No abstract available.
Gastroschisis*

No abstract available.
Gastroschisis* ; Hernia, Umbilical*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of experiences in home visiting nursing service among the elderly in community provided by nursing students. METHOD: This is a phenomenological study to investigate the experience of community-based patients. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from the 4th of March to the 15th of December 2003. Individual interviews were conducted with 8 patients on subjective experiences. Data were analyzed through Colaizzi's method, in which meaningful statements were extracted. RESULT: Four categories were identified from nine theme clusters. The four categories were 'thankfulness', 'dependence', 'sorrowfulness' and 'the sense of being'. CONCLUSION: These results show the importance of visiting nursing service for the elderly in community.
Aged* ; House Calls* ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Nursing Services* ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: This research was conducted to explore the relationship between spiritual well being and life attitude among breast cancer patients who were operated, and to increase understanding for wholistic nursing care. METHOD: With spiritual well being from quality of life questionnaire in breast cancer survivors (QOL-BR 23) of Ferrell et al (1998) and Life attitude profile (LAP) of Recker & Peacock (1981), the data were collected by research assistant in a sample of 56 women with stage 1-stage 3 breast cancer at surgery OPD after follow-up care. RESULT: Mean spiritual wellbeing score of subject was 5.83 (0-10) and life attitude was 4.96 (1-7). There were significant differences in life attitude according to monthly income (F=3.22, p=.03), and in spiritual wellbeing according to monthly income (F=4.16, p=.01) and religion (t=-3.67, p=.001) among demographic characteristics. There was significant difference in spiritual wellbeing according to the period passed after operation (F=2.89, p=.04) among disease characteristics. From life attitude domain, the mean score of "will to meaning" was the highest (5.30) and "existential vacuum" was the lowest (4.58). There was a significant relationship between spiritual wellbeing and "will to meaning" subscale of life attitude (r=.521, p=.000). The correlation coefficient showed r=.513 between spiritual well being and life attitude. CONCLUSION: Nurses could promote positive life attitude for breast cancer patients by improving spiritual well being with the encouragement of having religion expecially for long term breast cancer survivors in the process of their rehabilitation.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Nursing Care ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Survivors

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to explore changes in pain, mood and the level of posttrauma risk for 2 weeks after acute hand microsurgery and determine predictors of pain 2-week after microsurgery. METHOD: Using a sample of 84 patients with hand microsurgery, pain, mood, and posttrauma risk were measured by the Brief Pain Inventory-Korea, the modified Profile of mood states, and the Posttrauma risk checklist at 1-day, 1-week and 2-week post-microsurgery. Repeated measures ANOVA and Multiple regression analysis were conducted to evaluate changes in pain, mood, and posttrauma risk over time after the surgery and determine predictors of pain 2-week after the surgery. RESULTS: Pain significantly decreased (F=63.22, p<.001), mood significantly improved (F=41.04, p<.001) 2 weeks after microsurgery and interestingly, posttrauma risk significantly decreased from baseline to 1-week microsurgery but increased at 2-week after microsurgery (F=24.66, p<.001). Approximately 57% of the variance of pain 2-week post-microsurgery was explained by pain at 1-week post-microsurgery, mood and the numbers of injured fingers. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the pain control for 1week after acute surgery being critical and posttrauma rehabilitation of injured finger being necessary. Developing nursing interventions is urgently needed to help individuals with impending hand microsurgery.
Checklist ; Fingers ; Hand ; Hand Injuries ; Humans ; Microsurgery

No abstract available.
Cryopreservation* ; Humans* ; Spermatozoa*

PURPOSE: Heat therapy by heat lamp after microvascular surgery is being used for preventing blood vessels's contraction and blood-flow's disturbance. As usually, incandescent lamp has been used. But there have been several problems and need for improvement in the existing heat lamp treatment. So we would like to introduce improved heat lamp to keep an appropriate temperature and intensity of illumination. METHODS: The existing heat lamps are the ones of general light stands covered with newspaper, having 60 watt light bulb of incandescence and lampshade made of aluminum. We have tried to improve shortcomings of the existing heat lamps by enlarging the size of aluminum lampshade and attaching a curtain that can block heat and light. We conducted a comparative study between the existing and improved heat lamps. Under the assumption that there are several affected parts, we have also measured the distance from heat lamp to patients' eye region and then intensity of illumination. RESULT: The target temperature of surface was realized in 11 minutes with the maximum temperature reaching at 36.6 degrees C in 28 minutes at the existing heat lamp while the target temperature reached in 7 minutes with the maximum temperature reaching at 39.0 degrees C in 17 minutes at the improved heat lamp. The existing and improved heat lamp showed 38 lx and 0.1 lx of intensity of lumination, respectively. CONCLUSION: Using improved heat lamps, we can keep an appropriate temperature and we think we can make contribution to patients' treatment by making them and their neighbors able to sleep with minimized disturbance thanks to low intensity of illumination secured by blocking light.
Aluminum ; Contracts ; Eye ; Hot Temperature ; Incandescence ; Light ; Lighting ; Periodicals ; Spasm

To reconstruct the defect of nasal dorsum, factors such as skin color, texture and thickness should thoroughly be considered for more natural appearance. Authors would like to present 8 cases of soft tissue defect developed after augmentation with various materials that were treated with satisfactory results. This study is based on 8 patients who visited our clinic for the treatment of soft tissue defect on nasal radix after augmentation rhinoplasty. The materials used for augmentation were silicone implant in 5 cases, autologous microfat in 2 cases, and paraffin in 1 case. Guideline for treatment of soft tissue defects developed after augmentation as follows; 1. Soft tissue defects by silicone implant are treated with dressing or closure of the defect after removal of implant. 2. In cases of soft tissue defect after autologous microfat injection, conservative treatment can be recommended at first to increase the chance of microfat survival and infection control. Skin was resurfaced by scar healing or using the advancement local flap. 3. In paraffin injection case, conservative removal of foreign body and several months' wound dressing will obliterate dead space by granulation tissue and minimize the skin defect by wound contraction. Skin defect was reconstructed by advancement local flap.

The purposes of this study are to establish standard model in which endothelial cell proliferations are induced by DMH stimulation in vitro, and to analyze the gene expressions of proliferative HUVECs using DNA chip technique which could evaluate the mechanisms of angiogenesis, and the development of vascular tumors. To perform the MTT assay in 96-well microplates, 104 cells were seeded in each well which were cultured in medium. On the third day, the cells were treated with 5 different concentrations of diluted DMH from 10 to 10-3 ng/ml. Five DMH-treated groups were compared with the control group which was not treated with DMH. The optical densities in each group were measured at the time of 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after DMH treatment. The same experiment was repeated 9 times. Statistically significant cell proliferations were observed in 1 and 10-1ng/ml group. The RNAs were isolated from HUVECs of control group and 1ng/ml DMH-treated group, and they were used to analyze the gene expressions using DNA chip technique. One hundred and seventy-seven genes(142 of up-retulated genes and 35 down-regulated genes) were identified, and several genes were associated with VEGF and FGF production. Also DMH could affect expression of genes that involve oncogenesis. Further study should be performed to evaluate the processes of angiogenesis and morphogenesis of vascular tumors, which could be utilized in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Carcinogenesis ; Dimenhydrinate ; Dimethylhydrazines ; Endothelial Cells ; Gene Expression Profiling* ; Gene Expression* ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells* ; Humans* ; Morphogenesis ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; RNA ; Umbilical Veins ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

BACKGROUND: Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt using 3mm or 3.5mm PTFE graft has been performed in patients with small body weight or in candidates for single ventricle palliation. However, there are few reports concerning clinical outcomes in terms of pulmonary artery growth and shunt patency rate after shunt operations using such a small graft. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-five patients rate after shunt operations using 3 or 3.5 mm sized grafts from September 1996 to August 1999. We retrospectively assessed the pulmonary artery growth and the shunt patency rate by reviewing the pre-and post-operative pulmonary angiograms. The risk factors for late death and second shunt operations were also analyzed. To assess the presence of any correlation between body weight and selection of the graft size, regression analysis was done in 81 cases of shunt operations performed during the same period. RESULT: There were 1 (4%) early death and 5 (20%) late deaths. The survivors were followed up for an average of 7.34 months. The pulmonary artery index increased significantly from 129+/-66 mm2/m2 to 213+/-114 mm2/m2 (p=0.002). The shunt patency rate assessed at postoperative 2, 4, 6 and 8 months were 82.5%, 77%, 73% and 42% respectively with a marked decline between 6 and 8 months. Asplenia was a frequent finding for the patients with late death although the incidence failed to reach statistical significance (p=0.078). Pre-operative diagnosis of PA with VSD was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for a second shunt operation (p=0.01). Body weight(a) at operation and graft size (b) used in the shunt operations revealed strong correlation and could be expressed by the following formula; b=0.128a + 3.233. CONCLUSION: Adequate growth of pulmonary artery and satisfactory early patency rate could be obtained by modified Blalock-Taussing shunt using 3mm or 3.5mm graft. However, during 6 to 8 months after shunt operations, the patency rate fell sharply, which implicates that close observation and early intervention are mandatory in this period.
Blalock-Taussig Procedure ; Body Weight ; Diagnosis ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Humans ; Incidence ; Polytetrafluoroethylene* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Survivors ; Transplants*