1.Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide on the Permeability of Cultured Trabecular Meshwork Cells
Myung Seo SON ; Min Ju BAEK ; Jae Woo KIM
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2020;61(3):267-273
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) on the permeability of a cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMC) monolayer and its interaction with nitric oxide (NO).METHODS: After exposing primary cultured HTMCs to 0, 50, 100, and 500 µM sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) for 6 hours, the permeabilities through the HTMC monolayer were measured using a Transwell assay with carboxyfluorescein. The production of NO and eNOS mRNA expression were assessed using the Griess assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. In addition, 0, 1, and 10 µM NaHS and 10 µM sodium nitroprusside (SN) were co-exposed to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of H₂S and NO.RESULTS: Greater than 100 µM NaHS increased the permeability through the HTMC monolayer in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). These increased permeabilities were not accompanied by NO production or eNOS mRNA expression (p > 0.05). When 0, 1, and 10 µM NaHS and 10 µM SN were exposed together, there was no significant change of permeability, NO production, or eNOS mRNA expression (all, p > 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: NaHS at high concentrations increased the permeability of the HTMC monolayer, which was not affected by NO. NaHS at low concentrations did not show a synergistic effect with NO. Thus, H₂S at high concentrations may increase trabecular outflow, which may not be associated with NO.
2.Cytoprotective Effect of Rho Kinase Inhibitors against Oxidative Stress inTrabecular Meshwork Cells
Jae Woo KIM ; Myung Seo SON ; Min Ju BAEK
Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 2020;61(4):394-399
Purpose:
We evaluated the protective effect of trabecular outflow drugs, Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors against oxidative stressin trabecular meshwork cells.
Methods:
Primary-cultured human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) were exposed to ROCK inhibitors at 10 and 20 μMY-27632, ripasudil or fasudil for 24 hours, after pretreatment with 200 μM hydrogen peroxide for 30 min. The cell viabilities andmetabolic activities were assessed using the Trypan Blue dye exclusion test and MTT assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) production was measured using the H2DCFDA assay, and the degree of apoptosis was measured with flow cytometryusing annexin-propidium iodide double staining.
Results:
In HTMCs, Y-27632 suppressed ROS production. Ripasudil and fasudil increased the metabolic activities and decreasedthe degrees of apoptosis. Fasudil showed the most cytoprotective effects among the three ROCK inhibitors tested.
Conclusions
Against oxidative stress, ROCK inhibitors decreased apoptosis accompanied by decreased ROS production, especiallyfasudil. ROCK inhibitors may therefore have cytoprotective properties in addition to increasing trabecular outflow.
3.Erratum: US-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Efficacy and Safety in a Large Population
Hyun Kyung LIM ; Se Jin CHO ; Jung Hwan BAEK ; Kang Dae LEE ; Chang Woo SON ; Jung Min SON ; Sun Mi BAEK
Korean Journal of Radiology 2020;21(4):510-510
The publisher and authors would like to draw the reader’s attention to an error in the following article. The author name of “Seon Mi Baek” should be changed to “Sun Mi Baek”.
4.US-Guided Radiofrequency Ablation for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Efficacy and Safety in a Large Population
Hyun Kyung LIM ; Se Jin CHO ; Jung Hwan BAEK ; Kang Dae LEE ; Chang Woo SON ; Jung Min SON ; Seon Mi BAEK
Korean Journal of Radiology 2019;20(12):1653-1661
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in a large population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of 152 biopsy-proven PTMCs from 133 patients who had undergone RFA for PTMC between May 2008 and January 2017 were included in this study. All patients were either of high surgical risk or refused to undergo surgery. They were followed up for at least 6 months after initial RFA. Ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography were performed to evaluate the PTMC and the presence of neck metastasis before treatment. RFA was conducted using an internally cooled thyroid-dedicated electrode system. Follow-up US was performed at 1 week, and 2, 6, and 12 months, after the initial RFA, and then at every 6–12 months. We evaluated serial changes of ablated tumors, newly developed cancers, lymph node (LN) or distant metastasis and complications.RESULTS: Complete disappearance was found in 91.4% (139/152) of ablated tumors. Among the 13 tumors in patients who did not show complete disappearance, no tumor displayed any regrowth of the residual ablated lesion during the follow-up period. The mean follow-up period was 39 months. During the follow-up period, there were no local recurrence, no LN or distant metastasis, and no newly developed thyroid cancers. No patients were referred to surgery. The overall complication rate was 3% (4/133) of patients, including one voice change. There were no life-threatening complications or procedure-related deaths.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that RFA is an effective and safe option for treating low-risk PTMC patients who are of high surgical risk or refuse surgery.
Catheter Ablation
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Electrodes
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Follow-Up Studies
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Humans
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Lymph Nodes
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Neck
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Neoplasm Metastasis
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Recurrence
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Thyroid Gland
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Thyroid Neoplasms
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Ultrasonography
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Voice
5.Clinical effect and standardization of indocyanine green angiography in the laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Gyung Mo SON ; Hong-min AHN ; In Young LEE ; Sun Min LEE ; Sang-Ho PARK ; Kwang-Ryul BAEK
Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery 2021;24(3):113-122
Anastomotic complications occur after 5% to 20% of operations for rectosigmoid colon cancer. The intestinal perfusion status at the anastomotic site is an important modifiable risk factor, and surgeons should carefully evaluate and optimize the perfusion at the intended site of anastomosis. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is a simple noninvasive perfusion assessment modality. The use of ICG angiography is rapidly spreading in the field of colorectal surgery. However, there is debate on its contribution to reducing anastomotic complications. In this review, we discuss the clinical utility and the standardization of ICG angiography. ICG angiography can unequivocally reveal unfavorable perfusion zones and provide quantitative parameters to predict the risk of hypoperfusion-related anastomotic complications. Many studies have demonstrated the clinical utility of ICG angiography for reducing anastomotic complications. Recently, two multicenter randomized clinical trials reported that ICG angiography did not significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Most previous studies have been small-scale single-center studies, and there is no standardized ICG angiography protocol to date.Additionally, ICG angiography evaluations have mostly relied on surgeons’ subjective judgment. For these reasons, it is necessary to establish a standardized ICG angiography protocol and develop a quantitative analysis protocol for the objective assessment. In conclusion, ICG angiography could be useful for detecting poorly perfused colorectal segments to prevent anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. An optimized and standardized ICG angiography protocol should be established to improve the reliability of perfusion assessments. In the future, artificial intelligence-based quantitative analyses could be used to easily assess colonic perfusion status.
6.Clinical effect and standardization of indocyanine green angiography in the laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Gyung Mo SON ; Hong-min AHN ; In Young LEE ; Sun Min LEE ; Sang-Ho PARK ; Kwang-Ryul BAEK
Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery 2021;24(3):113-122
Anastomotic complications occur after 5% to 20% of operations for rectosigmoid colon cancer. The intestinal perfusion status at the anastomotic site is an important modifiable risk factor, and surgeons should carefully evaluate and optimize the perfusion at the intended site of anastomosis. Indocyanine green (ICG) angiography is a simple noninvasive perfusion assessment modality. The use of ICG angiography is rapidly spreading in the field of colorectal surgery. However, there is debate on its contribution to reducing anastomotic complications. In this review, we discuss the clinical utility and the standardization of ICG angiography. ICG angiography can unequivocally reveal unfavorable perfusion zones and provide quantitative parameters to predict the risk of hypoperfusion-related anastomotic complications. Many studies have demonstrated the clinical utility of ICG angiography for reducing anastomotic complications. Recently, two multicenter randomized clinical trials reported that ICG angiography did not significantly reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage. Most previous studies have been small-scale single-center studies, and there is no standardized ICG angiography protocol to date.Additionally, ICG angiography evaluations have mostly relied on surgeons’ subjective judgment. For these reasons, it is necessary to establish a standardized ICG angiography protocol and develop a quantitative analysis protocol for the objective assessment. In conclusion, ICG angiography could be useful for detecting poorly perfused colorectal segments to prevent anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. An optimized and standardized ICG angiography protocol should be established to improve the reliability of perfusion assessments. In the future, artificial intelligence-based quantitative analyses could be used to easily assess colonic perfusion status.
7.Association between multiple jobs and physical and psychological symptoms among the Korean working population
Seok-Yoon SON ; Jin-Young MIN ; Seung-Woo RYOO ; Baek-Yong CHOI ; Kyoung-Bok MIN
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2024;36(1):e21-
The prevalence of multiple job-holding (MJH) is expected to show an upward trend among Korean workers, yet its potential impact on workers’ health remains poorly discussed. This study aimed to explore the association between MJH and experience of physical and psychological symptoms in various aspects among active Korean workers and to identify its differences depending on workers’ gender. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study among South Korean workers aged 15–59 using data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. The final study sample comprised 34,175 participants. MJH status and symptoms, such as musculoskeletal pain, headache or eyestrain, fatigue, insomnia, and anxiety, were measured by self-reported data. Logistic regression analyses were performed on the total sample and gender-stratified groups, with adjustments for the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the participants. One hundred thirty-five men and 103 women were defined as multiple job-holders (MJHers) among the study sample. When adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, MJHers suffered more events of headache or eyestrain (odds ratio [OR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.78) and anxiety (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05–3.79). Gender-stratified analyses with adjustment showed that among women workers, MJH was associated with musculoskeletal pain (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.02–3.34), headache or eyestrain (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.37–4.67), fatigue (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.29–4.40), insomnia (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.04–3.57), and anxiety (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.11–7.20). We found a significant association between MJH and various symptoms. Women MJHers were revealed to be a more vulnerable population than their men counterparts. Further research should account for the social context of MJH, and appropriate monitoring and intervention for maintaining the well-being of MJHers are needed.
8.Telecommuting during the COVID-19: the role of job demand and control on health outcomes
Seung-Woo RYOO ; Jin-Young MIN ; Seok-Yoon SON ; Baek-Yong CHOI ; Juho CHOI ; Kyoung-Bok MIN
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2024;36(1):e14-
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically modified the occupational system wherein telecommuting has risen as the major form of work. Few studies have incorporated Karasek’s job demand-control (JDC) model into explaining the health effects of telecommuting. This study aimed to investigate the health risk in South Korean telecommuters during the pandemic, and its distribution according to the job stress-related factors. A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study of South Korean laborers was conducted, utilizing the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021). Following the previously described concept of telecommuting, 14,478 white-collar employees were eligible study participants. Telecommuting, job demand, job control, and various health indicators were measured by the responses to the survey. Participants were stratified into 4 job profiles classified by the JDC model. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses between telecommuting and health-related outcomes to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). One hundred forty-six low-strain, 223 active, 69 passive, and 148 high-strain workers were screened as telecommuters. Compared to office workers, telecommuters had a higher proportion in high job control groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated different relationships between telecommuting and health, where only active telecommuters showed a higher prevalence of depression (OR: 1.980, 95% CI: 1.126–3.481), and high-strain telecommuters were affected in most outcomes including insomnia (OR: 2.555, 95% CI: 1.473–4.433), musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.786, 95% CI: 1.719–4.517), headache/eye strain (OR: 3.074, 95% CI: 1.992–4.745) and presenteeism (OR: 1.932, 95% CI: 1.193–3.131). This study revealed significantly increased odds of multiple health outcomes among South Korean telecommuters during the COVID-19 pandemic era. High-strain job holders were prominently susceptible to the negative health impacts of telecommuting. Occupational health management towards telecommuters should approach mitigating high job demand and low job control.
9.Association between multiple jobs and physical and psychological symptoms among the Korean working population
Seok-Yoon SON ; Jin-Young MIN ; Seung-Woo RYOO ; Baek-Yong CHOI ; Kyoung-Bok MIN
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2024;36(1):e21-
The prevalence of multiple job-holding (MJH) is expected to show an upward trend among Korean workers, yet its potential impact on workers’ health remains poorly discussed. This study aimed to explore the association between MJH and experience of physical and psychological symptoms in various aspects among active Korean workers and to identify its differences depending on workers’ gender. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study among South Korean workers aged 15–59 using data from the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey. The final study sample comprised 34,175 participants. MJH status and symptoms, such as musculoskeletal pain, headache or eyestrain, fatigue, insomnia, and anxiety, were measured by self-reported data. Logistic regression analyses were performed on the total sample and gender-stratified groups, with adjustments for the sociodemographic and occupational characteristics of the participants. One hundred thirty-five men and 103 women were defined as multiple job-holders (MJHers) among the study sample. When adjusted for sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, MJHers suffered more events of headache or eyestrain (odds ratio [OR]: 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23–2.78) and anxiety (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.05–3.79). Gender-stratified analyses with adjustment showed that among women workers, MJH was associated with musculoskeletal pain (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.02–3.34), headache or eyestrain (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.37–4.67), fatigue (OR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.29–4.40), insomnia (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.04–3.57), and anxiety (OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 1.11–7.20). We found a significant association between MJH and various symptoms. Women MJHers were revealed to be a more vulnerable population than their men counterparts. Further research should account for the social context of MJH, and appropriate monitoring and intervention for maintaining the well-being of MJHers are needed.
10.Telecommuting during the COVID-19: the role of job demand and control on health outcomes
Seung-Woo RYOO ; Jin-Young MIN ; Seok-Yoon SON ; Baek-Yong CHOI ; Juho CHOI ; Kyoung-Bok MIN
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2024;36(1):e14-
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically modified the occupational system wherein telecommuting has risen as the major form of work. Few studies have incorporated Karasek’s job demand-control (JDC) model into explaining the health effects of telecommuting. This study aimed to investigate the health risk in South Korean telecommuters during the pandemic, and its distribution according to the job stress-related factors. A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study of South Korean laborers was conducted, utilizing the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020–2021). Following the previously described concept of telecommuting, 14,478 white-collar employees were eligible study participants. Telecommuting, job demand, job control, and various health indicators were measured by the responses to the survey. Participants were stratified into 4 job profiles classified by the JDC model. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses between telecommuting and health-related outcomes to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). One hundred forty-six low-strain, 223 active, 69 passive, and 148 high-strain workers were screened as telecommuters. Compared to office workers, telecommuters had a higher proportion in high job control groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated different relationships between telecommuting and health, where only active telecommuters showed a higher prevalence of depression (OR: 1.980, 95% CI: 1.126–3.481), and high-strain telecommuters were affected in most outcomes including insomnia (OR: 2.555, 95% CI: 1.473–4.433), musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.786, 95% CI: 1.719–4.517), headache/eye strain (OR: 3.074, 95% CI: 1.992–4.745) and presenteeism (OR: 1.932, 95% CI: 1.193–3.131). This study revealed significantly increased odds of multiple health outcomes among South Korean telecommuters during the COVID-19 pandemic era. High-strain job holders were prominently susceptible to the negative health impacts of telecommuting. Occupational health management towards telecommuters should approach mitigating high job demand and low job control.