No abstract available.
Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary* ; Ulcer*

No abstract available.
Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Parotid Gland* ; Radiotherapy*

A case of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in a 8-year-old boy who presented with easy fatigability and cyanosis for 4 months, is described. Grossly, there was a large vascular anomaly measuring 2x2 cm in the center of the removed right lower lobe. Microscopically, the lesion consisted of dilated arterial and venous structures resembling a cavernous hemangioma. Subintimal fibrosis and attenuated vascular structure lacking elastic fiber and representing A-V shunt were also noted in the lesion.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Orchiectomy* ; Testis*

The exact etiologies and mechanisms of ischemia in avascular necrosis of femoral head are still under investigation. But this condition seems to be increasing during a few decades with increasing use of steroid and alcohol abuse in Korea. The treatment modalities have been based on the stages of the disease by simple radiographic findings that do not describe the accurate pathological extent or localization. Therefore more sophisticated study is needed to treat the AVN of the femoral head well. Magnetic resonance images, simple radiographs, scintigraphs of 13 patients(22 femoral heads), who were admitted and treated at Seoul National University Hospital from April, 1989 to December, 1989 were correlated, to characterize the type of AVN by extent and location regardless of its stage and reveal the relationship between types and stages. It is the result of this study that the type of AVN as well as stage should be considered in determining the treatment modality.
Alcoholism ; Classification ; Head ; Ischemia ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Necrosis ; Seoul

Leg ; Osteogenesis, Distraction

No abstract available.

There are no drugs without the risk of potential adverse reactions. All pharmacologically active substances can cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This paper aims at introducing recent trends in pharmacosurveillance systems for ADRs, which can be broadly classified into type A and B reactions. Since type A reactions are associated with drug pharmacology, they are usually dose-dependent and predictable. Whereas, type B reactions occur in some susceptible individuals, regardless of the pharmacological action of drug. Drug hypersensitivity reactions are typical examples of type B reactions and are subclassified according to the underlying pathomechanism. Recent advancements in pharmacogenomics have enlightened the understanding of individual differences in drug efficacy and susceptibility to ADRs. Therefore, expectations for safe personalized medicines are higher than ever before. However, premarketing clinical trials are too small and too short to uncover rare but serious ADRs and detect long-standing ADRs. In the past, post-marketing surveillance systems mainly focused on passive ADR monitoring systems, based on spontaneous reports. Recently, the importance of active pharmacovigilance systems, which use big data, is growing with recent advancements in medical informatics. Thus, regarding ADRs, suspecting and detecting the causative drug using causality assessment based on data science may contribute to decrease suffering induced by ADRs.