No Abstract Available.
Animals ; Armoracia* ; Cats* ; Horseradish Peroxidase* ; Muscles*

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardioembolic stroke, which is often fatal or disabling. Prevention of stroke is crucial in AF management, and anticoagulation with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) is the mainstay of AF management for stroke prevention. Because NOAC prescriptions have been surging worldwide, the development of acute ischemic stroke in patients with AF who receive NOAC treatment is an increasingly important issue in clinical practice. Moreover, these patients show a high risk of recurrence, with more than a 50% higher risk, than do patients with AF and no prior anticoagulation therapy. Careful evaluation is mandatory to determine possible causes of ischemic stroke during NOAC therapy. Differentiation of AF-unrelated stroke and demonstration of combined cardiac disease/systemic coagulopathy are important in these patients and may provide improved results in their treatment. In addition, ensuring appropriate dosing and good adherence to NOAC treatment is important. Cardioembolism, despite sufficient anticoagulation and no other causes, is the most common and challenging complication because switching to anticoagulants or adding antiplatelets to the treatment regimen does not reduce the risk of recurrent stroke, and there are no guidelines for this specific situation. This review article aimed to present the most updated data on the prevalence, causes, and secondary prevention strategies, specifically focusing on non-pharmacological approaches, together with relevant cases of AF in patients who developed ischemic stroke on NOAC therapy.

Anesthesia, General ; Cephalometry ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; Joints ; Korea ; Mouth ; Open Bite ; Osteoarthritis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Temporomandibular Joint

A non-carious cervical lesion(NCCL) is the loss of tooth structure at the cementoenamel junction level that is unrelated to dental caries. This study was to evaluate the occlusal and periodontal status of teeth with non-carious cervical lesions. We evaluated 105 teeth with non-carious cervical lesions in 35 subjects aged 38-75 years and characterized them based on the shape and dimension, plaque retention, bleeding on probing(BOP), probing pocket depth(PPD), occlusal status, brushing type, hypersensitivity and wear facet. The results of this study were as follows 1. No significant association was observed between cervical lesions and occlusal contact in lateral excursions. 2. No significant difference occurred in plaque retention, PPD, BOP between teeth with and without cervical lesions. 3. Test teeth had a significantly higher percentage of hypersensitivity and occlusal wear facet than teeth without cervical lesions. 4. Wedge shaped lesions had a significantly higher percentage of plaque than saucer shaped lesions. 5. Teeth with plaque were found to have significantly deeper PPD than teeth without plaque retention in cervical regions. 6. Teeth with occlusal contacts were found to have significantly deeper PPD than teeth without occlusal contacts. 7. No significant association was observed between cervical lesions and PPD independent of plaque retention and occlusal contacts Although more knowledge is necessary, our results suggest that occlusal contact and bacterial plaque may influence on periodontal tissue, but NCCL is not directly associated with periodontal health
Dental Caries ; Hemorrhage ; Hypersensitivity ; Tooth Attrition ; Tooth Cervix ; Tooth*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical characteristics of neurocognitive functions in patients with traumatic brain injury referred for mental disability evaluation. METHODS: The neurocognitive functions of 293 patients, who were referred for mental disability evaluation, were assessed using a computerized neurocognitive test. The patients were divided into three groups according to head trauma history and brain imaging studies. We also measured their intelligence and memory, using the K-WAIS and the Rey-Kim Memory Test. RESULTS: The group with organic mental disorder showed more impaired concentration, language, memory, intelligence, executive function and visuospatial function than those with nonorganic mental disorder without traumatic brain injury. The group with organic mental disorder also showed greater impairments in selective attention, some part of language, long-term memory, and hypothesis formation than those with postconcussional disorder. The group with organic mental disorder obtained lower intelligence and memory test scores than those with postconcussional disorder and nonorganic mental disorder without traumatic brain injury. There was no difference in intelligence or memory between postconcussional disorder and nonorganic mental disorder without traumatic brain injury. CONCLUSION: Patients with postconcussional disorder share the characteristics of neurocognitive function with organic mental disorder and nonorganic mental disorder without traumatic brain injury. We suggest the computerized neurocognitive test that evaluated details of neurocognitive functions for patients with traumatic brain injury referred for mental disability evaluation.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Neurocognitive Disorders ; Disability Evaluation ; Executive Function ; Humans ; Insurance ; Intelligence ; Memory ; Memory, Long-Term ; Mental Disorders ; Neuroimaging

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed clinical courses to investigate the effectiveness of strategies switching to aripiprazole. METHODS: Patients confirmed DSM-IV diagnoses of schizophrenia who had been treated with aripiprazoleafter switching from previous antipsychotics were recruited from inpatient and outpatient departments of Inha Hospital from March 2005 to February 2007. We classified patients according to three switching strategies (crosstapering, abrupt-switching, tapering-switching) and, over the course of a one-year period, collected data for intervals during which medications were being switched. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients with an average age of 36.25+/-8.58 years participated in this study. The sample consisted of 20 patients in the cross-tapering group, 23 in the abrupt-switching group, and five in the tapering-switching group. The previous antipsychotics were risperidone, olazapine, amisulpride, quetiapine, and ziprasidone. The reasons for switching included weight gain (26.1%), hyperprolactinemia (23.9%), lack of effectiveness (20.8%), and over-sedation (13.0%). The rates at which patients continued aripiprazole after one year were 55% (11/20) for the cross-tapering group, 48.7% (11/23) for the abrupt-switching group, and 40% (2/5) for the tapering-switching group. In addition, 25% of cross-tapering patients (5/20), 43.5% of abrupt-switching patients (10/23), and 60% of tapering-switching patients (3/5) switched to other antipsychotics. Continuation of aripiprazole was higher in the cross-tapering group than in the abrupt switching group, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.351). The average aripiprazole retention duration was 10.75+/-3.29 months in the cross-tapering group, 10.39+/-3.29 months in the abrupt-switching group, and 10.00+/-4.77 months in the tapering-switching group. Cross-tapering was associated with a relatively longer retention period, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.653). CONCLUSION: All three switching strategies were associated with tolerable clinical outcomes after the shift to aripiprazole. The rate and duration of aripiprazole retention was higher in the cross-tapering group than in the abrupt switching group, but this result did not achieve statistical significance.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Dibenzothiazepines ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Inpatients ; Outpatients ; Piperazines ; Quinolones ; Retention (Psychology) ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Sulpiride ; Thiazoles ; Weight Gain ; Aripiprazole ; Quetiapine Fumarate

OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic validity of the three published short Geriatric Depression Scales and to identify a valid and reliable alternative to the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-K) and short form Geriatric Depression Scales (SGDS-K). METHODS:All subjects were registered elderly psychiatric patients who first visited the Geriatric Psychiatry Clinic of Seoul National University Hospital in Seoul between April 1996 and May 1999. The GDS-K, SGDS-K, Hoyl GDS-5, D'Ath GDS-4, van Marwijk GDS-4 were administered. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis performed to investigate the diagnostic validity of the Hoyl GDS-5, D'Ath GDS-4, and van Marwijk GDS-4. RESULTS:The best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity was achieved with a Hoyl GDS-5 score of 3 (sensitivity:0.7258, specificity:0.7717), a D'Ath GDS-4 score of 3 (sensitivity:0.5968, specificity:0.7391), and a van Marwijk GDS-4 score of 3 (sensitivity:0.6613, specificity:0.7391). The area under the ROC curves of each diagnostic tool were calculated into the Hoyl GDS-5 of 0.8198, the D'Ath GDS-4 of 0.7525, and the van Marwijk GDS-4 of 0.7528. CONCLUSION:The Hoyl GDS-5 may be utilized in screening for major depression among the elderly psychiatric patients in Korea.
Aged ; Depression ; Geriatric Psychiatry ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the structural pathogenesis of schizophrenia, this study measures cerebral and cerebellar volumes of antipsychotics-navie and first episode schizophrenic patients. Also this study analyzes morphological character of patients with early schizophrenia. METHODS: Volume segmentation incorporating MRI scanning was performed on 25 patients with schizophrenia(mean age: 31.2+/-7.85yr, ranging: 14-18yr) and a control group of 29 healthy dindividuals(mean age: 29.03+/-7.02yr, ranging: 18-42yr). To carry out segmentation, the cerebrum and cerebellum were partitioned by gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid using a probabilistic histologic algorithm. These images of the segments were defined as the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and cerebellum by using the semi-automated technique based on the atlas developed by Talairach. The area of dimension for each fraction was measured and its symmetry was compared. A statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance by compensating the total brain volume with the level of covariance. RESULTS: The total brain volume of the schizophrenic patient group was significantly smaller than that of the control group(t=-1.986, d.f.=38.97, p=0.05). Female patients with schizophrenia showed a smaller right cerebellar volume than the female controls(F=4.20, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.046). Female with schizophrenia showed a larger left frontal white matter volume than their female controls and male with schizophrenia showed a smaller right frontal white matter volume than their male controls(F=6.89, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.012). Male patients with schizophrenia showed a larger right occipital white matter volume than the male controls. Females with schizophrenia showed a larger left occipital white matter volume than their female controls and male with schizophrenia showed a smaller left occipital white matter volume than their male controls(F=3.97, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.050). Female patients with schizophrenia showed a larger parietal white matter volume than the female controls(F=6.14, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.017). Female patients with schizophrenia also showed a smaller right and left cerebellar gray matter volume than the female controls(F=3.90, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.050). Female patients with schizophrenia also showed a smaller temporal gray matter volume than the female controls(F=4.74, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.034). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the cerebellum and frontal lobe are involved in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, difference of white matter between schizophrenic patient and control is an important finding that suggest the importance of cortical dysconnection syndrome as pathophysiology on schizophrenia, and these findings suggest that pathogenesis of schizophrenia include many areas of brain.
Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cerebrum ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Occipital Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Schizophrenia*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Ecabet sodium is used for treating gastric ulcers and gastritis. It exhibits a bactericidal effect against Helicobacter pylori by inhibiting bacterial urease activity. Thus, ecabet sodium has been suggested to improve the efficacy of the H. pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcers. The aim of this study was to compare the H. pylori eradication rate of lansoprazole-based triple therapy versus lansoprazole-based triple therapy plus ecabet sodium. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 363 H. pylori-positive patients who had undergone eradication therapy from February 2007 to February 2010. In total, 363 patients with H. pylori-positive peptic ulcer disease or symptomatic erosive gastritis received LAC (lansprazole 30 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1.0 g b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d.) or LACE (lansoprazole 30 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1.0 g b.i.d., clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d., ecabet sodium 1 g b.i.d.) for 1 week. Successful eradication was defined as a negative 13Curea breath test 4-5 weeks after treatment completion. RESULTS: H. pylori eradication rates were 81.4% (166/204) in the LAC group and 86.2% (137/159) in the LACE group (p = 0.159). No significant difference in eradication was observed. No significant difference was observed in the side effects experienced by the patients in the two treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that adding ecabet sodium did not improve the H. pylori eradication rate significantly in standard lansoprazole-based triple therapy for H. pylori.
Amoxicillin ; Breath Tests ; Clarithromycin ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium ; Stomach Ulcer ; Urease

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the characteristics of cellular phone use and its association with psychological problems among adolescents. METHODS: A total of 332 adolescent students were recruited for this study. The participants' self-reported characteristics of cellular phone use and the psychological problems caused by this were tested by using the Excessive Cellular Phone Use Survey (ECPUS), the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC) and the Korea-Youth Self Report (K-YSR). RESULTS: The excessive user group made more use of text messages and they spent more time and paid higher fees than the comparison group. They expressed severer depression and anxiety and they had more behavior problems and lower school performance than the comparison group. The ECPUS score was positively correlated with score of the CDI, STAIC and the behavior problem scales of the K-YSR, and the ECPUS score was negatively correlated with the school performance scale of the K-YSR. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that excessive cellular phone use by adolescents may be related to psychological problems. Careful education about the use of cellular phones and intervention are recommended for adolescents who excessively use cellular phones.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Cellular Phone ; Child ; Depression ; Fees and Charges ; Humans ; Self Report ; Text Messaging ; Weights and Measures