Objective To know the efficacy of oral nursing by visible electric toothbrushes among patients with peroral endotracheal intuabtion. Methods Divided 108 trauma patients with peroral endo-tracheal intubation and clear consciousness into the research group and the control group randomly, there were 54 cases in each group. Routine oral nursing cares were used in the control group, while the visible electric toothbrushes was used in the research group. Compared the efficacy of oral nursing between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of mouth odor, plaque index and oral infection in the research group were better than those of in the control group. Conclusions Using visible electric toothbrushes for trau-ma patients with oral endotracheal tube is a kind of effective and feasibility method, which should be devel-oped in the clinical field.

To develop optimal shift systems for an improvement of work schedule satisfaction, health and work productivity, the effects of the direction of the rotational work shifting on the circadian rhythm and adaptation of physiological components and work mistakes were investigated in nursing students. Two groups of seven volunteers participated as experimental subjects, apd seven to twenty nursing students participated as a control group. The directions of rotation work shift were as follows CW(clockwise)-shift system rotation in the direction of day shift(3 days), evening shift(3 days), off duty(l day) and night shift(5 days), and CCW (counterclockwise) -shift system rotation in the reverse direction. Urinary Na, K, and Cl levels were measured with ion-selective electrodes. The levels of performance were measured by a questionnaire to determine the number of mistakes in 12 specific items during duty. The disturbance of Na the circadian rhythm was seen on day and night shifts, especially in the CCW-rotation shift system, and the magnitude of the daily variation was greatest in the CCW-rotation system. The daily rhythms of K and Cl shifted to the right on the evening shift, and the rhythms were reversed on the night shift, which suggests that they adapted to the altered shift work. However, the levels of Cl were higher in day and night shift workers, especially in CCW-shift system. In the ease of urine salts, it seems that the students in CW-shift system more easily adapted to the altered shift. The incidence of mistakes during work were more frequent on the CCW shift than in the CW shift. These data indicate that the direction of rotation effects the worker's health and work performance. These results indicate that the CCW rotation of shift work makes it more difficult for the workers to adapt to the shift on a physiological level, and has many more negative effects on the shift workers' health when compared with the CW rotation. Thus, a clockwise rotating shift system seems to be more desirable for the optimal health and performance of nurses.
Appointments and Schedules ; Circadian Rhythm* ; Efficiency ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ion-Selective Electrodes ; Salts ; Students, Nursing ; Volunteers ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Suicide*

This paper introduced the measurement methods of heat and moisture exchanger during tracheotomy with two main parameters (water loss and pressure drop) and proposed more heat and moisture exchanger evaluation indicators such as the death chamber, the heat exchange rate, as well as those parameters can be used to evaluate the reasonableness of the heat and moisture exchanger performance.
Humans ; Humidity ; Tracheotomy ; instrumentation ; methods

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Videotape Recording ; Workplace ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of potassium sodium dehydroandrographolide succinate for injection (PSDS)combining with smecta enema treatment on children with autumn diarrhea.Methods 102 children patients with autumn diarrhea were selected and divided into the control group,the PSDS group and the combination group with 34 patients in each group.The control group received symptomatic supportive treatment,based upon this,the PSDS group received PSDS,and the combination group adopted PSDS and smecta enema treatment.The treatment effect was compared between the three groups.Results The effect of the PSDS group and the combination group was better than the control group,the effect of the combination group was better than the PSDS group.Conclusions Combination of PSDS with smecta enema treatment for children with autumn diarrhea has significant effect,but enough attention should be paid to peri-anal nursing.

BACKGROUND: Both c-fosand heat-shock protein (HSP) 70 genes are closely relevant with and participate in the occurrence and development of blood stasis syndrome of primary hypertension. It is importance to study on their correlation for prevention of primary hypertension.OBJECTIVE: Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of HSP70 and c-fos genes in blood stasis syndrome of primary hypertension so as to probe into their correlation.DESIGN: Case analysis.SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College of Jinan University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 148 cases of primary hypertension were selected, diagnosed in ward and clinic of Department of Cardiac Vascular Internal Medicine of Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2002 to march 2003, of which, 80 cases were male and 48 cases were female.INTERVENTIONS: At 7:30 to 8:00 in the morning on the 3rd of hospitalization, 2 mL intravenous blood was collected in fasting for immunohistochemical determination of HSP70 and c-fos genes. Evaluative standards:negative expression (-), no brown-yellow stained cell appeared; positive expression (+), positive cell count of each high power field ＜ 20％; dominant expression (++), positive cell count of each high power field was in the range from 20％ to 50％; strong positive expression (+++), positive cell count of each high power field was ＞ 50％. Ridit analysis statistical method was used for the correlation analysis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Expression of HSP70 and c-fos genes.RESULTS: Totally 148 cases of primary hypertension participated in the experiment and the blood sample of all of those entered the result analysis.① Six cases presented positive expression of both HSP70 and c-fos genes.② Four cases presented dominant expression of HSP70 gene and positive expression of c-fos gene respectively. ③ Twelve cases presented strong positive expression of HSP70 gene and positive expression of c-fos gene respectively. ④ Six cases presented positive expression of HSP70 gene and dominant expression of c-fos gene respectively. ⑤ Nineteen cases presented dominant expression of both HSP70 and c-fos genes. ⑥ Sixteen cases presented strong positive expression of HSP70 gene and dominant expression of c-fos gene respectively. ⑦ One case presented positive expression of HSP70 gene and strong positive expression of c-fos gene respectively. ⑧ Twenty-eight cases presented dominant expression of HSP70 gene and strong positive expression of c-fos respectively. ⑨ Fifty-six cases presented strong positive expression of both HSP70 and c-fos genes. ⑩ The grade of positive expression presented significant correlation between HSP70 gene and c-fos gene (R =0.281 1-0.644 6, P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: In blood stasis syndrome of primary hypertension, the high expression presents in both HSP70 and c-fos genes, indicating remarkably correlation.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of low-dose dexmedetomidine plus tramadol hydrochloride for patient-controlled interscalene analgesia (PCIA) after laparoscopic hysterectomy.Methods Seventy ASA Ⅰ ～ Ⅱ female patients with elective laparoscopic hysterectomy were randomly divided into two groups:the tramadol hydrochloride PCIA group(group A),and the dexmedetomidine plus tramadol hydrochloride PCIA group(group B),35 cases in each group.Visual analog scale (VAS),Ramsay scores,Sleepiness scale and the tramadol consumption were recorded.And the adverse events such as nausea and vomiting,dizziness and respiratory depression were observed.Results All patients got good analgesia in both two groups,VAS scores ＜ 4.In group B,VAS scores of postoperative 24h and 48h were (3.2 ±0.3) (2.7 ±0.3),which were significantly lower than (3.8 ±0.4) and (3.2 ± 0.2) in group A (t24 =7.099,t48 =8.204,all P ＜ 0.05).Sleepiness scale (3.1 ± 0.7) in group B was lower than group A (4.2 ± 0.8) (t =6.122,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no difference of Ramsay scores between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).And in group B,the tramadol consumption [(625.2 ± 113.7) mg] and the intramuscular pethidine times (2.1 ±1.9) were fewer than group A[(782.9 ± 102.6)mg,(5.2 ±2.2) times] (t =6.092,6.309,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion Low-dose dexmedetomidine may improve the effect of tramadol hydrochloride PCIA after laparoscopic hysterectomy,and help to reduce the tramadol consumption and adverse effects.

Brain metastases from lung cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality,whichis lack of effective treatment.Because chemotherapeutic drugs are thought to not cross the blood-brain barrier(BBB), the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases remains controversial. For yearsradiotherapy has been the standard treatment for brain metastases.However, recent studies have confirmedthat the BBB in patients with brain metastases tumors are broken down.At the same time,researchers havefound some new methods for chemotherapeutic drugs to reach the brain metastases.Chemotherapy will play amore and more active role in the treatment of brain metastases tumors.

Objective With the case of 9 county hospitals in Wenzhou region of Zhejiang Province,this paper made a research into the classification method of basic medical services,in order to round up basic medical services and make sure of basic medical needs of the people.Methods The methods of priority ranking,opinion focused and group-based evaluation were called into play to clarify the medical services of the hospitals,with an empirical research of the results of classification.Results The results indicated that among the 3847 medical services of Zhejiang Province,1325 were county hospital's basic medical services.Among them,201 or 95.78％,were used in high frequency,which rank as services deserving priority.Conclusion The study of the classification method of basic medical services could be used for clear division of the basic medical services in need of priority and attention.It provides the government with an optimal means to make better use of limited medical resources.