With an ageing population, the number of pre-frail and frail elderly in the community is on the increase. Favourable policies will encourage and enable elderly to continue to be engaged and cared for, with appropriate services in the community, for the community, and by the community. This article provides an overview of suitability of currently available community centre-based care services in Singapore based on the Clinical Frailty Scale, to work towards a frailty-friendly community. Keys to building a successful frailty-friendly community will also be discussed.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Treatment Failure

Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Objective To understand the microorganism pollution in the indoor air in the campus of Liaocheng University. Methods In April and May, 2004, the content of airborne microbes in the indoor air in Liaocheng University campus was determined by the gravity plate method. Results The average content of bacteria in the indoor air was 2.39?103 cfu/m3, the average content of mildew was 0.62?103 cfu/m3. The predominant microorganism in the internet bars in the campus was bacteria. Conclusion In general, the indoor air quality in Liaocheng University campus is at comparative clear level.

OBJECTIVETo research the distribution characteristics of Chinese medicine (CM) syndrome and syndrome elements of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by analyzing literature in recent 20 years.

METHODSRelevant literature on treating CFS by syndrome differentiation of CM at home were retrieved by computer and manual ways. Database were established by using EpiData 3.1 to conduct frequency analysis of syndrome and syndrome elements.

RESULTSThe most common clinical syndromes were Xin-Pi deficiency syndrome, Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome, Gan-Shen yin deficiency syndrome, Gan qi stagnation syndrome, and Pi-Wei qi deficiency syndrome. Disease locations were sequenced as Pi, Gan, Shen, and Xin. The clinical pathogenesis of CFS was characterized by deficiency of vital energy, complicated with intermingled excess and deficiency. Asthenia of healthy energy was mainly manifested as qi deficiency, blood deficiency, and yin deficiency, while excess of sthenia was mainly manifested as qi stagnation, phlegm dampness, and static blood.

CONCLUSIONSResearch of CM syndrome starting from syndrome elements can better unify and standardize clinical syndrome differentiation. Results of literature analysis can provide reference for further studies.

Background Central corneal thickness (CCT)is an important parameter to evaluate corneal healthy status and is crucial for surgical planning.However,clinical study found that the center of cornea does not correspond to the thinnest point of cornea.Thus,it is essential to characterize the minimum corneal thickness(MCT) and its location.Objective Present study was to determine the thickness and location of MCT and its relationship to the fellow eye using Pentacam High Resolution technique.Methods The 564 eyes from 282 Chinese myopic patients were reviewed in this study.The CCT,MCT,pupillary central corneal thickness(PCT) and x-y coordinate of thinnest point were bilaterally measured.Written informed consent was obtained prior to the ocular biomedical measurement.Results CCT was (540.07±31.78) μm in the right eyes and (539.24±31.06) μm in the lefi eyes; PCT was (540.25±30.75)μm in the right eyes and (539.48±31.00)μm in the left eyes.MCT was (537.87± 31.91)μm in the right eyes and (536.35±31.24)μm in the left eyes,showing significant differences in all the parameters between the right eyes and left eyes expect for PCT(CCT:P=0.046;PCT:P=0.065 ;MCT:P=0.000).The C CT,PCT and M CT were significantly correlated between the right eyes and left eyes (r =0.97,0.97,0.98,P＜ 0.01).Bland-Altman plot showed a good consistence between the both eyes.The mean distance from the center was (0.50±0.21) mm in the right eyes and (0.56±0.22)mm in the left eyes,showing a significant difference (P =0.000).The difference between CCT and MCT was approximately (2.20±1.74)μm in the right eyes and (2.88±1.75) μm in the left eyes.The location of MCT in both the right eyes and left eyes tended to symmetry along the vertical midline.The distance between the R (x,y) to transformed L (x,y) was (0.29 ± 0.17)mm and the angular distance was (28.28±28.21)degree.Conclusions This study offers a range of MCT and its location in Chinese myopic patients.The difference exists between the CCT and MCT in bilateral eyes.The location of the thinnest point tends to be symmetrical along the vertical midline between the both eyes.The changes of these parameters may be helpful for the diagnosis of some corneal diseases.

No abstract available.
Muscle Strength*

Objective To guide the fluid resuscitation in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock by monitoring the central venous oxygen saturation(ScvO2),and to improve the rescue success rate and prognosis of patients with sepsis.Methods Based on the standard of ScvO2 of 6h,45 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock were divided into two groups:observation group(n=28) and control group(n=17).The ScvO2,mean arterial pressure(MAP) and central venous pressure(CVP) levels were measured in the two groups after fluid resuscitation,and then the mortality,MAP compliance rate and CVP compliance rate were compared between the two groups.Results Compared with mortality in the control group(52.94%),the mortality in the observation group(14.29%) was significantly lower,the difference was significant (x2=5.927,P=0.015),but after 6h's fluid resuscitation,the MAP and CVP standard number in the two groups did not exist significant difference(x2=1.182,P>0.05).Conclusion ScvO2 with or without reaching the standard level(more than 65%) was positively correlated with the severity of the disease after fluid resuscitation in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.Therefore,the monitoring of ScvO2 plays an important role in guiding the treatment of fluid resuscitation and judging the prognosis.

Objective To discuss the nursing intervention of Rey syndrome in children patients.so as to search effective nursing measures.Methods 12 children patients with Rey syndrome received comprehensive nursing treatment with reducing intracranial pressure and were under continuous close observation.Slightest changes were feeded back timely,then effective nursing measures were taken to stabilize their illness,patients also received dietary therapy,medication nursing and rehabilitation training,etc.Results All patients ameliorated after 3 to 7 days,and achieved clinical recovery after 20 to 30 days without sequelae.Conclusions Early diagnosis and correct effective nursing care can improve curative rate and avoid the occurrence of complications and sequelae.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Body Height ; drug effects ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Growth Disorders ; drug therapy ; Human Growth Hormone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome