1.Chronic progressive pneumonic consolidation with cavity.
Seon Og KWON ; Hyung Jung KIM ; Chul Min AHN ; Sung Kyu KIM ; Won Young LEE ; Sang Jin KIM ; Ki Bum LEE
Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 1991;38(4):401-405
No abstract available.
2.Chronic Hypoxemia Triggers a Neuropathic Process in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease:Insight From In Vivo Neurophysiological Assessments
Seon Min YOON ; Young Bum PARK ; Yousang KO ; Jong Seok BAE
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2023;19(2):186-194
Background:
and PurposePeripheral neuropathies (PNs) are a common but poorly understood complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To clarify the initial trigger of a PN in COPD, we investigated the excitability of peripheral nerves in patients with COPD.
Methods:
The automated nerve excitability test (NET) using the threshold-tracking paradigm was applied to 20 COPD patients. The recording protocol calculated the strength–duration time constant, threshold electrotonus (TE), current–threshold relationship, and recovery cycle (RC). Each NET parameter was compared with two control groups: normal controls group (NC group) and smokers without COPD group (smoker group).
Results:
In the motor NETs, the change in the threshold in the mid-depolarizing phase of TE (40–60 ms) was smaller in the COPD group (50.7%±1.2%, mean±SEM; n=20) than in the NC group (54.5%±0.7%, n=25; p<0.01), as was the prominence of superexcitability in the RC (-22.6%±1.5% and -26.4%±1.1%, respectively; p=0.04). There were no significant differences in the sensory NETs. Comparisons between the COPD and smoker groups (n=25) also showed no differences in either the motor or sensory NETs.
Conclusions
The pattern of excitability in COPD revealed a membrane depolarization attributable to Na+–K+–ATPase failure in the axolemma of distal motor nerves. This finding suggests that chronic hypoxemia and adaptative process can alter axonal excitability and trigger a resultant neuropathic process that is antecedent to PN in COPD.
3.Network Structure of Depressive Symptoms in General Population
Seon il PARK ; Kyung Kyu LEE ; Seok Bum LEE ; Jung Jae LEE ; Kyoung Min KIM ; Hyu Seok JEONG ; Dohyun KIM
Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine 2022;30(2):172-178
Objectives:
:Although subclinical depression symptoms are associated with suicidal idea, most research have focused on clinical depression such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia. The aim of this study is to investigate network structure of depressive symptom and to reveal which symptoms are associated with suicidal ideation.
Methods:
:We used part of data from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were between 19 and 65 years of age (N=8,741). Network analysis with Isingfit model is used to reveal network structure of depressive symptoms and most central symptom and edges assessed by patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9).
Results:
:The most two central symptoms were psychomotor activity and suicidal ideation. The strongest edge was psychomotor activity-suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation also has strong association with depressive mood and worthlessness.
Conclusions
:These results suggest that psychomotor activity and suicidal ideation can serve as treatment target for subclinical depression and psychomotor activity, worthlessness and depressed mood may be important factor for early intervention of suicidal ideation.
4.Clinical Validation of the Psychotic Depression Assessment Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-6, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-5: Results from the Clinical Research Center for Depression Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Eun Young JANG ; Jae Min KIM ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jung Bum KIM ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yong Chon PARK
Psychiatry Investigation 2017;14(5):568-576
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the psychotic depression assessment scale (PDAS), which includes the six-item melancholia subscale from the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-6) and the five-item psychosis subscale from the brief psychiatric rating scale (BPRS-5). Data from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND) study, which is a 52-week naturalistic trial, were analyzed. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with psychotic depression from the CRESCEND study met our inclusion criteria. The patients underwent the following psychometric assessments: the PDAS, including HAMD-6 and BPRS-5, the clinical global impression scales, the HAMD, the positive symptom subscale, and the negative symptom subscale. Assessments were performed at the baseline and then at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 52. Spearman correlation analyses were used to assess the clinical validity and responsiveness of the PDAS. RESULTS: The clinical validity and responsiveness of the PDAS, including HAMD-6 and BPRS-5, were acceptable, with the exception of the clinical responsiveness of the PDAS for positive symptoms and the clinical responsiveness of BPRS-5 for negative symptoms. CONCLUSION: The clinical relevance of the PDAS has been confirmed and this clinical validation will enhance its clinical utility and availability.
Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
;
Depression*
;
Depressive Disorder
;
Humans
;
Psychometrics
;
Psychotic Disorders
;
Weights and Measures
5.Clinical Significance of the Number of Depressive Symptoms in Major Depressive Disorder: Results from the CRESCEND Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Jeongkyu SAKONG ; Bon Hoon KOO ; Jae Min KIM ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jung Bum KIM ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yong Chon PARK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2016;31(4):617-622
Our study aimed to establish the relationship between the number of depressive symptoms and the clinical characteristics of major depressive disorder (MDD). This would enable us to predict the clinical significance of the number of depressive symptoms in MDD patients. Using data from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND) study in Korea, 853 patients with DSM-IV MDD were recruited. The baseline and clinical characteristics of groups with different numbers of depressive symptoms were compared using the χ2 test for discrete variables and covariance (ANCOVA) for continuous variables. In addition, the scores of these groups on the measurement tools were compared by ANCOVA after adjusting the potential effects of confounding variables. After adjusting the effects of monthly income and history of depression, a larger number of depressive symptoms indicated higher overall severity of depression (F [4, 756] = 21.458, P < 0.001) and higher levels of depressive symptoms (F [4, 767] = 19.145, P < 0.001), anxiety symptoms (F [4, 765] = 12.890, P < 0.001) and suicidal ideation (F [4, 653] = 6.970, P < 0.001). It also indicated lower levels of social function (F [4, 760] = 13.343, P < 0.001), and quality of life (F [4, 656] = 11.975, P < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in alcohol consumption (F [4, 656] = 11.975, P < 0.001). The number of depressive symptoms can be used as an index of greater illness burden in clinical psychiatry.
Adult
;
Alcohol Drinking
;
Analysis of Variance
;
Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use
;
Anxiety
;
*Depression
;
Depressive Disorder, Major/drug therapy/*pathology/psychology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Quality of Life
;
Severity of Illness Index
;
Sex Factors
;
Suicidal Ideation
6.Hazardous Drinking-Related Characteristics of Depressive Disorders in Korea: The CRESCEND Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Sang Kyu LEE ; Hong Seok OH ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jae Min KIM ; Jung Bum KIM ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yong Chon PARK
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2015;30(1):74-81
This study aimed to identify clinical correlates of hazardous drinking in a large cohort of Korean patients with depression. We recruited a total of 402 depressed patients aged > 18 yr from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND) study in Korea. Patients' drinking habits were assessed using the Korean Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT-K). Psychometric scales, including the HAMD, HAMA, BPRS, CGI-S, SSI-Beck, SOFAS, and WHOQOL-BREF, were used to assess depression, anxiety, overall psychiatric symptoms, global severity, suicidal ideation, social functioning, and quality of life, respectively. We compared demographic and clinical features and psychometric scores between patients with and without hazardous drinking behavior after adjusting for the effects of age and sex. We then performed binary logistic regression analysis to identify independent correlates of hazardous drinking in the study population. Our results revealed that hazardous drinking was associated with current smoking status, history of attempted suicide, greater psychomotor retardation, suicidal ideation, weight loss, and lower hypochondriasis than non-hazardous drinking. The regression model also demonstrated that more frequent smoking, higher levels of suicidal ideation, and lower levels of hypochondriasis were independently correlates for hazardous drinking in depressed patients. In conclusion, depressed patients who are hazardous drinkers experience severer symptoms and a greater burden of illness than non-hazardous drinkers. In Korea, screening depressed patients for signs of hazardous drinking could help identify subjects who may benefit from comprehensive therapeutic approaches.
Adult
;
Alcohol Drinking/*epidemiology
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Alcoholism/*epidemiology/psychology
;
*Dangerous Behavior
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Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology/psychology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*statistics & numerical data
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Quality of Life
;
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
;
Suicidal Ideation
7.Distinctive Clinical Correlates of Psychotic Major Depression: The CRESCEND Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Hwa Young LEE ; Jeong Kyu SAKONG ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jae Min KIM ; Jung Bum KIM ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yong Chon PARK
Psychiatry Investigation 2014;11(3):281-289
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to identify distinctive clinical correlates of psychotic major depression (PMD) as compared with non-psychotic major depression (NPMD) in a large cohort of Korean patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: We recruited 966 MDD patients of age over 18 years from the Clinical Research Center for Depression of South Korea (CRESCEND) study. Diagnoses of PMD (n=24) and NPMD (n=942) were made with the DSM-IV definitions and confirmed with SCID. Psychometric scales were used to assess overall psychiatric symptoms (BPRS), depression (HAMD), anxiety (HAMA), global severity (CGI-S), suicidal ideation (SSI-Beck), functioning (SOFAS), and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF). Using independent t-tests and chi2 tests, we compared clinical characteristics of patients with PMD and NPMD. A binary logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors independently associated with increased likelihood of PMD. RESULTS: PMD subjects were characterized by a higher rate of inpatient enrollment, and higher scores on many items on BPRS (somatic concern, anxiety, emotional withdrawal, guilt feelings, tension, depression, suspiciousness, hallucination, motor retardation, blunted affect and excitement) global severity (CGI-s), and suicidal ideation (SSI-Beck). The explanatory factor model revealed that high levels of tension, excitement, and suicidal ideation were associated with increased likelihood of PMD. CONCLUSION: Our findings partly support the view that PMD has its own distinctive clinical manifestation and course, and may be considered a diagnostic entity separate from NPMD.
Anxiety
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Cohort Studies
;
Depression*
;
Depressive Disorder, Major
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Diagnosis
;
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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Guilt
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Hallucinations
;
Humans
;
Inpatients
;
Korea
;
Logistic Models
;
Psychometrics
;
Quality of Life
;
Suicidal Ideation
;
Weights and Measures
8.Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Insomnia in Depressive Disorders: The CRESCEND Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Jae Min KIM ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jung Bum KIM ; Seung Hee JEONG ; Yong Chon PARK
Psychiatry Investigation 2013;10(4):373-381
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and clinical correlates of insomnia in a large cohort of Korean patients with depressive disorders. METHODS: We recruited 944 patients with depressive disorders from the Clinical Research Center for Depression of South Korea (CRESCEND) study. Psychometric scales were used to assess depression (HAMD), anxiety (HAMA), psychotic symptoms (BPRS), global severity (CGI-S), and functioning (SOFAS). Insomnia levels were determined by adding the scores for all items on the HAMD insomnia subscale. The clinical characteristics of the patients with 'low insomnia' (summed score < or =3 on the HAMD subscale) and 'high insomnia' (score > or =4) were compared using statistical analyses. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify factors associated with 'high insomnia' status. RESULTS: Symptoms of insomnia were present in 93% of patients, while simultaneous early, middle, and late insomnia affected 64.1%. The high insomnia patients were characterized by significantly greater age, higher symptom levels (including core, gastrointestinal somatic and anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation), higher global severity and incidence of physical disorders, and greater insight. Explanatory factors of 'high insomnia' status were older age, higher gastrointestinal somatic and anxiety symptom levels, higher global severity, and greater insight. CONCLUSION: In clinical psychiatry, insomnia has been significantly underdiagnosed and undertreated. It affects most patients with depressive disorders, and is indicative of the global severity of depression. Active efforts to diagnose and treat insomnia in patients with depressive disorders should be strongly encouraged. Further research is needed to improve the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia in depressive patients.
Anxiety
;
Cohort Studies
;
Depression
;
Depressive Disorder*
;
Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Logistic Models
;
Prevalence*
;
Psychometrics
;
Republic of Korea
;
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*
;
Weights and Measures
9.Does Age at Onset of First Major Depressive Episode Indicate the Subtype of Major Depressive Disorder?: The Clinical Research Center for Depression Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Sang Woo HAHN ; Tae Yeon HWANG ; Jae Min KIM ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jung Bum KIM ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yong Chon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2014;55(6):1712-1720
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of age at onset of the first major depressive episode on the clinical features of individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in a large cohort of Korean depressed patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 419 MDD patients of age over 18 years from the Clinical Research Center for Depression study in South Korea. At the start of the study, the onset age of the first major depressive episode was self-reported by the subjects. The subjects were divided into four age-at-onset subgroups: childhood and adolescent onset (ages <18), early adult onset (ages 18-44), middle adult onset (ages 45-59), and late onset (ages 60+). Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and ordinal logistic regression analysis with adjusting the effect of age, the relationships between clinical features and age at onset of MDD were evaluated. RESULTS: There was an apparent, but inconsistent correlation between clinical features and age at onset. Earlier onset MDD was significantly associated with higher proportion of female gender [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.570, p=0.022], more previous suicide attempts (AOR=0.635, p=0.038), greater number of previous depressive episodes (F=3.475, p=0.016) and higher scores on the brief psychiatric rating scale (F=3.254, p=0.022), its negative symptom subscale (F=6.082, p<0.0001), and the alcohol use disorder identification test (F=7.061, p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Early age at onset may increase the likelihood of distinguishable MDD subtype, and age at onset of the first major depressive episode is a promising clinical indicator for the clinical presentation, course, and outcome of MDD.
Adolescent
;
Adult
;
Age Distribution
;
Age of Onset
;
Aged
;
Depression/epidemiology
;
Depressive Disorder, Major/*classification/*diagnosis/psychology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Life Change Events
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Odds Ratio
;
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
;
Regression Analysis
;
Republic of Korea
;
Suicide, Attempted/psychology
;
Young Adult
10.Potential Relationship between Season of Birth and Clinical Characteristics in Major Depressive Disorder in Koreans: Results from the CRESCEND Study.
Seon Cheol PARK ; Jeong Kyu SAKONG ; Bon Hoon KOO ; Jae Min KIM ; Tae Youn JUN ; Min Soo LEE ; Jung Bum KIM ; Hyeon Woo YIM ; Yong Chon PARK
Yonsei Medical Journal 2016;57(3):784-789
We aimed to examine the potential relationship between season of birth (SOB) and clinical characteristics in Korean patients with unipolar non-psychotic major depressive disorder (MDD). Using data from the Clinical Research Center for Depression (CRESCEND) study in South Korea, 891 MDD patients were divided into two groups, those born in spring/summer (n=457) and those born in autumn/winter (n=434). Measurement tools comprising the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Scale for Suicidal Ideation, Clinical Global Impression of severity, Social and Occupation Functional Assessment Scale, WHO Quality of Life assessment instrument-abbreviated version, Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, and Temperament and Character Inventory were used to evaluate depression, anxiety, overall symptoms, suicidal ideation, global severity, social function, quality of life, drinking, and temperament and character, respectively. Using independent t-tests for continuous variables and χ2 tests for discrete variables, the clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. MDD patients born in spring/summer were on average younger at onset of first depressive episode (t=2.084, p=0.038), had greater loss of concentration (χ2=4.589, p=0.032), and were more self-directed (t=2.256, p=0.025) than those born in autumn/winter. Clinically, there was a trend for the MDD patients born in spring/summer to display the contradictory characteristics of more severe clinical course and less illness burden; this may have been partly due to a paradoxical effect of the 5-HT system.
Adult
;
Age of Onset
;
Aged
;
Alcohol Drinking
;
Bipolar Disorder/*diagnosis/*ethnology/psychology
;
Character
;
Cost of Illness
;
Depression
;
Depressive Disorder, Major/*diagnosis/*ethnology/psychology
;
Female
;
Humans
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
;
Personality Inventory/statistics & numerical data
;
*Quality of Life
;
Republic of Korea/epidemiology
;
*Seasons
;
Temperament