The relationship between retinal vasculopathy and cerebrovascular disease is receiving increasing attention.Most studies have shown that retinal vasculopathy may reflect cerebrovascular disease,and thus help us to understand cerebrovascular disease more directly.Retinal vasculopathy is closely associated with the onset risk of cerebrovascular disease,outcome and cognitive impairment.

Objective To observe the effects of storage condition on the quality of Semen Armeniacae Amarum. Methods Orthogonal design was adopted. The storage condition was optimized with temperature,humidity and storage time as the observation factors,with the content of amygdalin,and the content,acid value and peroxide value of fatty oil as the indexes.The content of fatty oil,acid value and peroxide value were measured according to the methods provided by 2005 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The content of amygdalin was measured by HPLC. Results Temperature was the main influencing factor of amygdalin content,then came humidity and storage time. Temperature was also the main influencing factor of the concent and the acid value of fatty oil,and the humidity was the second. For peroxide value,humidity was the main factor,then came temperature and storage time. Conclusion The optimal conditions of storing Semen Armeniacae Amarum as follows:storage in dry place with the temperature of 2～ 8 ℃,and in short storage time.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for standardized management of national drug standard in China.METHODS:Special inspections about the implementation of national drug standard were performed in pharmaceutical manufacturers of Deyang area.Based on the results of daily inspections,national drug standard was analyzed and discussed comprehensively.RESULTS:National drug standards were too many and diverse so that they influenced standardized management and implementation,which involved several aspects such as legality and seriousness of the management of drug standard,the conformity of relevant policy with drug standard,the standard of raw material and excipients,standardization of management approach for reference sample.CONCLUSION:Rigorous,complete and accurate national drug standards should be formulated,and relevant laws and regulations should be improved.Pharmaceutical enterprises can be urged to establish standardized drug standard file and to organize production and testing in accordance with national drug standard.

Electrical stimulation is a common technology to treat neurogenic bladder dysfunction secondary to supersacral spinal cord injury. This paper reviews the historical development of this treatment and current status.

Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; complications ; Quality of Life ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive ; complications

Objective To observe the ultrastructure location of Huntingtin-associated protein 1(HAP1) in rat adrenal medulla and the effect of cold stress on the expression of HAP1 in rat adrenal medulla. Methods Fourteen healthy male Wistar rats were used in the present study and among them two rats were used for immune electron microscopy and twelve rats for cold stress experiment. In the cold stress experiment, animals were divided into control and cold groups randomly with six rats in each group. During the experiment, rats were housed in a room at the temperature of 4℃ for 12 hours and then immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to measure the expression of HAP1 in adrenal medulla. Results By using the immune electron microscopy, the results showed HAP1 was located on the external membrane of secretory vesicles of adrenal medulla and their membranous organelles. The expression of HAP1 in adrenal medulla of cold group significantly decreased as compared with that of control group ( P <0.01). Conclusion HAP1 might be related with the adrenal medulla cells endocrine granula and involved in the transmission and release of adrenaline or noradrenaline in secretory granule.

It has been demonstrated that connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) may enhance proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts,inhibit the functions of osteoblasts,increase osteoclastogenesis in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis,stimulate proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes,and induce angiogenesis in vivo and vitro.Above all,CTGF plays an important role in sustaining growth of skeleton and cartilage,and thus maintaining bone quantity.

9 cm in 66 cases and 8 cm in 4 cases.A vaginal speculum was inserted smoothly,showing a pinky,wet,and normal-tensioned vaginal mucous membrane.Of 44 cases with intercourse experience,there were 43 cases with satisfactory sexual life and 1 case with a complaint of too short vagina(vaginal length,8 cm).Conclusions Laparoscopic vaginoplasty of peritoneum has advantages of minimal invasion,simplicity of performance,and rapid recovery.The appearance and functions of "artificial vagina" after surgery are similar to those of normal vagina.

Objective Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). There are several potential therapies to target EGFR. The detection of EGFR expression is usually performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) only in the primary tumor. There are a few data regarding the EGFR status in the corresponding distant metastases. The aim of the present study was to correlate EGFR expression in primary tumors and related metastases in order to find out whether EGFR status is different between primary tumors and related metastases. Methods 37 cases (25 male, 12 female) of metastatic colorectal cancer were collected. The site of primary tumor was on colon in 16 patients (43.2%) and on rectum in 21 patients (56.8%). Metastatic sites analyzed were liver in 32 patients (86.5%), inguinal lymph nodes in 5 patients (13.5%). The EGFR status of primary tumors and related metastatic sites were evaluated retrospectively. The expression of EGFR was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), EGFR status was defined as positive if the percentage of stained malignant cells was ≥5%, and the expression feature was analyzed. Results EGFR status was positive in 25 primary tumors (67.6%), in which the corresponding metastatic site was negative in 7 cases (28.0%), whereas it was positive in 3 metastases (25.0%) from 12 cases of EGFR-negative primary cancers. The difference between the primary tumors and metastatic lesions had no statistic significance (P=0.23). Conclusion When analyzed by IHC, The difference of EGFR status has no statistic significance between the paired primary tumors and distant metastatic lesions, and 73% of samples show concordant EGFR status.