Objective To explore the role and mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the formation of chronic transplant renal interstitial fibrosis and to study Smurf2 expression change and role played in this process.Methods We collected 26 cases of normal renal tissues and 26 cases of renal allograft specimens from chronic allograft dysfunction patients to observe the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and Masson staining.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression and distribution of E-cadherin,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and TNF-α,Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (Smurf2).Furthermore,The HK2 cells were divided into five groups depending on different concentrations of TNF-α (0,10,20,50,and 100 ng/mL).After 48 h,we collected the cells to analyze the expression changes of Smurf2,E-cad,α-SMA by Western blotting.Results As compared with normal group,the degree of renal interstitial fibrosis in CAD group was aggravated according to the results of HE and Masson staining (P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the positive expression of E-cadherin was reduced,and that of α-SMA,TNF-α and Smurf2 increased greatly in CAD group as compared with normal group (P＜0.01).The results of Western blotting also revealed that after treatment with different concentrations of TNF-α for 48 h,the expression of E-cadherin was downregulated,and that of α-SMA and smurf2 was up-regulated in HK2 cells (P＜0.05).Conclusion TNF-α may promote the formation of allograft renal interstitial fibrosis via transdifferentiation of human tubular epithelial cells to mesenchymal cells by up-regulating the expression of Smurf2.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Jinying Capsule (JC) in treating pelvic inflammatory disease patients with accumulated damp-heat syndrome (ADHS).

METHODSTotally 328 patients were recruited in a prospective, positive drug parallel controlled, and multi-center clinical trial. Of them 213 patients in the treatment group took JC (0.5 g per capsule), 4 capsules each time, 3 times per day, while 115 patients in the control group took Kangfuyan Capsule (KC, 0.4 g per capsule), 3 capsules each time, twice per day. The course of treatment was 4 weeks for all. Scores of Chinese medical syndromes, visual analogue scale (VAS) of the lower abdominal pain, and European quality of life-five dimension scale (EQ-5D) were observed before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.

RESULTSThere were 204 patients in the treatment group and 109 in the control group who completed this trial. The total effective rate of Chinese medical syndrome was 89.71% (183/204 cases) in the treatment group and 76.15% (83/109 cases) in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with before treatment in the same group, EQ-5D scores increased, and VAS scores of the lower abdominal pain decreased in the two groups after treatment. EQ-5D scores was 0.857 ± 0.157 in the treatment group, obviously higher than that in the control group (0.753 ± 0.126, P < 0.05). VAS scores of the lower abdominal pain was 2.14 ± 1.23 in the treatment group, lower than that in the control group (2.33 ± 1.24), but with no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse reaction occurred in the two groups.

CONCLUSIONJC was superior to KC in improving Chinese medical syndrome and quality of life of pelvic inflammatory disease patients with accumulated damp-heat syndrome.

Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; Phytotherapy ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Safety ; Syndrome

Objective:To evaluate whether urological patients at nutritional risk are at higher risk for complications after radical cystectomy than those not at nutritional risk .Methods:We performed a retro-spective observational study in the consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy between 2010 and 2013 .A total of 147 patients were enrolled in this study .The nutritional risk score was assessed preoper-atively by a specialized study nurse .The patients with NRS ( nutritional risk screening ,NRS2002) scores≥3 were considered to have nutritional deficiency .Postoperative complications were defined using the standardized Clavien-Dindo classification .Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictors of complications.Results:The patients aged ≥70 years(50.57%) were more prone to nutritional risk than those aged <70 years (31.67%, P=0.023).Of the 63 patients at nutritional risk, 39 (61.90%) presented with at least 1 complication compared with 29 of the 84 controls (34.52%, P=0 .001 ) .The patients at nutritional risk were at threefold risk for complications on binary Logistic analysis (OR=3.128,95%CI 1.538-6.361,P=0.002).The length of hospital stay of the patients at higher nutritional risk was longer than that of those without nutritional risk [(12.9 ±5.7) d vs.(10.4 ± 4.3) d, P=0.003].Conclusion:The patients aged ≥70 years are at higher nutritional risk than that of those aged <70 years .Patients at nutritional risk are more prone to complications after radical cystectomy .

The clinical data of 24 bladder cancer patients reoperated shortly after laparoscopic radical cystectomy were retrospectively analyzed.The reoperative reasons included intestinal injury,wound bleeding,intestinal anastomosis fistula,deep vein thrombosis,ileus and single-J tube slipping.All of them were cured after reoperation.The postoperative complications were infected incisional wound (n =2),urinary leakage (n =1) and pulmonary infection (n =1).All were cured by symptomatic treatments.The keys of reducing the rate of reoperation shortly after laparoscopic radical cystectomy included selecting indications strictly,standardizing operative procedures and adopting special measures.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Osteoking in promoting gene expression of core binding factor alpha 1 (cbfalpha 1) in necrotic femoral head of rabbits.

METHODSRabbit model of femoral head necrosis (FHN) was induced by intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 10 microg/kg body weight twice with an interval of 24 h and intramuscular injection with methyl prednisone (MPS) 20 mg/kg body weight 3 times. The dynamic changes of cbfalpha 1 gene expression in the femoral head were observed with immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR.

RESULTSThe protein expression of cbfa 1 gene was negative in both model and treatment groups at the 4th week, it turned to weakly positive in the treatment group at the 8th and 12th week but still negative in the model group. The mRNA expression of cbfalpha 1 in the treatment group was 2.87 times that in the model group at the 12th week. There was no significant difference in cbfalpha 1 expression between the normal rabbits with or without Osteoking treatment.

CONCLUSIONOsteoking could promote the endogenous cbfalpha 1 expression in the FHN, the effect is better along with the prolonging of the time applied. But it showed no affection on cbfalpha 1 expression in the normal femoral head of rabbits.

Animals ; Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Femur Head ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

OBJECTIVETo discuss the replantation of fingertip amputation in lack of availability of intravenous anastomosis.

METHODSFrom November 2009 to November 2010, 86 patients (104 fingers) with fingertip amputation were treated with replantatioin, including 64 males and 22 females, with an average age of 26 years ranging from 2 to 64 years. The time from injury to therapy was from 30 min to 12 h, time of broken finger ischemia was from 2.5 to 12 h. Preoperative examination showed no obvious abnormalities. Four different replantation methods were selectively applied to these 104 amputated fingertips of 86 cases: (1) replantation with anastomosis of single or bilateral proper digital artery in 37 fingers; (2) replantation with arteriovenous bypass in 27 fingers; (3) replantation with exclusive anastomosis of digital artery in 24 fingers; (4) replantation with removing the palmar pocket method in 16 fingers.

RESULTSOne hundred and two of 104 amputated fingertips were survived. Among these survived fingers,75 cases (92 fingers) were followed-up for 6 to 24 months. According to the assessment standard of Chinese Medical Association of Hand Surgery, the results were excellent in 52 cases, good in 19, poor in 4.

CONCLUSIONIt benefits to expand the indications and improve the survival rate of replantation of fingertip amputation with the correct choice of different replantation methods according to the injury situation of the broken fingertip artery after debridement under the microscope.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Amputation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Debridement ; Female ; Fingers ; physiology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recovery of Function ; Replantation ; methods ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of cool restrain stress on the accumulation of eosinophils and expression of Th cytokines in rat nasal mucosa with allergic rhinitis model.

METHODSFifty healthy female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: control group, allergic rhinitis (AR) group, AR plus stress group, stress plus AR group and simultaneous stress-AR group. Cool restrain stress, AR model and simultaneous stress-AR were made. Nasal mucosa of septum from rats of five groups were stained routinely by haematoxylin eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry respectively. The density of eosinophils and expression of interleukin (IL)2, IL-6 were observed by using software of image analysis systems under microscope.

RESULTSThe density of eosinophiles and IL-6 in the nasal mucosa of stress-AR group were significantly higher than those in AR [(14.1 +/- 3.2) for eosinophiles, and (15.3 +/- 4.8) for IL-6 ] and were also significantly higher than those in control groups [(2.3 +/- 1.4) for eosinophiles, and (4.9 +/- 2.4) for IL-6)], and the differences reached statistical significance. (F were respectively 7.06, 7.14, 8.54, 8.20, P were respectively < 0.05 or < 0.01), but no significant differences of the three groups (AR plus stress, stress plus AR and simultaneous stress-AR groups) were found (F were respectively 2.90 and 3.20, P > 0.05). The expression of IL-2 in nasal mucosa of stress-AR group was significantly reduced compared with AR and control groups (F were respectively 7.27, 7.32, P were respectively < 0.05 or < 0.01). But there were also no significant differences of the three groups (AR plus stress, stress plus AR and simultaneous stress-AR groups, F = 3.12, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal infiltration and accumulation of eosinophiles and the differences in expression of IL-2 and IL-6 which represented Th1 and Th2 cytokines in rats nasal mucosa varied in different groups. The eosinophiles and IL-6 were rarely expressed in control group and moderately expressed in AR group, but significantly expressed in cool restrain groups. The IL-2 representing Th1 cytokines were reduced in cool restrain stress gruops. All these results indicated that cool restrain stress might play a role in inducing rat allergic rhinitis.

Animals ; Eosinophils ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; metabolism ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fracture Healing ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Tibial Fractures ; drug therapy

Human, birds and other mammals can be infected by avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Bird infections spread among continents in the last 2 years. Human infections become endemic in certain areas, characterized with young patients and high mortality. An unprecedented epizootic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus that is highly pathogenic has crossed the species barrier in Asia to cause many human fatalities and poses an increasing pandemic threat. This summary describes the features of human infection with influenza A (H5N1) in epidemiology and etiology and reviews recommendations for prevention.
Animals ; Birds ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; epidemiology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of Osteoking ( masculine(1)i) in preventing postoperational deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in patients with intertrochanteric fracture (ITF).

METHODSWith prospective and randomized controlled clinical design adopted, 62 patients with ITF after operation were assigned into 2 groups, the tested group and the control group, Osteoking (25 ml every other day) and Sanchi-dansheng tablets (3 tablets thrice a day) were given orally to them respectively for 10 days. Difference of round length of thighs and shanks between two sides were measured on the 10th day and Doppler ultrasonic examination on the fractured leg was carried out.

RESULTSThe occurrence rate of DVT in the tested group was 9.4%, which was lower than that in the control group (30.0%, P < 0.05). All the difference of round lengths, either that of the thigh or the shank, was less in the tested group than that in the control group, showing statistical significance (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOsteoking has a satisfactory effect in preventing postoperational DVT in patients with ITF.

Administration, Oral ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hip Fractures ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Venous Thrombosis ; prevention & control