New antidepressants have become available for clinical use in the 1990s. Before this decade, the drugs available to treat depression consisted essentially of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, and lithium. Following the introduction of SSRIs, the options have expanded and now include SSRIs nefazodone, venlafaxine, mirtazapine, reboxetine, tianeptine. Newer antidepressants possess a variety of pharmacological characteristics that are relevant to the choice of an antidepressant for clinical use. This review summarizes some of the major pharmacological characteristics among the drugs.
Antidepressive Agents ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic ; Depression ; Lithium ; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors ; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

The genetically determined CYP2D6 activity may be considered to be associated with antipsychotic induced extrapyramidal side effects with inter-individual variation. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 was determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and Mspl restriction fragment length polymorphisms(RFLP) for 194 schizophrenics. Subjects with a 334bp band were classified a1a1, those with 229bp and 105bp bands a2a2, and those with all three bands a1a2. We did not identify schizophrenic subject with poor metabolizer. 194 schizophrenic patients previously treated neuroleptic medication, were assessed by Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale(ESRS). The cases were composed of 33 akathisia, 47 parkinsonism, 21 tardive dyskinesia. These results are similar to the previous understanding that the poor metabolizer is very rare in Orientals compared to Caucasians, therefore, it considered that CYP2D6 genotypes have maybe no association with schizophrenia and extrapyramidal side effects in Koreans.
Antipsychotic Agents* ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6* ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System* ; Cytochromes* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Schizophrenia

No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Carcinoma*

No abstract available.
Amyloid* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Multiple Myeloma*

Using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex(ABC) technique, 36 skin specimens from 30 patients with primary and secondary syphilis and a gastric mucosal specimen from a patient with secondary syphilis which were confirmed by clinical history, physical examination, the VDRL, FTA-ABS, TPHA, and 19s(IgM)-FTA test, were examined. The results were compared with that of the indirect mmunoperoxidase technique which was done by authors previously with same specimens. The following results were obtained. 1. Of the 37 specimens, 35(95%) were positive in ABC technique and 33 of the 37 specirnens(89%) were positive in the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. 2. The ratio of agreement of the results between the ABC and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique was 89%. 3. Most of the treponemes were located in the upper dermis, epidermis, and blood vessel walls in the arder named, and rarely in the lower dermis of the syphilitic skin lesions. There was no remarkable difference in histologic distribution of treponemes between the clinical stages and types of syphilitic skin lesions. :From the results, the ABC technique is considered to be an excellent method for detecting the treponemes in the suspected syphilitic lesions.
Avidin* ; Biotin* ; Blood Vessels ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Peroxidase* ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Treponema pallidum* ; Treponema*

Using the indirect immunoperoxidase and FTA ABS complement techniques, 36 skin specimen: from 30 patients with primary and secondary syphilis and a gastric mucosal specimen from a patient with secondary syphilis which were confirmed by elinical history, physical examination, VDRL, FTA ABS, TPHA, and 19s(IgM)-FTA test, were examined. The follwing results were obtained. l. Of the 37 specimens, 33(89%) were positive in the indirect immunoperoxidase techique and 26 of the 37 specimens(70g) were positive in the FTA ABS complement technique. Of the 17 specimens, 12(71%) were positive in the darkfield examination. 2. The ratio of agreement of the results between the indirect immunoperoxidase and FTA ABS complement techniques was 81%, The ratio of agreement of the results between the indirect immunoperoxidase technique and darkfield examination was 82%. 3. Most, of the treponemes were located in the upper dermis, epidermis, and blood vessel walls in the order named, and rarely in the lower dermis of the syphilitic skin lesion. There was no remarkable difference in histologic clistribution of treponemes between the clinical stages and types of syphilitic skin lesions. From the results, the indirect immunoperoxidase technique is considered a superior method than the FTA ABS complement technique and darkfield examination for detecting the treponemes in the suspected syphilitic lesions.
Blood Vessels ; Complement System Proteins* ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques* ; Physical Examination ; Skin ; Syphilis ; Treponema pallidum* ; Treponema*

No abstract available.
Connective Tissue* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Neurofibroma ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1

No abstract available.
Frontal Sinus* ; Osteoma*

Until recently, cranial base tumors or midfacial tumors were deemed unresectable due to an inability to accurately diagnose the extent of the involvement and to approach and excise the tumor safely. With refinements in CT and NMR scanning, as well as the development of craniofacial technique, reconstruction has become absolutely crucial in allowing successful resection of these tumors. Resection of these tumors may sometimes result in massive and complex extirpation defects that are not amendable to local tissue closure. In such cases, free tissue transfer was an effective alternative because it can provide a large amount of well-vascularized tissues arts reliable separation of the intracranial space from bacterial flora of the upper airway. Microvascular free tissue transfer was used in 15 patients at our center to reconstruct the cranial base and/or midfacial defects. Of these 12 were free rectus muscle flaps, 2 were free latissimus dorsi muscle flaps, 1 was a free scapular osteocutaneous flap and 1 was a free scapular fasciocutanegus flap. There were 2 cases of total flap loss. In those cases, revisions were performed using latissimus dorsi muscle free flap in one case and STSG in the other. One patient had a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak which was spontaneously resolved by conservative management. The large complex defects were successfully reconstructed by one-stage operation and the functional and esthetic results wee satisfactory with acceptable complication rates.
Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Skull Base* ; Superficial Back Muscles