This report provides a detailed description of the methodology for ophthalmic examinations according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII and VIII (from 2017 to 2021). The KNHANES is a nationwide survey which has been performed since 1998 in representatives of whole Korean population. During the KNHANES VII and VIII, in addition to the ophthalmic questionnaire, intraocular pressure measurement, visual field test, auto refractometry, axial length and optical coherence tomography measurements were included. This new survey will provide not only provide normative and pathologic ophthalmic data including intraocular pressure, refractive error, axial length, visual field and precise measurement of anterior segment, macula and optic nerve with optical coherence tomography, but also a more accurate diagnosis for major adult blindness diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other ocular diseases, for the national Korean population.

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection. We investigated antigen and antibody of EP in horses in the Republic of Korea during 2016-2017. Antigen and antibody of T. equi was detected 0.06% (1/1,650). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that the T. equi was highly homologous with the strains from China, Mongolia, and Spain. Two Theileria spp. were also detected and highly homologous with T. buffeli, T. luwehshuni, and T. orientalis.

This report provides a detailed description of the methodology for ophthalmic examinations according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII and VIII (from 2017 to 2021). The KNHANES is a nationwide survey which has been performed since 1998 in representatives of whole Korean population. During the KNHANES VII and VIII, in addition to the ophthalmic questionnaire, intraocular pressure measurement, visual field test, auto refractometry, axial length and optical coherence tomography measurements were included. This new survey will provide not only provide normative and pathologic ophthalmic data including intraocular pressure, refractive error, axial length, visual field and precise measurement of anterior segment, macula and optic nerve with optical coherence tomography, but also a more accurate diagnosis for major adult blindness diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and other ocular diseases, for the national Korean population.

Equine piroplasmosis (EP) is caused by Babesia caballi and Theileria equi infection. We investigated antigen and antibody of EP in horses in the Republic of Korea during 2016-2017. Antigen and antibody of T. equi was detected 0.06% (1/1,650). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that the T. equi was highly homologous with the strains from China, Mongolia, and Spain. Two Theileria spp. were also detected and highly homologous with T. buffeli, T. luwehshuni, and T. orientalis.

PURPOSE: To establish management protocol for mandibular angle fracture, we describe pertinent factors including cause, impacted third molar and recent treatment tendency. METHODS: We examined the records of 62 patients who had unilateral mandibular angle fracture. Sixty patients who had open reduction surgery were examined at postoperative weeks 1, 4, 8, 12, and 28. RESULTS: Left mandibular angle fracture is frequent in younger males. Presence of the mandibular third molar can increase fracture risk. Because of attached muscle, favorable fractures occurred primarily in the mandibular angle area. CONCLUSION: Extracting the mandibular third molar can prevent angle fractures, and open reduction with only one plate adaptation is generally the proper treatment method for mandibular angle fracture.
Humans ; Jaw Fractures ; Male ; Mandibular Injuries ; Molar, Third

Keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is a benign cystic intraosseous tumor of odontogenic origin. An infection of a KCOT is not common because KCOT is a benign developmental neoplasm. Moreover, a severe deep neck space infection with compromised airway caused by infected KCOT is rare. This report presents a 60-year-old male patient with a severe deep neck space infection related to an infected KCOT due to cortical bone perforation and rupture of the exudate. Treatment of the deep neck space infection and KCOT are reported.
Abscess ; Exudates and Transudates ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck* ; Odontogenic Cysts* ; Odontogenic Tumors* ; Rupture

PURPOSE: In Korea, pregnancy termination is frequently reported among women who took medications for an acute or chronic disease during pregnancy, for fear of teratogenic risk. We have previously shown that a service providing evidence-based information is helpful for women who week counseling to make a rational decision regarding their pregnancies. This study aimed to evaluate whether termination of pregnancy based on such perceptions, is justified using the 'DRug Exposure and risk Assessment in Moms' (DREAM) registry. METHODS: The study included 5,032 consenting pregnant women from the clinic and call center at the Korean Motherisk Program, from November 1999 to October 2008. The DREAM registry recorded the pregnancy outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, intrauterine fetal death, and congenital anomaly) of 3,328 women. RESULTS: Among women exposed to medications, time of exposure ranged from 3.5-4.6 weeks of gestation. There were 1,308 different drugs prescribed to these women. The drug most frequently prescribed was acetaminophen followed by chlorpheniramine maleate, and pseudoephedrine. There were 4.7% (n=156/3,328) women who underwent a voluntary abortion for fear of birth defects. We compared frequency of birth defects between exposed women and unexposed pregnant women in our institution during gestation. The frequency of major congenital malformations was 2.5% (n=74/2,977) in exposed group and 2.9% (n=75/2,573) in unexposed group (P=0.32). There was no statistically significant difference between exposed and control group in the rate of preterm births, intrauterine fetal death and low-birth weight babies. CONCLUSION: We did not observe increased risk of congenital malformations and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of pregnant women exposed to a variety of medications. Therefore these medications are not considered teratogen.
Acetaminophen ; Chlorpheniramine ; Chronic Disease ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Counseling ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Maleates ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnant Women ; Premature Birth ; Pseudoephedrine ; Risk Assessment

PURPOSE: In present study, we evaluated the relationship between prostate stone and lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) and the effect of medications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2005 and June 2007, 328 male patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography(TRUS) were included in this study. 237 patients who had prostate stone with or without LUTS were divided into 3 groups by the prostate stone size(3-5mm, 6-10mm and larger than 11mm). These patients were also divided into 3 groups according to the prostate stone location(the periurethral group, the peripheral group and the multiple site group). The change of the maximum flow rate(Qmax) and the International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS) were measured 6 months after treatment with alpha-blocker and 5-alpha reductase inhibitor(5-ARI). RESULTS: 275 of the 328 patients who underwent TRUS complained of LUTS and 200(72.7%) of these 275 patients had prostate stone; 37(69.8%) of the 53 patients who did not have LUTS had prostrate stone. No statistical significance was found between LUTS and the presence of prostate stone (p=0.664). We found that the patients with LUTS showed a trend to have larger stone, but this was not statistically significant(p=0.792). The location of prostate stone tended to be periurethral for the patients with LUTS (p=0.047). The patient group with resistant to pharmacological manage of their LUTS had stones larger than 11mm, but this had no statistical significance(p=0.615). A lesser therapeutic result was related with periurethral stones(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistical relation for the presence of prostate stone with LUTS. The patients with prostate stone that was located in the periurethral area had more LUTS and less medical benefit.
Male ; Humans

PURPOSE: Recent studies have reported the association of obesity and advanced stage prostate cancer. We researched the association between body mass index(BMI), which is widely used to diagnose obesity, and the prostate-specific antigen(PSA) screening test for prostate cancer. METERIALS AND METHODS: The authors examined the association between BMI and PSA for 26,193 men who visited the health promotion center at our medical center from July 1998 to June 2004. The BMI(weight in kg/height in m2) was calculated from the measured height and weight and this was categorized as follows: BMI<18.5(underweight), BMI 18.5-23.0(normal weight), BMI 23.0-27.5(overweight), BMI>27.5(obesity). We measured the mean PSA value of each BMI category. After adjust for age, we evaluated the PSA according to BMI by using error bars and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The patients' age distribution was from 20 to 90 years old and their mean age was 46.1. The mean PSA value increased in a linear fashion with an increase in the age category(p<0.001), while it decreased in a linear fashion with an increase in the BMI category(p<0.001). After adjusting for age, the mean PSA value also decreased in a linear fashion with an increase in the BMI category(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Men with an elevated BMI tend to have a lower value of PSA and to be misdiagnosed with prostate cancer. The PSA value should considered in relation to age and the BMI for the early detection of prostate cancer.
Age Distribution ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Mass Index* ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Obesity ; Prostate-Specific Antigen* ; Prostatic Neoplasms

This study evaluated the risk of brain damage in neonates delivered at < 34 weeks following a prolonged latency after preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). The medical records of 77 singletons delivered at < 34 weeks with pPROM and 66 singletons delivered at < 34 weeks with preterm labor and intact membranes were reviewed. Latency was divided into four intervals: < or = 24, > 24- < or = 72, > 72- < or = 168 hr, and > 1 week. Outcomes in the longer three intervals were compared with those in neonates delivered at < or = 24 hr after pPROM. The documented outcomes were placental (histologic chorioamnionitis, vasculitis, funnisitis) and neonatal (intraventricular hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, germinal matrix hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia). Odds ratios and 95% CI for the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis according to the respective latency intervals were 4.8 (1.0-22.9), 7.0 (1.1-43.1), 7.4 (2.1-42.3) in patients with pPROM. The risks of intracranial ultrasonic abnormalities, however, did not increased with prolonged latency. In the patients with preterm labor and intact membranes, the both risks did not increased with increasing latency. Therefore, this study was suggested that the risk of histologic chorioamnionitis increased with increasing latency, but there was no relationship between neonatal brain damage and latency interval after pPROM.
Ultrasonography, Prenatal/methods ; Sepsis ; Risk ; Pregnancy ; Odds Ratio ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Models, Statistical ; Intracranial Hemorrhages/pathology ; Humans ; Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture/*pathology ; Female ; Extraembryonic Membranes/pathology ; Chorioamnionitis ; Brain Injuries/*diagnosis/*etiology ; Adult