Antifungal Agents ; therapeutic use ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; pathogenicity ; Brain Abscess ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neuroaspergillosis ; complications ; pathology ; Occipital Lobe ; pathology ; Pulmonary Aspergillosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

Janus kinase 2,myeloproliferative leukemia virus and tet encogene family member2 mutations affect a variety of cytokines signal transduction pathway in BCR/ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). In the influence of mutation load,co-mutation and genetic susceptibility,these mutations can induce different MPN phenotypes,and affect the characteristics of patients,the distribution of peripheral blood cells and prognosis. But how these mutations contribute to disease initiation,development,and transformation needs further reseach.

Codon ; Computational Biology ; methods ; Evolution, Molecular ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; Influenza Vaccines ; immunology ; Molecular Biology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry

Adamantinoma ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Mandibular Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the effect of preoperative chemotherapy for children with malignant extragonadial germinoma. Methods Twenty patients with malignant extrogonadal germinoma had been treated with preoperative chemotherapy from Mar.2003 to Mar.2007.Protocol 1 of chemotherapy was to improve PEB:(cisplatin plus etoposide plus bleomycin A5);Protocol 2 was VAC(vincristine plus actinomycin D plus cyclophosphamide) the average time span of the chemotherapy was 16 weeks.Upon completion of chemotherapy,tumor resection was performed.The content of alpha fetoprotein(AFP) was determined before operation and compared with the content before chemotherapy.Re-gular follow-up procedure was taken after operation. Results All 20 patients received chemotherapy and underwent operation.The removal rate of resection operation was 100%,the process of operation was smooth.The volume of tumors in 14 patients decreased over 50% compared with those before chemotherapy.The response rate was 70%.The content of AFP decreased significantly in 15 patients(75%).Fifteen patients had been living without tumor for up to 2 years,for 5 cases the survival time went beyond 5 years. Conclusions Malignant extrogonadal ger-minoma in children grow infiltratively,bring detrimental effects to neighboring organs,and bring obstacles to resection operation.Chemotherapy for children with malignant extragonadal germinoma before operation can reduce volume of tumor and bleeding during operation,raise the resectability rate and lower the content of AFP.It will enhance the effectiveness of operation and improve prognosis.Therefore,it can be used as a conventional clinical method.

BackgroundLimbal stem cell deficiency usually leads to blindness, and traditional therapy is limited. Recent research demonstrated that bone mesenchymal stem cells ( BMSCs ) and human amniotic epithelial cells(AECs) could differentiate into many kinds of cells including corneal epithelial cells, but the outcome and effect of these cells on corneal stem cell deficiency are still unclear. ObjectiveThis study aimed to observe and compare the effects of rabbit BMSCs and human AECs transplantation for rabbit limbal stem cell deficiency. Methods Eighteen clean New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the amniotic stroma(AS) group, rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group with 6 rabbits for each group. Limbal stem cell deficiency models were established by putting a piece of filter paper that had been soaked in a NaOH solution at the corneal center. Rabbit BMSCs were isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation combined with the attachment culture method, and human AECs were collected by a sequential trypsin digestion technique,and the third generation rabbit BMSCs and the first generation human AECs were identified with RT-PCR. After that,cells were inoculated onto the denuded AS and grafted to the corneal surface of the experimental animals. Twenty-eight days after cell transplantation, the therapeutic effects were evaluated based on the corneal neovascularization and opacity scores. Corneal histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness among AS,rabbit BMSCs and human AECs on corneal stem cell deficiency. The procedure complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. ResultsThe third generation of rabbit BMSCs grew well after 12 hours, and the first generation of human AECs formed a membrane-like monolayer after 48 hours of incubation on AS. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that, 28 days after transplantation, the surface cells of the cornea were positive for cytokeratin 3 in both the rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group.Compared with the AS group,the corneal neovascularization and opacity grades were significantly decreased in the rabbit BMSCs group( Z=-2. 983, P =0. 003 ; Z =-2. 844, P =0. 004 ) and human AECs group ( Z =-2. 817, P =0. 005 ; Z =-2.041, P =0. 041 ). Histopathological analysis exhibited that stratified corneal epithelial-like cells formed on the corneal stroms 28 days after grafting and no signs of goblet cells and neovascularization were found. Less inflammatory cells and regular collagen fiber could be seen in the rabbit BMSCs group and human AECs group. In addition,clinical observation also revealed that the corneas were much clearer in the rabbit BMSCs group than the human A ECs group( Z =-2. 091 , P=0. 037 ), but the corneal neovascularization score was similar between them (Z = -0. 267,P=-0. 789). ConclusionsRabbit BMSCs and human AECs can differentiate into corneal epithelial-like cells onthedamagedcornealsurfaceandfurtherdemonstrateremarkableinhibitoryeffectsoncornealneovascularization and inflammatory cells. The more dominant and prominent effect is the role played by rabbit BMSCsin the improvement of corneal transparency.

Background Posterior capsular opacification (PCO)affects the pseudoaccommodation of 1CU accommodative intraocular lens (1CU AIOL).At present,few studies on the effect of PCO and Nd∶ YAG laser capsulotomy on intraocular shifting of 1CU AIOL are published.Objective The present study was to evaluate the effect of PCO and Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy on the shifting of 1CU AIOL.Methods A respective serial caseobservational study was designed.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to this study.Twentyfour eyes of 20 patients with PCO after phacoemulsification and implantation of 1CU AIOL were included in this study.Ocular examination was performed 3 months after IOL implantation,1 day before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy and 3 months after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy to evaluate the distance corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA).The difference in the anterior chamber depths before and after administering 1％ pilocarpine topical eye drops was measured with the IOLMaster to determine the intraocular shifts of the IOL.The extent of IOL shifting was compared among 3 time points to assess the factors influencing IOL accommodation after 1CU AIOL implantation.Results The shifting amplitude of 1CU AIOL was(0.44±0.21)mm 3 months after implantation of 1CU AIOL,(0.27±0.11)mm 1 day before Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy,and (0.34±0.10) mm 3 months after Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy,showing a significant difference among them(F=7.180,P=0.001).The shifting amplitude of 1CU AIOL significantly declined 1 day before Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy in comparison with 3 months after implantation of 1 CU AIOL(P =0.006).The shifting amplitude 3 months after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy increased slightly in comparison with 1 day before Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy(P=0.059).DCNVA was(3.1±0.9)J 3 months after implantation of 1CU AIOL,(6.2±0.8) J 1 day before Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy and(3.4±0.7) J 3 months after Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy,with a significant difference among them (F =110.270,P =0.000).DCNVA was lower 1 day before Nd∶ YAG laser capsulotomy than 3 months after implantation of 1CU AIOL(P＜0.05).However,DCNVA was higher 3 months after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy than that of 1 day before Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy (P＜0.05).There was no significant correlations between DCNVA and IOL movement 3 months after IOL implantation,1 day before Nd∶ YAG laser capsulotomy and 3 months after Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy (r1 =-0.150,P1 =0.486,r2 =-0.320,P2 =0.122,r3 =-0.100,P3 =0.633).Conclusions The shifting amplitude of 1CU AIOL markedly declines due to PCO.No clinically significant influence of Nd ∶ YAG laser capsulotomy on the shifting amplitude of 1 CU AIOL is found.DCNVA can improve after Nd∶YAG laser capsulotomy.Multiple inter-related factors concerning pseudophakic accommodation may influence DCNVA.

Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Infant, Newborn

Objective To explore the effect of oxytocin on uterine fibroids treated by ultrasound ablation. Methods Eighty-two single points in 29 uterine fibroids from 26 patients were sonicated with magnetic resonance imaging guided by high intensity focused ultrasound before and after using oxytocin. The required total energy, sonication time required to reach 60 ℃ and the acoustic energy for increasing 1 ℃ of temperature at the single point before and after using oxytocin were compared. Results Before intravenous infusion of oxytocin, the average total sonication energy required to reach 60 ℃ was (5320 ±910) J and it took (21 ±20) seconds for sonicating a single point, the energy required for increasing 1 ℃ was (255 ± 302) J. In contrast, after intravenous infusion of oxytocin, the average total sonication energy required to reach 60 ℃ was (2890 ±325) J, and it took (12 ±7) seconds for sonicating a single point, the energy required for increasing 1 ℃ was ( 126 ± 94 ) J. Those three index all reached statistical difference ( P = 0.002, P = 0.001, P= 0.002, respectively). Conclusion It seemed that Oxytocin could significantly decrease the energy required for ablating uterine fibroids, shorten treatment time and improve the treatment efficiency.