New antidepressants have become available for clinical use in the 1990s. Before this decade, the drugs available to treat depression consisted essentially of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium. Following the introduction of SSRIs, the options have expanded and now include SSRIs nefazodone, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, reboxetine, tianeptine. Newer antidepressants possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics that are relevant to the choice of an antidepressant for clinical use. This review summarizes some of the major pharmacological characteristics among the drugs.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Depression ; Lithium ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

The genetically determined CYP2D6 activity may be considered to be associated with antipsychotic induced extrapyramidal side effects with inter-individual variation. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Mspl restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) for 194 schizophrenics. Subjects with a 334bp band were classified a1a1, those with 229bp and 105bp bands a2a2, and those with all three bands a1a2. We did not identify schizophrenic subject with poor metabolizer. 194 schizophrenic patients previously treated neuroleptic medication, were assessed by Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). The cases were composed of 33 akathisia, 47 parkinsonism, 21 tardive dyskinesia. These results are similar to the previous understanding that the poor metabolizer is very rare in Orientals compared to Caucasians, therefore, it considered that CYP2D6 genotypes have maybe no association with schizophrenia and extrapyramidal side effects in Koreans.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma*

No abstract available.
Amyloid* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Multiple Myeloma*

Using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) technique, 36 skin specimens from 30 patients with primary and secondary syphilis and a gastric mucosal specimen from a patient with secondary syphilis which were confirmed by clinical history, physical examination, the VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPHA, and 19s(IgM)-FTA test, were examined. The results were compared with that of the indirect mmunoperoxidase technique which was done by authors previously with same specimens. The following results were obtained. 1. Of the 37 specimens, 35(95%) were positive in ABC technique and 33 of the 37 specirnens(89%) were positive in the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. 2. The ratio of agreement of the results between the ABC and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique was 89%. 3. Most of the treponemes were located in the upper dermis, epidermis, and blood vessel walls in the arder named, and rarely in the lower dermis of the syphilitic skin lesions. There was no remarkable difference in histologic distribution of treponemes between the clinical stages and types of syphilitic skin lesions. :From the results, the ABC technique is considered to be an excellent method for detecting the treponemes in the suspected syphilitic lesions.
Avidin* ; Biotin* ; Blood Vessels ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Peroxidase* ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Treponema pallidum* ; Treponema*

Using the indirect immunoperoxidase and FTA ABS complement techniques, 36 skin specimen: from 30 patients with primary and secondary syphilis and a gastric mucosal specimen from a patient with secondary syphilis which were confirmed by elinical history, physical examination, VDRL, FTA ABS, TPHA, and 19s(IgM)-FTA test, were examined. The follwing results were obtained. l. Of the 37 specimens, 33(89%) were positive in the indirect immunoperoxidase techique and 26 of the 37 specimens(70g) were positive in the FTA ABS complement technique. Of the 17 specimens, 12(71%) were positive in the darkfield examination. 2. The ratio of agreement of the results between the indirect immunoperoxidase and FTA ABS complement techniques was 81%, The ratio of agreement of the results between the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and darkfield examination was 82%. 3. Most, of the treponemes were located in the upper dermis, epidermis, and blood vessel walls in the order named, and rarely in the lower dermis of the syphilitic skin lesion. There was no remarkable difference in histologic clistribution of treponemes between the clinical stages and types of syphilitic skin lesions. From the results, the indirect immunoperoxidase technique is considered a superior method than the FTA ABS complement technique and darkfield examination for detecting the treponemes in the suspected syphilitic lesions.
Blood Vessels ; Complement System Proteins* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Treponema pallidum* ; Treponema*

No abstract available.
Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1

No abstract available.
Connective Tissue* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus* ; Osteoma*

The clinical applications of free have been extended tremendously in head and neck reconstruction. In a nine-year period, 92 microvascular free flaps were performed to repair the defects following major head and neck ablative surgery. Twenty-one transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, 18 radial foream flaps, 15 latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 12 jejunal flaps, 8 fibular osteocutaneous flaps, 6 rectus abdominis muscle flaps, 6 iliac osteomyocutaneous flaps, 2 groin fasciocutaneous flaps, 1 scapular fasciocutaneous flap, 1 parascapular osteocutaneous flap, 1 tensor fascia lata muscle flap and 1 serratus anterior muscle flap were used for reconstruction. Twenty-five maxillary defects including the orbit or skull base, 16 pharyngoesophageal defects, 15 intraoral defects, 15 mandibular defects, 13 scalp defects, 1 cervical region and 7 other facial region were covered with various free flaps. The overall success rate of the flaps was 95.6%. The complications included total flap loss (3 cases), partial flap loss (1 case), recurrence of primary tumors (15 cases), cerebrospinal fluid leakage (3 cases), fistula formation (3 cases) and infection (5 cases). Superficial temporal artery, facial artery, superior thyroidal artery, lingual artery, occipital artery, transverse cervical artery were commonly used recipient arteries and 7 cases of vein grafts were used if indicated. End to end anastomosis was performed in 84 cases and end to side anastomosis in 8 cases. The average follow-up period was 42 months, ranging from 6 months to 8 years. One patent died during postoperative intensive care due to sepsis and 19 patients died because of recurrence of tumors and underlying medical diseases during the follow-up period. Although free flaps may appear to be riskier than traditional forms of reconstruction, they offer the surgeon a greater spectrum of reconstructive options. Free flap reconstruction also improves the quality of life and minimizes the loss of function. Limitations of the use of free flaps result only from a lack of technical skills and specialized equipment.
Arteries ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Fascia Lata ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Groin ; Head* ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Neck* ; Orbit ; Quality of Life ; Rectus Abdominis ; Recurrence ; Scalp ; Sepsis ; Skull Base ; Superficial Back Muscles ; Temporal Arteries ; Thyroid Gland ; Transplants ; Veins