Thirty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with cadmium chloride solution ranging from 0.2 to 3.2mg CdCl2/kg by intravenous single injection. At 48 hours after administration of cadmium, total cadmium, MT bound cadmium and histopathologic finding in liver, kidney, lung, heart, testis, metallothionein in liver, kidney and total cadmium in blood were examined. Tissue cadmium concentration was highest in liver, followed by in kidney, heart, lung and testis. Cadmium bound to metallothionein(MT-Cd) and ratio of MT-Cd to total cadmium were increased in liver and kidney dependently of cadmium exposure dose, but not significantly changed in other organs. On histopathologic finding, the most susceptible organ was heart in considering cadmium exposed dose, but testis in considering cadmium concentration. Blood cadmium concentration was increased with dose-dependent pattern, and significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration, so that we may estimate tissue cadmium concentration by measurement of blood cadmium concentration. Metallothionein in liver and kidney was increased with dose-dependent pattern, higher in liver than in kidney, and was significantly correlated with tissue cadmium concentration. However, metallothionein induction efficiency of tissue cadmium(microgram MT/microgram Cd) was greater in liver than in kidney, and reverse to tissue concentration or exposed dose of cadmium.
Animals ; Cadmium Chloride ; Cadmium* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Metallothionein* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in health behaviors among adolescents in order to provide fundamental data to develop an effective body weight control program. METHODS: Secondary analysis was done using data from the 9th (2013) Online Survey on Ado-lescents' Health Behaviors by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The adolescents were divided into low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups according to body mass index (BMI). Differences in health behaviors were analyzed. RESULTS: Gender, grade, socioeconomic status, perceived-health status, exercise, breakfast, fast food, ramen noodles, snacks, carbonated soft drinks, fruits and vegetables, satisfaction with sleep, stress, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly different among the groups. Ingestion of carbonated soft drinks and snacks was significantly higher in the low weight group compared to the normal weight group. Eating fast foods, ramen noodles, and snacks was significantly lower in the overweight and obesity groups compared to the normal weight group. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that health behaviors among the groups differ from traditional knowledge about obesity. To develop optimal programs and improve efficacy, prior knowledge should be used to think differently and individualized programs should be based on an understanding health behaviors of adolescents.
Adolescent Health* ; Adolescent* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index* ; Body Weight ; Breakfast ; Carbon ; Carbonated Beverages ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Eating ; Fast Foods ; Fruit ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Snacks ; Social Class ; Thinness ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: Telomeres are specialized structures containing unique (TTAGGGG) repeats at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes that are thought to be important in the protection and replication of chro mosomes. Lagging strand DNA synthesis at the end of linear chromosomes cannot be complieted (referred to as the end-replication problem), and this results in the progressive shortening of telomeric repeats with each cell division. This shortening of telomeres has been proposed as the mitotic clock, and when telomeres are sufficiently short, may contribute to replicative cellular senescence in cells. The enzyme telomerase permits the de novo synthesis of telomeric DNA into chromosomal ends. Apoptosis is physiologic cell death and prevent cancerous transformation of cell. METHODS: We measured the telome rase activity with the use of a PCR-based telomerase assay and apoptosis, in 10 superficial gastritis and 13 gastric cancer patients. RESULTS: Telomerase activity was present in 70% of the gastric cancer patient and in 92.7% of the superficial gastritis patients (P=0.171). Apoptosis was present in 0% of the gastric cancer patients, and in 80% of the superficial gastritis patients (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Telomerase activity was detected in and cancer and inflammatory tissue. Although there is progressive cellular division due to telomerase activity, cancerous transformations are prevented by apoptosis.
Apoptosis* ; Cell Aging ; Cell Death ; Cell Division ; DNA ; Gastritis* ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Telomerase* ; Telomere

Since it's introduction in 1956 as a general anesthetic agent, halothane has enjoyed worldwide acceptance as a relatively safe and useful inhalational anesthetic. It is described as a universal anesthetic agent by Johnstone, but the question of its potential hepatotoxicity has not been definitely established. At our hospital, the patient whose liver function was in normal limit and had no history of the hepatitis, jaundice, exposing to hepatotoxic drug or alcoholism, and have received general anesthesia with halothane for biliary surgery as first operation from June 1979 to August 1980 were studied to evaluate the change of the liver function before and after kalothane anesthesia. The results were as follows; 1) In two cases, the liver funtion test showed the evidence of the hepatic damage. 2) The change of SGOT and bilirubin was statistically significant, but there was no significant change of SGOT, alkaline phosphatase and T.T.T. 3) We thought that the changes of liver function test were due not only to halothane but also to the other factors. So, it may be good that repeated exposure to halothane is avoided.
Alcoholism ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biliary Tract* ; Bilirubin ; Halothane* ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Jaundice ; Liver Function Tests* ; Liver*

BACKGROUND: The clinical behavior of vitiligo has not been clearly understood and hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of the disease has been confusing and contradictory though autoimmune mechanisms have been considered important by many authors. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the clinical features and pathogenesis of vitiligo. METHODS: We investigated clinical features of vitiligo in 1315 patients, and also compared the clinical course and features of non-segmental type(type A) and segmental type(type B) vitiligo patients to see whether the two types of vitiligo have a different pathogenic mechanism. RESULTS: Previously reported clinical patterns of the disease were reviewed and compared with our data, and the different clinical findings between the two types which supported the hypothesis of Koga et al. that type A and type B vitiligo had a different pathogenesis and autoimmune mechanisms played a role only in type A were shown. CONCLUSION: We investigated the clinical characteristics of vitiligo in Korea and showed that the type A vitiligo might have a different pathogenic mechanism with type B.
Clinical Study* ; Humans ; Korea ; Vitiligo*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a sexuality education coaching program given to elementary school students in terms of sex-related knowledge and attitude. METHODS: The participants were elementary school students in S city (Experimental group=21, Control group=23). Data were collected and the program was conducted from Feb. 15 to Apr. 15, 2013. The experimental group of 21 elementary school students in the fifth and sixth grades who received the sexuality education coaching program, 10 sessions in the three weeks. The control group of 23 elementary school students in the fifth and sixth grades from another school received, 2 sessions in the three weeks on sexuality education including physiology and sexual abuse prevention. Data were analyzed using chi2-test, independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and utilized the SPSS program. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significantly better sex-related knowledge and sex-related attitudes than the control group. CONCLUSION: Therefore, individualized approach with emphasis on the differences of their level of understanding and strengths should be considered in providing sexuality education coaching programs for elementary school students.
Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; *Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Schools ; *Sex Education ; Sexuality ; Students/*psychology

Sunlight is one of the well-established factors which play key roles in the induction and exacerbation of lupus erythematosus. In two patients of discoid lupus erythematosus, we have experimentally reproduced skin lesions by provocative phototesting. Both UVA (100 joules/cm²) and UVB (80 millijoules/cm²) radiation induced the skin lesions. The reproduced skin lesions were clinically and histopathologically consistent with lupus erythematosus.
Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid ; Reproduction* ; Skin ; Sunlight

This study was to observe the changes of blastogenic responses of splenic lymphocytes to T-cell mitogens, N. fowleri lysate and concanavalin A, and serum antibody titer during the course of experimental PAM in mice. Naegleria fowleri, strain 0359, was cultured in the CGVS medium axenically and inoculated intranasally with 7 x 10(4) trophozoites for the development of experimental PAM in mice. The amoebae were subjected to ultrasonication and centrifuged at 20,000 g for 60 minutes, and filtered through 0.2 micro-m filter membrane. The supernatant, N. fowleri lysate, was used as T-cell mitogen, and antigen for ELISA. The serum antibody was examined by ELISA using peroxidase conjugate. Two hundred micro-l of 10(6) splenocytes in RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal calf serum were added to each well of a microtiter plate. To each well was added T-cell mitogens, 100 micro-g/ml of N. fowleri lysate or 4 micro-g/ml of con. A, and the plates were incubated for 42 hours at 37 C in 5% CO(2) incubator. Cultures were pulsed with 1 micro-Ci of methyl-(3H)-thymidine 6 hour before harvesting. The mean blastogenic response of the splenocytes to N. fowleri lysate was reduced, whereas that to con. A was also reduced up to on day 11 after infection. Both of these results were statistically significant compared with those of uninfected control group. The serum antibody titers were increased gradually up to day 15. The results indicated that there was an impairment of the blastogenic response of splenocytes to N. fowleri lysate during the acute course of experimental PAM in mice.
parasitology-protozoa ; Naegleria fowleri ; primary amoebic meningoencephalitis ; immunology ; spleen ; lymphocyte ; mouse

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the relationships between spiritual well-being, attitude towards death and perception of hospice, and the factors influencing hospice perception of high school students. METHODS: A survey was conducted with 229 students in four high schools in B city from May 1, 2015 through May 31, 2015. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS 18.0 program. This study was approved by the internal review board. RESULTS: The factors influencing hospice perception of the high school students were previous recognition of hospice (β=0.412, P<0.001), attitude towards death preparation among sub-variables of attitude towards death (β=-0.244, P<0.001), subjective school life satisfaction (β=-0.215, P<0.001), and sex (β=0.191, P<0.001). The more positive the attitude towards my body after death and that towards death preparation was, the more positive recognition for hospice was. The total explanatory power of these factors was 34.5%. CONCLUSION: To improve high school students' perception of hospice, it is necessary to provide them with a hospice education program to help them with their attitudes towards death preparation and their understanding of hospice.
Adolescent ; Attitude to Death ; Education ; Hospice Care ; Hospices* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Palliative Care* ; Spirituality

Purpose: Traumatic duodenal injury is uncommon and due to its difficult diagnosis and accessibility there is an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Methods: Electronic medical records of a single center were reviewed retrospectively from March 2008 to December 2020 and a total of 7 cases of traumatic duodenal injury were managed by surgical exploration. The site of duodenal perforation, injury mechanisms, operation method, and postoperative outcomes were assessed. Results: The mean age was 55.72 years (range, 34-78), and there were 5 men in the study. The most common mechanism was in-car traffic accident (4 cases), and 1 case each of pedestrian accident, accident during work, and self-injured stab wound. The most common site of injury was between the 3rd and 4th portion (3 cases), followed by the bulb and 1st portion (2 cases), and 2nd portion (2 cases). Segmental resection of the duodenum and primary anastomosis was performed in the 3rd and 4th portion perforation. In cases of 1st and 2nd portion, injury was managed by primary repair or pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy. Complications developed in 4 patients, and the most common complication was a problem with the wound; wound seromas developed in 4 cases, entero-cutaneous fistula in 1, and biliary complications in 2 cases. Two patients suffered from intraperitoneal abscess or fluid collection managed by percutaneous drainage. The mean duration of hospital stay was 34 days, and postoperative mortality did not develop. Conclusion Favorable clinical outcomes were observed in patients with traumatic duodenal injury managed by various surgical approaches.