used. Methods The fall risk scale in hospitalized patients in neurology department was designed. The fall risk of hospitalized patients in neurology department from January 2005 to December 2007 were assessed. Moreover, safety nursing mea-sures were brought into practice to prevent from falling down. The fall risk of hospitalized patients in neurolo-gy department from January 2002 to December 2004 were assessed too. Results Target patients enhanced the sense of preventing from falling down after the fall risk scale was used, and the incidence of falls in pa-tients was significantly decreased. Conclusions To assess the fall risk of hospitalized patients in neurology department and implement safety nursing measures among the target patients may be effective in preventing the patients from falling down.