No abstract available.
Dacryocystorhinostomy*

PURPOSE: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important mitogen in many types of malignancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the IGF system on cell proliferation and cell death in mouse lung cancer cell lines (3LL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Northern analysis was performed in 3LL cells. We evaluated the phosphorylation of IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) with IGF-I stimulation. MTT assay was performed after treating 3LL cells with IGF-I and the treatment effect on cell death in the presence of anticancer drug was investigated. RESULTS: Northern analysis revealed the presence of IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNA expression in 3LL cells. IGF-I increased cellular proliferation in serum free media. IGF-I also stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of two proteins: one, with a molecular mass of 95 kDa, was the beta-subunit of IGF-IR; the other, with an approximate molecular mass of 185 kDa, was originally identified as the insulin receptor substrate-I (IRS-I). IGF-I at a low concentration inhibited the cell death induced by adriamycin. CONCLUSION: IGF-I, a mitogen through the phosphorylation of the IGF-IR beta-subunit, acts as a survival factor to inhibit cell death. Therefore, these findings suggest that IGF-I and IGF-IR are involved in both the cell proliferation and cell death associated with cancer cell growth.
Animals ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Doxorubicin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Mice* ; Phosphorylation ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; Receptor, Insulin ; RNA, Messenger ; Tyrosine

BACKGROUND: IGF-I is an important mitogen in many types of malignancies. Tumors also express many IGF binding proteins, which modulate IGF action. The purpose of this study was to evaluaste the effect of IGF-I and IGFBP on cell proliferation in mouse lung cancer cells (3LL). METHODS: The cellular proliferation of 3LL with the treatment of growth factors was evaluated using MTT assay. Western ligand blot was performed in order to determine whether 3LL cells secrete IGFBPs and we evaluated the effect of IGFBP on cellular proliferation. RESULTS: The treatment of 3LL cells with IGF-I increased cellular proliferation in a serum free media. Western ligand blot of conditioned medium of 3LL with 125I-IGF-I demonstrated one single major band with an estimated molecular mass of 24 kDa. This band was identified as IGFBP-4 with immunoblot analysis using antisera. The addition of anti-IGFBP-4 antibody to abrogate the effect of IGFBP-4 resulted in increased cellular prolife ration suggesting that IGFBP-4 inhibits cell growth. CONCLUSION: IGF-I increases cellular proliferation, however the secreted IGFBP- 4 has an ingibitory function on cell growth in 3LL. These findings suggest that IGF-I and IGFBP are involved in the cell proliferation.
Animals ; Carrier Proteins* ; Cell Proliferation ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Immune Sera ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 4 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Lasers, Solid-State* ; Papilloma*

BACKGROUND: During pediatric general anesthesia with Mapleson D-circuit, we used large amount of FGF(fresh gas flow) for avoidance of rebreathing of expired gas but low FGF are employed, the amount of anesthetic consumption and air contamination can be reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fact that FGF of 220 ml/kg/min is clinically acceptable. METHODS: We selected sixty children weighing < or =20 kg who were scheduled for inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia. The study was performed by 2 steps; In the step 1, the patients were divided into two groups according to weight(less than or greater than 8 kg) and end-tidal Pco2 were compared with simultaneous arterial Pco2 measurements. In the step 2, the patients were divided into two groups according to FGF(2MV or 220 ml/kg) and arterial Pco2, end tidal Pco2 and PminCO2(minimum inspired Pco2) were measured. RESULTS: In the step 1 study, arterial Pco2 was significantly higher than end-tidal Pco2 in the group 1 and there was slight difference in arterial Pco2 and end-tidal Pco2 in the group 2. In the step 2 study, PaCO2, PetCO2, PminCO2 were significantly increased in the group 3 than group 2 but there were no clinical hypoxemia in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: We consider that FGF of 220 ml/kg/min is appropriate during controlled ventilation with Mapleson D circuit in children weighing > or =8 kg because of economic and ecological advantages. Also, we consider FGF can be reduced in children weighing <8 kg under accurate respiratory gas monitoring.
Anesthesia, General* ; Anesthetics ; Anoxia ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Heart Rate ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Eosinophilic Granuloma* ; Eosinophils* ; Lymph Nodes*

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Toes*

No abstract available.
Bronchoscopes*

Objectives: . Resident macrophages are well known to be present in the cochlea, but the exact patterns thereof in spiral ligaments have not been discussed in previous studies. We sought to document the distribution of macrophages in intact cochleae using three-dimensional imaging. Methods: . Cochleae were obtained from C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1+/GFP mice, and organ clearing was performed. Three-dimensional images of cleared intact cochleae were reconstructed using two-photon microscopy. The locations of individual macrophages were investigated using 100-μm stacked images to reduce bias. Cochlear inflammation was then induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation into the middle ear through the tympanic membrane. Four days after inoculation, three-dimensional images were obtained. Results: . Macrophages were scarce in areas adjacent to the stria vascularis, particularly the area just beneath it even though many have suspected macrophages to be abundant in this area. This finding remained consistent upon LPS-induced cochlear inflammation, despite a significant increase in the number of macrophages, compared to non-treated cochlea. Conclusion . Resident macrophages in spiral ligaments are scarce in areas adjacent to the stria vascularis.

Objectives: . Resident macrophages are well known to be present in the cochlea, but the exact patterns thereof in spiral ligaments have not been discussed in previous studies. We sought to document the distribution of macrophages in intact cochleae using three-dimensional imaging. Methods: . Cochleae were obtained from C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1+/GFP mice, and organ clearing was performed. Three-dimensional images of cleared intact cochleae were reconstructed using two-photon microscopy. The locations of individual macrophages were investigated using 100-μm stacked images to reduce bias. Cochlear inflammation was then induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inoculation into the middle ear through the tympanic membrane. Four days after inoculation, three-dimensional images were obtained. Results: . Macrophages were scarce in areas adjacent to the stria vascularis, particularly the area just beneath it even though many have suspected macrophages to be abundant in this area. This finding remained consistent upon LPS-induced cochlear inflammation, despite a significant increase in the number of macrophages, compared to non-treated cochlea. Conclusion . Resident macrophages in spiral ligaments are scarce in areas adjacent to the stria vascularis.