Cell growth rate and the secretion of ectopin hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG), free beta-subunit and beta core fragment of hCG, were measured in the culture media with various serum concentrations from ovarian carcinoma cell lines, Bixler and Bix2NMB. The concentrations of fetal bovine serum contained in the culture media that showed the most active cell growth and hormone secretion were investigated to decide the best optimal serum concentration as one of the appropriate culture conditions in the experiment using cell culture. Ovarian concer cells were not able to proliferate in the media without serum. Cells proliferated more actively in higher concentration of serum. They secreted more hormone according to the increment of confluency as long as they secreted hormone. These findings suggest that serum is essential for surviving and cellular activity of cancer cells. The selection of the optimal serum concentration of culture media is very important to get appropriate data from the experiments which use cell culture technique. It is considered that we must have the knowledge on the most efficient concentration of serum in the culture media or on the exact percentage of serum in the media that matched to that of in vivo.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Chorion ; Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Culture Media* ; Humans* ; Ovarian Neoplasms*

Authors' presented an interesting case, 19 years old boy, who was been suffered from retinal periphlebitis of both eyes which thought to be induced by Barre Syndrome. This patient also has pulmonary tuberculosis and visual symptoms of Barre Syndrome in this case were ocular pain and visual disturbance that appeared and disappeared suddenly due probably to irritation of the ventral nerve roots (C5 to T1) with also irritation of sympathetic fibers contained in them.
Adrenergic Fibers ; Humans ; Male ; Phlebitis* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Young Adult

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.
Breakfast ; Curriculum ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Pamphlets ; Riboflavin ; Snacks

PURPOSE: This study was carried out to investigate the relationships among suicidal risk, self-esteem, and spiritual well-being of high school students, and to provide basic data for developing suicide prevention programs. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 1.176 high school students from six academic high schools and two technical high schools in Daegu City. Data were collected from the 13th to the 25th of September 2004. The research tools were the Suicide Probability Scale developed by Go. Kim and Lee (2000), the Self-Esteem Inventory modified by Choi and Jeon (1993), and the tool of Spiritual Well-Being modified by Yoo (2002). Data were analyzed with SPSS Windows 11.0. RESULT: Variables that showed statistically significant difference in suicidal risk were school type, whether to have the best friends, the number of close friends, current relationship with close friends, experience of school violation, respect for the teacher, grades, financial condition, parents marital status, father's education level, mother's education level, home atmosphere, conversation with father, conversation with mother, smoking, drinking, experience of counseling for problems, whether to have physical illnesses, experience of thinking about suicide, experience of attempting suicide. Suicidal risk was in a significantly negative correlation with self-esteem and spiritual well-being. CONCLUSION: The researcher identified many different variables that affect the suicidal risk of high school students. Self-esteem and spiritual well-being were found to be in a significant correlation with suicidal risk. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as basic data and information for suicidal prevention programs.
Atmosphere ; Counseling ; Daegu ; Drinking ; Education ; Fathers ; Friends ; Humans ; Marital Status ; Mothers ; Parents ; Self Concept ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spirituality ; Suicide ; Thinking

The exact etiology and pathogenesis of myopia are not known yet, although various studies of the development of myopia in experimental animals have been made. Authors attemtped whether rabbits developed axial myopia by fusing their lids at birth in one eye, or not. The monocular vision was deprived by suture of upper and lower lids in 12 rabbits which were 5 day-old. The other eye was unsutured as the control. Ten months later, we assessed refractive error, corneal curvature, axial length, and intraocular pressure and enucleation was done. We observed the histologic change of sclera with light microscope. The eyes with lid suture were more myopic(-3.35 +/- 0.99D) than the controlled eyes(-0.21 +/- 0.46D) (p<0.01). The corneal curvature and intraocular pressure were not significantly different between two groups. The axial lengths of the sutured eves were increased(21.27 +/- 1.70mm) in comparison with those of the controlled(17.39 +/- 1.83mm)(p<0.01). We conclude the difference in axial length was caused by the elongation of the posterior segment of eyeball. since lens thickness, depth of anterior chamber, and corneal curvature were identical in both groups. These were correlated with histologic change that showed thinner posterior parts of sclera of the sutured eyes than those of the controlled eyes. The results of this study demonstrate that monocular lid fusion in rabbits produced an expenmental axial myopia.
Animals ; Anterior Chamber ; Eyelids* ; Intraocular Pressure ; Myopia* ; Parturition ; Rabbits* ; Refractive Errors ; Sclera ; Sutures* ; Vision, Monocular

No abstract available.
Career Mobility ; Power (Psychology)

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the effects of university hospital nurses' organizational conflict between organizational commitment and labor union commitment, so as to provide data on prevention of conflict with the hospital and to improve work achievement with commitment of two different groups: hospital and labor union commitment. METHODS: Data collection was conducted from May 15 to 31, 2011 for nurses registered in the labor union of a university hospital. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple regression. RESULTS: Organizational commitment of the nurses showed significant differences according to age, position and work experience, and degree of labor union commitment according to academic achievement. The factors affecting labor union commitment were organizational conflict and recognition of need for labor union, which accounted for 19% of the variance. Factors affecting organizational commitment were organizational conflict, recognition of need for labor union, participation in organizational events, and renewal of membership in the union, which accounted for 33% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that there is a need to improve work achievement by minimizing conflict and preventing labor disputes for better organizational commitment and labor union commitment of nurses.
Achievement ; Data Collection ; Dissent and Disputes ; Hospitals, University ; Labor Unions

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the basal bone mineral density(BMD)s of the lumbar spine and femur of patients with endometriosis, and the changes of BMDs and biochemical bone markers after 6 months of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) agonist treatment. METHODS: The initial BMDs of 35 women with endometriosis were measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at department of obstetrics & gynecology Yongsan Hospital, College of Medicine, Chung Ang University from April 1996 to May 1999. 19 patients of these group was repeatedly measured after 3.6mg subcutaneous depot injection of goserelin(Zoladex) every 4 weeks for 24 weeks. Osteocalcin and Deoxypyridinoline were measured before goserelin treatment, at 3 months, and at 6 months completion of goserelin treatment. RESULTS: Patients with endometriosis did not show the significant difference in mean BMD of lumbar spine and femur in comparison with age matched normal women. Patients treated with goserelin for 6 months showed 0.064+/-0.030g/cm2(5.56%) decrease of BMD in lumbar spine, 0.038+/-0.040g/cm2(3.85%) decrease in femur neck, 0.055+/-0.047g/cm2(6.10%) decrease in Ward triangle, 0.041+/-0.031g/cm2(5.19%) decrease in femoral trochanter. These data had statistical significance(p<0.001). At first 3 months and on completion of 6 months goserelin treatment, there were increase of 66.1%, 122.3% in serum osteocalcin respectively, and increase of 35.2%, 39.6% in urine deoxypyridinoline respectively, compared with pretreatment value. CONCLUSION: From these results, it is concluded that the BMDs of patients with endometriosis were normal, and after 6 months GnRH agonist treatment, bone loss was 3.85%-6.10%, and the values of biochemical bone markers were increased.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Bone Density* ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Goserelin ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Obstetrics ; Osteocalcin ; Spine

Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the factors influencing physical restraint-related practice among nurses working in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: : The participants consisted of 169 ICU nurses in three general hospitals in B and U cities. Data were collected from December 2021 to January 2022 through a structured selfadministered questionnaire. Demographic characteristics, physical restraint-related practice, Person-centered Critical Care Nursing (PCCN), work environment, and attitudes toward physical restraint use were measured. For data analyses, hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted using SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: : Clinical careers in the ICU, better work environments, higher PCCN levels, and more positive attitudes toward physical restraint use were associated with a better practice of physical restraints, which together explained 35.5% of the total variance of the outcome. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that to promote a safe physical restraintrelated practice among ICU nurses, it is important to improve the nursing environment, prepare guidelines for applying PCCN, and provide education for endorsing positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints.

No abstract available.
Scrotum ; Xanthomatosis