The 213 first ribs Koreans were measured and morphologically studied. The results were as follows. 1. On average, the internal straight length of the first rib was 53.7mm (male), 49.9mm (female) ; the external straight length was 79.7mm (male), 75.4mm (female), the maximum straight length was 87.4mm (male), 81.2mm (female) ; the breadth was 15.2mm (male), 14.4mm (female) ; and the thickness was 5.5mm (male), 5.4mm (female). 2. The proportion of the scalene tubercle to the costal breadth was 0% to 90% (average 37%). 3. The incidence of the presence of the groove for the first thoracic nerve was 7.5%. 4. The common shapes of the articular surface of the head were ball-shape(41%), cylinder-shape (25%) and plane-shape (25%) ; and those of the tubercle were cylinder-shape (44%), saddle-shape (31%) and socket-shape (14%).
Head ; Incidence ; Ribs* ; Thoracic Nerves

We studied the intradural variations of spinal nerve rootlets in 100 cases of Korean adults. The results of the study are as follows ; 1. The incidence of intrasegmental variations (abberrant rootlets) is high in cervical segments and decreased toward lumbosacral segments. The incidence is higher in posterior rootlets than anterior, except cervical sesments. 2. The incidence of intersegmental variations is higher in posterior rootlets than anterior, and generally high in cervical and lumbar segments. 3. We divide the intersegmental variations into supernumerary rootlets, dividing rootlets, and anastomosing rootlets, and among them the incidence of anastomosing rootlets is higher. We divide the anastomosing rootlets into parallel anastomosing rootlets, uniting anastomosing rootlets, and rearrangement anastomosing rootlets. 4. The anterior to posterior anastomosing of spinal nerve rootlet is present in 4 of cases studied.
Adult ; Humans ; Incidence ; Spinal Nerves*

Thirty three cases of metastatic ovarian carcinoma were analysed cilincopathologically. The patient's age ranged from 20 to 68 years, the average being 44.3. Most ovarian tumors were bilateral and asymmertically enlarged, firm and occsaionally multicystic. Histologic examination revealed adenocarcinoma in 31 cases, of which Krukenberg tumors in 14; squamous cell carcinoma in 2. The most common primary site was gasrtointestinal(75.8%), followed by genital, breast and gallbaldder. Most Krukenberg tumors were originated from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of stomach. The ovarian and primary carcinomas were synchronously diagnosed in 15 cases, while in 3 cases the primary carcinoma was not round until the ovarian tumor had been removed.
Adenocarcinoma ; Neoplasm Metastasis

The ankle is an important joint supporting the entire musculoskeletal system during standing and walking. Current opinion has emphasized necessity of anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation for a displaced or unstable fracture of the ankle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the adequate surgical operative methods and postoperative care with prognosis. The authors analysed 104 cases of ankle fracture, treated operatively in Department of Orthopedic Surgery of Dae-Han Hospital from January 1991 to December 1994, followed up more than one year. The results were as follows: 1. According to the classification of Lauge-Hansen and Danis-Weber, the most common type was supination-external rotation and type B, respectively. 2. The most common cause of injury was slip down and the others were traffic accident, fall down and direct trauma. 3. According to the criteria of Meyer, the result of treatment was good or excellent in 94 cases (90.4%) radiologically and in 91 cases (87.5%) clinically. 4. The complications were 5 cases of traumatic arthritis, 3 cases of malunion, 2 cases of non-union and 1 case of infection. 5. The early ROM exercise after accurate reduction and rigid internal fixation was very important in treatment of fracture of the ankle.
Accidents, Traffic ; Ankle Fractures ; Ankle* ; Arthritis ; Classification ; Joints ; Musculoskeletal System ; Orthopedics ; Postoperative Care ; Prognosis ; Walking

The fracture of the tibial condyle involving the articular surface can produce some disability of the knee joint because it is frequently accompanied by soft tissue injury to the ligaments and menisci. Accurate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation with early mobilization is known to provide good results. The authors analysed 50 cases of the fracture of the tibial condyle which were treated with recent method(anatomical reduction, rigid fixation and early joint motion) at the Dae Han Hospital from January, 1988 to May, 1993. The results were summerized as follows: 1. The associated injuries were ligamentous injury in 24 cases(48%), fibular fracture in 21 cases(42%), femur fracture in 7 cases(14%) and meniscal injury in 7 cases(14%). 2. According to Hohl's classification, the split compression type was most common in 17 cases(34%), and there were 14 comminuted type(28%), 8 local compression type(16%), 7 total condylar compression type(14%) and 4 split type(8%). 3. Method of internal fixation were plate & screw in 32 cases(64%), tibial bolt & screw in 18 cases(36%), bone graft in 31 cases(62%), ligament repair in 24 cases(48%) and menisectomy in 4 cases(8%). 4. The clinical result by Insall's criteria were excellent in 37 cases(74%), good in 8(16%), fair in 3(6%), poor in 2(4%) among 50 cases.
Classification ; Early Ambulation ; Femur ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Ligaments ; Methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Transplants

Colles' fracture is a common injury encountered in emergency departments. Despite the frequent experience of every orthopedic surgeon with Colles' fracture, considerable variation remains in the treatment of fracture of the distal radius. Everyone nearly agress that reduction of the fracture is not difficult, but maintenance of reduction is the problem. Eighty patients with Colles' fracture were treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning under the C-arm fields and followed up more than 1 year, from January 1990 to May 1993 at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Dae Han Hospital. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The fractures were classified according to the system of Gartland and Werley. Of the 80 cases, 12(5%) were type 1; 25(31%) type 2; and 43(54%) type 3. 2. Complications were such as; temporary neuropathy of median nerve 2 cases, redisplacement 2 cases, radiocarpal arthritis 1 cases, stiff hand 1 case and shoulder hand syndrome 1 case. 3. The overall assessment showed exellent in 29 patients(36.2%), good in 44 patients(55,0%) and poor in 7 patients(8.8%) under the subjective and objective criteria of Gartland and Werley and the objective criteia of Scheck. 4. The results were mainly correlated with maintenance of an anatomical reduction. 5. The percutaneous pinning was suitable for anatomical restoration and maintence, had less com plication and more advantage such as the early range of joint and simple technique. Conclusively, it was considered to be one of ideal method for the treatment of Colles' fracture in selected cases.
Arthritis ; Colles' Fracture ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Median Nerve ; Methods ; Orthopedics ; Radius ; Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy

Recently, the incidence of fracture and dislocation of the proximal humerus has been increased with increment of traffic accident and industrial accident. Although most proximal humeral fractures can be treated satisfactorily by simple conservative treatment, the displaced fracture or fracture-dislocatiion of the proximal humerus demands special treatment and judgement. It has been reported that the results of the surgical treatment of the unstable fracture of the proximal humerus was better than that of conservative treatment. The authors analysed 32 cases displaced fracture or fracture-dislocation of the proximal humerus treated operatively which were followed up more than 1 year at the Dae Han Hospital from June, 1990 to May, 1993. The obtained results were as follows; l. According to Neer's classification, there were 2-part fracture in 3 cases(9%), 3-part in 17 cases(54%), 4-part in 2 cases(6%), fracture-dislocation in 8 cases(25%) and head splitting in 2 cases(6%). 2. The clinical results by Neer's criteria were excellent in 9 cases(28%), good in 14 cases(44%), fair in 7 cases(22%), and poor in 2 cases(6%) among the 32 cases. 3. The complication were limitation of motion in 4 cases, avscular necrosis of humeral head in 2 cases, nonunion in 1 case, delayed union in 1 case, ectopic ossification in 1 case and malunion in 1 case. 4. In the unstable fracture of the proximal humerus treated by accurate reduction and rigid fixation with intensive rehabilitation can be obtained, relatively satisfactory results because of the inability to maintain an acceptable closed reduction.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Dislocations ; Head ; Humeral Head ; Humerus ; Incidence ; Necrosis ; Ossification, Heterotopic ; Rehabilitation ; Shoulder Fractures

The congenital epulis is a rare benign lesion which has an uncertain histogenesis. But, recently it is suggested that it derives either from histiocytic/mesenchymal cells or myofibroblasts which based on many immunohistochemical study. Neumann first described congenital granular cell tumor which developed from the gingiva as congenital epulis in 1871. Epulis means "on the gum" or "gumboil" in Greek word. Congenital epulis is located exclusively on the anterior or lateral alveoiar ridge with marked predilection for female infants. The mass was covered with a nonpapillated stratified squamous epithelium of uniform thickness. There was no pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Granular cells have abundant cytoplasm with distinct borders and mitotic figures were rarely found. Six days old female neonate who had 2 x3 cm sized mass with 2 x2 cm neck in the gingival and anterior alveolar ridge of mandible was operated by simple excision and coverage by local mucosal flap. After two years she had normal teeth eruption and no recurrence.
Alveolar Process ; Cytoplasm ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gingiva ; Gingival Diseases ; Gingival Neoplasms* ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mandible ; Myofibroblasts ; Neck ; Recurrence ; Tooth

PURPOSE: These days, airline traffic is so developed that the globe has become much smaller and interest in fear of passenger-flight crashes is increasing. Using the opportunity offered by the Kimhae airline disaster, the author studied the relation of the injury mechanism & the seat-position to the injury severity in order to provide helpful information for use in other situations. METHODS: The author performed a retrospective analysis and compared survivors (37 persons) with deaths (129 persons) in the crash of Chinese passenger-flight B767-200 approaching Kimhae airport on April 15, 2002. RESULTS: Most of the survivors were seated in the rear of the airplane while most of those who died were in the front. Thus, a definite correlation exists between seat position in the aircraft and the injury severity. The deceleration force generated during a flight crash is sufficient to induce fatal injury. CONCLUSION: Most flight crashes are due to CFIT (controlled flight into terrain) accidents which are caused by the pilot being insensible to safety. This time, it was also the case. The author wishes it not to be the case next time.
Aircraft ; Airports* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Deceleration ; Disasters ; Gyeongsangnam-do* ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Survivors

PURPOSE: Garlic (Garlic: Allium sativum), throughout history, has long been used as a method to cure various diseases in different cultures. Although the intake or local application of garlic in order to treat skin disease and antibacterial effects is gradually increasing, its possible side effects cannot be neglected. As a chemical burn case due to local application of garlic has never been reported in Korea up to now, the following paper will present a case in which who suffered a partial layer second degree burn due to the local application of garlic. METHODS: A 53 year-old female patient was experiencing a partial layer second degree burn. The vesicobullous lesion was accompanied by erythema with a size of 20x7 cm and severe pain. Two days earlier, the patient spread ground garlics on her left arm and had wrapped it in order to remove the black spots. Unfortunately, due to her carelessness, the garlic had stayed there for 12 hours. She was treated with potadine soaked gauze every day. As soon as the erythema had worn out, she was treated by wet dressing using Hydrocolloid (Comfeel plus transplant dressing(R), Coloplast A/S and Denmark). RESULTS: Epithelialization of the injured area began from the 5th day since the burn. Complete epithelialization took seven days, and the outpatient's progress is currently being observed. CONCLUSION: Local application of garlic as a folk remedy is widely known, and the side effect such as contagious skin disease is also known to some extent. Patients today tend to rely more on organic remedies, let alone garlic. Moreover, they seek traditional methods or alternative medicine rather than conventional treatment. Thus, it is crucial to acknowledge the side effects of such folk remedies and to be aware whether they have been preceded.
Allium ; Arm ; Bandages ; Burns ; Burns, Chemical ; Colloids ; Complementary Therapies ; Erythema ; Female ; Garlic ; Humans ; Korea ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Medicine, Traditional ; Skin Diseases ; Transplants