No abstract available.
Fungi* ; Plastics*

No abstract available.
Ear* ; Papain*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the difference of depressive symptoms and attention between estrogen user and non-user in postmenopausal women. METHODS: 30 Estrogen users and 30 non-users were participated in this study. They were all menopausal for at least 1 year and have 12 or more education years. We used BDI(Beck Depression Inventory), digit span and digit symbol to evaluate depressive symptoms and attention in both groups. We also measured the plasma estradiol level and identified the correlation between estradiol level and BDI, digit span and digit symbol. RESULTS: The demographic data was not different between both groups. Estrogen users scored higher than non-users in digit span(forward) and lower than non-users in BDI. The correlation between estradiol level BDI, digit span and digit symbol was not significant. CONCLUSION: Estrogen replacement therapy was effective in alleviation depressive symptoms but ineffective in improving attention in postmenopausal women.
Depression* ; Education ; Estradiol ; Estrogen Replacement Therapy* ; Estrogens* ; Female ; Humans ; Plasma

Carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) for carotid stenosis has been increasingly used as an alternative treatment in patients not eligible for surgery. Even though CAS can be performed relatively simply in many cases, various complications can occur. We report four cases of CAS using the Carotid Wallstent, which were complicated by delayed shortening of the stent, resulting in restenosis after successful CAS.
Angioplasty ; Carotid Arteries ; Carotid Stenosis ; Humans ; Stents

PURPOSE: Totally extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair has gained in popularity in the past two decades. Despite the advantages TEP hernia repair, the approach is hindered by the relatively long learning curve of the surgery. We tried to estimate the necessary number of repetitions of TEP hernia repair in the learning curve using logarithmic and exponential function models. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent TEP hernia repair by a single surgeon consecutively at a single center. We calculated how many operations were needed to achieve a reduction in the expected operating time to mean operating time using logarithmic and exponential function models. RESULTS: In the 91 patients, the logarithmic function model predicted that 37 cases were needed to overcome the learning curve for TEP hernia repair while the exponential model predicted that 39 cases were needed. CONCLUSION: According to this study, at least 37 to 39 cases are needed in the overcome learning curve of TEP hernia repair. Further studies are needed to optimize surgical education and maximize quality.
Education ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Humans ; Learning Curve* ; Learning* ; Likelihood Functions ; Retrospective Studies

We report a case of trichilemmal catcinoma in a 79-year-old woman presentde an atrophic scar remaining after excision of a recurrent nodule on the right mandibular area, Her past history revealed that there had been a painful pea-sized brownish nofule on the same site for two years. Eleven months before presentation, it had been excised but recurred 9 months later. Histopathologic findings showed a clear cell neoplasm with trichilemmal keratinization. The tumor cells showed PAS-positive cytoplasm and cytologic atypia with a few mitoitic figures. Immunohistochemical staining for high molecular weight cytokeratin was positive but carcinoembryonic antigens and epithelial membrane antigens were all negative. To our knowledge this is the first report of trichilemmal carcinoma in Korea.
Aged ; Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Cicatrix ; Cytoplasm ; Female ; Humans ; Keratins ; Korea ; Molecular Weight ; Mucin-1

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Central Nervous System ; Epilepsy ; Sarcoidosis

Five patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were treated with microsurgical carotid endarterectomy from January 1988 to December 1990. All patients but one case with major stroke have been improved remarkably after surgery. During the surgery, the use of surgical microscope and electroencephalographic recording seemed to be very useful and beneficial not only for meticulous surgical procedure but also for monitoring of cerebral tolerance in carotid artery cross clamping.
Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Stenosis* ; Constriction ; Electroencephalography ; Endarterectomy* ; Endarterectomy, Carotid ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; Stroke