Objective To understand the nurses' evaluation of current grading nursing system.Methods Self-questionnaire was designed and used to investigate 141 clinical nurses coming from three general hospitals sampled conveniently.Results (1)Clinical nurses lacked in-depth study of grading nursing instruction principle;(2)Doctors and nurses lacked the cooperation during the process of identifying the level of care;(3)Level of care was not consistent with the patients' condition and self-care ability;(4)Disease inspection and primary care were not consistent with patients' level of care;(5)Health guidance and mental nursing couldn't meet the actual needs of patients;(6)Senior nurses' evaluation of the implementation of grading nursing was lower than Junior nurses; (7)Clinical nurses held positive attitudes to nurses and patients participating in grading nursing.Conclusions Nurses thought poorly of grading nursing system in operation,it was necessary to improve the content of principles about grading nursing manner,health instruction and psychological nursing,and implement grading nursing system correctly.It was also important to take patients' willingness of participating in care into account.

Objective To validate the clinical applicability of the published standard reference interval of routine clinical chemistry(WS/T 404.1-2012,WS/T 404.1-2012) based on the results of health examination.Methods This was a retrospective study.The results of serum TP(Biuret),ALB (BCG),ALT(Rate without 5'-pyridoxal phosphate),AST (Rate without 5'-pyridoxal phosphate),ALP (Rate,AMP),GGT(Rate) from healthy examinatiou individuals (from January to July,2013) were collected to calculate the 2.5％ and 97.5％ pereentiles,excluding the significant abnormal results according to the Medical Deciding Level 2 recommended by Staland.The number of the cases after excluding were 19 708(M 12 044,F 7 664) 、19 728(M 12 069,F 7 659) 、45 569(M 26 299,F 19 270) 、45 877(M 26 739,F 19 138)、5 965(M 4 208,F 1 757)、4 726(M 3 164,F 1 562),respectively.The proportions of all the examined results (with and without the excluded results) that fell in the published standard reference interval were also calculated.Results The test of normality revealed that the frequency distributions of all verified items were skewed distributions after excluded the abnormal results.The 2.5％-97.5％ percentiles of TP,ALB,ALT(M),ALT(F),AST (M),AST (F),ALP (F20-49),ALP (F50-79),GGT (M) and GGT (F) were 64-79 g/L,40-59 g/L,9-52 U/L,7-39 U/L,13-41 U/L,12-33 U/L,42-116 U/L,36-98 U/L,44-130 U/L,11-72 U/L and 7-50 U/L respectively.More than 90％ results of TP,ALB,ALT(M),ALT(F),AST (M),AST(F),ALP(F20-49),ALP(F50-79),GGT(M) and GGT(F) (with and without the excluded results) fell in the reference intervals of national standards,GGT(M) was 80％ and 91％.Conclusions The published standard reference interval of routine clinical chemistry (WS/T 404.1-2012,WS/T 404.1-2012) are applicable to our laboratory.

Objective To investigate the cellular viability and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of the Müller cells under high glucose condition,and explore the protection role of the 5,6-dihydrocyclopenta-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (CPDT) on Müller cells.Methods Müller cells from Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups randomly,including 25 mmol/L normal glucose group (group A) and 65 mmol/L high glucose group (group B).High glucose group with 45,60,70 μmol/L CPDT and cultured them 72 hour was set as group C,D and E.Water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST)-8 was used to measure the cellular viability.Flow cytometry was used to measure the active oxygen and apoptosis index.The expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2),hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1),Bcl-2 and Bax protein were measured by Western blot.Results Compared with group A,the WST-8 showed that the viability of Müller cells apparently decreased in group B (t=39.59,P＜0.05).Compared with the group B,the viability of Müller cells had changes in group C (t=0.97,P＞0.05),but recovered in group D and E (t=-4.17,-7.52;P＜0.05).Compared with group A,the FCM showed that the mitochondrial ROS levels was higher in group B (t=-30.99,P＜0.05).Compared with group B,the mitochondrial ROS levels were decreased in group D (t=27.68,P＜0.05).Compared with group A,Bax,Nrf2 and HO-1 increased (t=-11.03,-63.17,-11.44;P＜0.05),while the bcl-2 decreased in group B (t=7.861,P＜0.05).Compared with the group B,Nrf2,HO-1 and Bax decreased (t=15.11,26.59,6.27;P＜0.05),while the bcl-2 increased in group D (t=-6.53,P＜0.05).Conclusions Under the high glucose,CPDT may reduce the mitochondrial ROS levels and the expression of Nrf2,HO-1 and Bax protein of Müller cells.It may inhibit apoptosis through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and balancing of level of Bcl-2 protein and mitochondrial ROS.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of narcotics drugs in the clinic. METHODS:A total of 5 841 prescriptions of narcotic drugs in our hospital from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2013 were selected as subjects. The utilization of drugs was an-alyzed statistically using DDDs,DDC and DUI as index. The situation of pharmacists prescriptions dispensing was analyzed with missing rate of unqualified prescriptions as an indicator. RESULTS:7 narcotics drugs DUI≤1.00 in 2012. 9 narcotics drugs DUIs≤1.00 in 2013. The highest missing rate of unqualified prescriptions was 9.33% in the inpatient pharmacy in 2013. The amount and DDDs of Morphine hydrochloride injection,Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet and Oxycodone sustained-release tablet all in-creased in 2013,compared to in 2012;DUI of all morphine preparation were >1.00. DUI of Codeine phosphate tablet and Bucin-nazine tablet were decreased from 1.64 and 1.11 in 2012 to 1.02 and 0.74 in 2013,tending to be reasonable. The amount and DDDs of Sulfentanyl injection,Remifentanil injection and Fentanyl patch all in 2013,compared to in 2012. CONCLUSIONS:The utilization of narcotics drugs in our hospital basically tend to be rational,but still many deficiencies exist. We should strengthen in-tervention and management on the the utilization of narcotic drugs further.

Objective We observed influence of different handgrip exercise on the changes of blood flow velocity and blood vessel diameter of basilic vein before and after the PICC placement and discuss the best model for handgrip exercise.Methods 60 patients with PICC were chosen and divided into group A,B and C with 20 patients in each groups.Group A received routine guidance on unarmed handgrip exercise,group B used electronic handgrip,the frequency was 25 times/min,the time period was 2 min with 4 times a day,once every 4 hours,group C adopted the same model as that of group B and 6 times a day,once every 3 hours.The venous blood flow velocity and blood vessel diameter was measured by pulsed Doppler ultrasound one hour before the PICC placement and one hour,1 day,3 days,7 days,10 days,14 days,21 days after placement.Results The venous blood flow velocity before and after PICC placement had statistically significant differences at different time points (F=2.934,P ＜ 0.05).The effect of group B and C was better than that of the group A and group C showed the best effect.The blood vessel diameter before and after PICC placement had significant differences at different time points(F=3.940,P ＜ 0.05).There was significant differences in the blood vessel diameter 1h before and 1h after PICC placement.Conclusions Handgrip exercise can effectively promote the upper limb venous blood flow velocity in patients with PICC,but shows little effect on the blood vessel diameter.Using the electronic hand grip in weak tap position,25 times/min,2 min every time,and 6 times a day (once every 3 hours),can obviously promote the upper limb venous blood flow velocity.

Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; Hippocampus ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Sleep ; Spatial Learning

No abstract available.
Abortion, Habitual* ; Cytogenetics* ; Family Characteristics* ; Female ; Pregnancy

Objective To explore the effect of irbesartan on cardiac endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in diabetic rats.Methods The model of diabetic rat was induced by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin (STZ,35 mg/kg) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).Diabetic rats were divided into diabetic group and the Irbesartan treated group.The pathological changes were investigated by fluorescence microscope and electron microscope.The EndMT was studied in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) exposure to high glucose.The concentration of angiotensin Ⅱ in the supernatant was detected by radioimmunoassay.Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the co-localization of CD31 and FSP1.Results The significant myocardial fibrosis was presented in the diabetic group.Endothelial protrusions were prominent feature in myocardial microvascular of diabetic rat compared with the control group rats.Double staining of HAEC showed co-localization of CD31 and FSP1,which was decreased by the treatment of Irbesartan (P ＜ 0.05).When HAEC was exposed to high glucose,it showed some cells acquired spindle-shaped morphology and lost CD31 staining,and FSP1 and α-SMA protein expression levels were markedly upregulated,which attenuated by the treatment of Irbesartan.Conclusion Irbesartan might prevent diabetes from myocardial fibrosis via inhibition of EndMT in diabetic rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of small-dose ketamine on the onset time and course of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in mentally depressed rats.Methods Sixty SPF adult male SpragueDawley rats,aged 2-3 months,weighing 220-250 g,were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:normal control group (group C),depression group (group D),ECT group,propofol + ECT group (group PE),ketamine + ECT group (group KE) and ketamine + propofol + ECT group (group KPE).The depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS).Mter CUMS,C,D and ECT groups received intraperitoneal normal saline 8 ml/kg,group PE received intraperitoneal propofol 100 ml/kg,group KE received intraperitoneal ketamine 10 ml/kg,and group KPE received intraperitoneal ketamine 10 ml/kg + propofol 80 ml/kg.All the groups received ECT once a day for 7 consecutive days starting from the time point when righting reflex was lost except C and D groups.Open-field test was performed before CUMS,at 1 day after CUMS and at the end of each ECT (T0 8).The total distance and the number of standing on the back legs were recorded.Morris water maze test was performed at 2 days after CUMS and 1 day after the end of therapy,and the escape latency and time of staying at the original platform quadrant were recorded.Results Compared with group C,the total distance was shortened and the number of standing on the back legs was reduced,the escape latency was prolonged,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened at T1-8 in D,ECT,PE and KE groups and at T1 5 in KPE group,and no significant was found in KPE group in the total distance,number of standing on the back legs,escape latency,and time of staying at the original platform quadrant at T6-8.Compared with group D,the total distance was prolonged and the number of standing on the back legs was increased at T6-8 in ECT and PE groups and at T4-8 in KE and KPE groups,the escape latency was prolonged,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was shortened in ECT group,and the escape latency was shortened,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was prolonged in KPE group.Compared with ECT and PE groups,the total distance was prolonged and the number of standing on the back legs was increased at T4-7 in group KE and at T4-8 in group KPE,and the escape latency was shortened,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was prolonged in KPE group.Compared with group KE,the total distance was prolonged and the number of standing on the back legs was increased at T6.7,the escape latency was shortened,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was prolonged in KPE group.Conclusion Small-dose ketamine can shorten the onset time and course of MECT in mentally depressed rats.

To investigate the plasma thioredoxin-interacting protein ( TXNIP ) levels in different glucose tolerance groups and discuss the relationship between TXNIP and insulin resistance/β-cell dysfunction in diabetes and prediabetes, and to investigate the potential relationship between TXNIP and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) . According to oral glucose tolerance test, 93 participants were divided into 3 groups:diabetes mellitus group, prediabetes group, and normal glucose tolerance group. Plasma TXNIP, IL-1β, and other biochemical indices were measured. The relationship between TXNIP and glucose, IL-1β, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR) , and homeostasis model assessment forβcell function ( HOMA-β) were analyzed by using multiple linear regression techniques and Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Plasma TXNIP level was higher in prediabetes group compared with normal glucose tolerance group, but lower in prediabetes group compared with diabetes mellitus group[(355. 35±31. 88 vs 274. 36±33. 86, 426. 16±63. 15)pg/ml, P<0. 01 or P<0. 05]. TXNIP was positively correlated with IL-1βand HOMA-IR, but negatively correlated with HOMA-β. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that IL-1βexerted significant influence on TXNIP ( P<0. 05 ). Plasma TXNIP level is affected by blood glucose concentration. There is a close relationship between TXNIP and IL-1β. In prediabetes patient, the TXNIP levels have already been raised.