Oxidative stress played an important role in the development of diabetes and its complications. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway is one of the most vital endogenous antioxidant pathways. Accumulated evidences indicated that the relationship between diabetes and NRF2 pathway attracted more and more attention in recent years. Our group has devoted ourselves to the researches concerning the chronic complications of diabetes and NRF2 pathways. This review highlighted our recent progresses in the underlying mechanism of the protective role of NRF2 in diabetic nephropathy, diabetic ulcers and diabetic amyotrophy. Finally, the possibility of NRF2 agonists applied to clinical therapy for diabetic chronic complications was explored.

Aim To study the effects of preconditioning with desflurane, sevoflurane and isoflurane on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in anoxia-reoxygenation myocardial cells. Methods Rat ventricular myocytes, cultured for 4～5 days, were randomly allocated to five groups: Control group, anoxia-reoxygenation group and groups preconditioned with 1.5 MAC desflurane, sevoflurane or isoflurane following anoxia-reoxygenation. The content of intracellular ATP ,the activities of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK), and the cell viability were measured at the end of experiment.Results Preconditioning with 1.5 MAC desfllurane, sevoflurane or isoflurane significantly attenuated the great reduction in ATP and cell viability and the increase of LDH and CK caused by anoxia-reoxygenation. There was a positive correlationship between ATP and cell viability,and a negatiue correlationship between LDH and CK (r was 0.83, -0.87 and -0.82 respectively, P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on neuron specific enolase (NSE) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum of patients with large-area cerebral infarction.Methods160 cases with large-area cerebral infarction were divided into the treatment group and control group with 80 cases in each group. Patients of the control group were treated with routine therapy. Those of the treatment group were added with mild hypothermia therapy (MHT). The scores of NIHSS were assessed and NSE and SOD in serum were examined before treatment and 7, 14 and 30 days after treatment in two groups.ResultsThe NIHSS score of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05), and NSE level decreased, SOD vitality increased in the treatment group. Other indexes such as respiratory, pulse, serum kalium and etc of two groups were not different ( P>0.05).ConclusionMHT can improve he nerve function of patients with large-area cerebral infarction recovering and improve prognosis.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; instrumentation ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Stents

Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Stilbenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE:To explore the relevant factors that led to the adverse drug reaction(ADR)of netilmicin.METHODS:ADR cases resulted from netilmicin reported in12kinds of Chinese periodicals from1998to2003were analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The ADR of netilmicin involved multiple organs and systems,the clinical manifestation were compli-cated and diversified,which manifested mainly on the renal toxicity,toxicity of nervous system and allergic reaction.CON-CLUSION:Clinician and pharmacists should be alert to the ADR of netilmicin and keep using drugs rationally.

Objective To investigate the role of autonomic nerve system(ANS)in the pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness(AMS).Methods A hypobaric chamber was used to simulate 4500m altitude for 1 day.The function of ANS of 43 healthy young males was measured individually before the experiment,and then at a “height” of 4500m for 5min.GJB1098-91 clinical questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the AMS symptomatic scores.HRV was measured respectively before the test and 2h,10h,20h at 4500m;cold pressure test(CPT)and plasma concentration of NA were determined before the test and at 4500m,AMS scores were evaluated at the end of exposure.25 subjects with AMS scores of 10 or less were identified as mild AMS group(group A),and another 18 subjects with scores of over 10 were gathered as moderately severe AMS group(group B).Results Compared with group A,the systolic pressure(SP)during CPT increased markedly in group B(P

Objective Protection afforded by ischemic preconditioning (IPC) against myocardial ischemia in adult heart has been investigated. This study was designed to examine the effects of IPC on myocardial tolerance to ischemia in immature hearts.Methods The aorta of isolated immature rabbit heart (14-21d old) was connected to Langendorff preparation within 30 s after excision. The hearts were perfused with oxygenated (95%O 2:5%CO 2) Krebs-Henseleit buffer(KHB) at 60 cmH 2O. 16 immature rabbit hearts were equally divided into 2 groups: control group and IPC group. In IPC group the hearts were first subjected to IPC stimulus consisting of 5 min global ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion. The hearts in both groups were made globally ischemic for 30 min(no perfusion) followed by 40 min reperfusion. At the end of 40 min reperfusion the hearts were harvested for ATP analysis. The coronary flow(C), HR, left ventricle developed pressure(LVDP) and ?dp/dt were monitored and recorded before ischemia and at 5,10,20,30 and 40 min of reperfusion, and calculated as % of pre-ischemia levels. Coronary flow was collected before and after reperfusion for CK-MB determination.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the four parameters between the two groups. Arrhythmia scores were also comparable betweeen the two groups. The CK-MB leakage in IPC group was increased but not significantly different from that in control group. The ATP levels of myocardium at the end of reperfusion was significantly lower than that in the control group [(123.85?17.42)?g/g versus (167.21?16.53)?g/g].Conclusions IPC can not protect immature rabbit hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. On the contrary it may lead to myocardial injury due to more energy consumption.

Objective To investigate whether ischemic preconditioning( IPC) could protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in immature rabbit heart and the role of KATP channel in the mechanism of myocardial protection. Methods New Zealand rabbits aged 14-21 days weighing 220-280g were used. The animals were anesthetized and heparinized. Chest was opened and heart was quickly removed and aorta was connected to Langendorff preparation within 30 s. The hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer balanced with gas mixture(O2: CO2 = 95% : 5% ) at 60cmH2O2(perfusion pressure) . IPC consisted of 5 mm global ischimia plus 10 mm reperfusion. Glibenclamide was used as KATP channel blocker. Cardiac arrest was induced with cold(4℃ ) St Thomas Ⅱ cardioplegic solution and heart was made globally ischemic by withholding perfusion for 45 mm followed by 40 mm reperfusion. Thirty immature rabbit hearts were randomly divided into four groups: group Ⅰ( n= 9 control) was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion only; groupⅡ(n= 9 IPC + ischemia-reperfusion); group Ⅲ(n = 6 glibenclamide + ischemia-reperfusion) and group Ⅳ( n= 6 glibenclamide + IPC + ischemia-reperfusion) . Coronary flow(CF), HR, left ventricle developed pressure( LVDP) and ? dP/dt max were monitored before ischemia/IPC/glibenclamide( baseline value) and 5, 10, 20 and 40 mm after reperfusion and were expressed as percentage of their baseline values. Arrhythmia scores were recorded. Coronary effluent was collected at 10 miii after reperfusion was started for determination of CK-MB level. At the end of reperfusion 200mg myocardium was taken from apex for determination of ATP content. Results The group Ⅱ(IPC group) showed best results. The recovery of CF, HR, LVDP and ?dp/dt max, was best among the four groups. The incidence of arrhythmia was low and less CK-MB leaked out. Myocardial ATP content was better preserved. Pretreatment with glibenclamide completely abolished the myocardial protection provided by IPC but did not affect ischemiareperfusion injury. Conclusions IPC can protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in immature rabbit bean. Activation of KATh channel is involved in the mechanism of myocardial protection of IPC.

AIM:To develop a microbiological method for determining plasma doxycyclineMETHODS:Plasma concentration of doxycycline was detected with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 26003 and Micrococcus luteus ATCC 28001 strains in a variety of culture media and pHsRESULTS:Linear scope of doxycycline(016～100mg/L,r=09 985) could be achieved with using a microbiological method,which consisted of staphylococcus aureus and bovine heart soup culture medium at pH 50CONCLU_SION:This method can be used in study of pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of doxycycline