PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of a safety management program on safety accident-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of elementary school students in Korea. METHODS: This study adopted nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The number of subjects was 34 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group. The safety management program was performed for approximately 50 minutes each session, once a week for 8 weeks. Data were collected from March 14th to June 23th, 2006, and analyzed by chi2 test and independent t-test with SPSS WIN 16.0. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in safety-related knowledge (t=3.010, p=.006) and behavior (t=18.833, p=.001) between the experimental group and the control group. The score of attitude was different between the experimental group and the control group but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The safety management program used in this study was appropriate for elemental school students and affected safety-related knowledge and behavior of elementary school students. Therefore safety education should be provided systematically for elementary schools over the whole country.
Accident Prevention ; Education ; Humans ; Korea* ; Safety Management*

The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional and health status of women industrial workers by working fields. One hundred forty eight (105 lead and 43 office) workers were recruited from March 2005 to October 2005. Information on age, education, smoking and drinking status were collected using questionnaire and nutrient intake and diet quality of workers were assessed by average of two-day 24 hr recall method. Biochemical indexes including blood lead level (PbB), indexes for iron status, serum calcium (Ca) and serum lipid profiles were analyzed from fasting venous blood or serum. Results showed that education level of lead workers was lower than that of office workers (p < 0.05), but nutrient intake levels were not significantly different by working fields. Overall nutritional status of the subject were good except for calcium, vitamin B2, C and folic acid intakes. PbB of lead workers were significantly higher than that of office workers while mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and serum Ca levels were significantly lower in lead workers. MCHC was positively correlated with zinc intake (r = 0.166) and serum Ca was positively correlated with vitamin C intake (r = 0.179). This study confirms that lead workers need extra care to keep their health and nutritional management especially for the nutrients known to interact with lead. Tailored nutrition education for workers at specific working fields needs to be more focused for the improvement of health status of industrial workers.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Diet ; Drinking ; Education ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Fasting ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Iron ; Nutritional Status ; Riboflavin ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Zinc

PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a "Palliative Care Professional" education program and evaluate its effects on the recognition of good death, palliative care, and the meaning of life for nurses. METHODS: It was developed based on the hospice care program for volunteers being used in the Hospice Palliative Care Research Center of S University in Seoul. It was also based on the studies which investigated the educational needs of nurses in palliative care. This program consisted of 5 sessions and 16 content items for 2 weeks. A non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was utilized and participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=42) or the control group (n=44). RESULTS: The recognition of a good death (F=11.44, p=.001), palliative care (F=4.15, p=.045), and the meaning of life (F=5.12, p=.026) increased more significantly for participants in the experimental group than in the control group. Participants felt that they gained further knowledge in palliative patient management and refined their clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate that this program could serve as a practical program for palliative care nursing in the nursing field and suggests that more attention should be directed to the diverse educational needs of nurses.
Adult ; Attitude to Death ; Female ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Nursing Staff/*psychology ; *Palliative Care ; *Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the life experiences of patients with a severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). METHODS: The data were collected through in-depth interviews of six patients suffering from severe COPD. The interviewed data were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim and checked for accuracy. The Giorgi method of phenomenology was used for analyzing data. RESULTS: Eight themes forming the, units of meaning, were: Repeated and Unpredictable Suffering of Dyspnea, Confidence Loss/Exhaustion Life due to non-efficient breathing, Gradually Deprived Liberty, Absolute Being to Sustaining my life, Source of Burden but Significant Person I am in the Family, Endless Tug-of-War-Capability/Endeavor to Breath, Longing for my Life, and Dead-end of breathing. CONCLUSION: The study results provide an in-depth understanding of life experiences of patients suffering from severe COPD. The findings will be useful to nurses caring for this population.
Dyspnea ; Freedom ; Humans ; Ice ; Life Change Events ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Respiration ; Stress, Psychological

The insulinoma is a rare tumor, usually small, solitary and benign with no prediction for any part of the pancreas. It is amendable to surgical cure but approximately 10percent are malignant and the peak incidence is encountered between ages 40~60. Surgery has been established as the treatment of choice. The reason for electing to operate rather than treat symptomatically is prevention of complications, such as increasing obesity, or prolonged and irreversible episodes of hypoglycemic coma with resultant permanent central nervous damage. During the anesthesia for a patient with insulinoam, the important problems are to recognize and treat hypoglycemia. This is a case report of a patient with insulinoma who underwent surgical treatment. Two years age, under the diagnosis of insulinoma, she was underwent distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy. But 3 months ago, hypoglycemic attacks recurred during fasting periods surgical intervention was performed under the diagnosis of recurrent insulinoma. She was anesthetized with thalamonal-nitrous oxide-oxygen, pancuronium, and 10 percent dextrose solution was administered throughout the operation. We monitered the level of blood sugar intermittently by using a rapie sugar analyser(Glucometer, Ames, Japan). No hypoglycemic episode during anesthesia was observed. We report the case of our anesthetic experience withan insulinoma and review the anesthetic choice and the management of the patient.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Glucose ; Coma ; Diagnosis ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Insulinoma* ; Obesity ; Pancreas ; Pancreatectomy ; Pancuronium ; Splenectomy

There are substantial clinical and experimental evidences to support the hypothesis that catecholamine surge causes cardiac failure and pulmonary edema after the acute neurological events. A previous healthy 74-year-old man was submitted to an emergency craniotomy for the evacuation of the delayed subdural hemorrhage after a motorcycle accident. After anesthetic induction, profound hypotension and progressive decrease of arterial oxygen tension developed and continued for several hours in spite of fluid loading and inotropic support with dopamine in combination with dobutamine. Electrocardiographic changes and increase of serum cardiac isoenzymes suggesting myocardial infarction were absent. On auscultation, crackles were detected in both lung bases, indicating pulmonary edema. On the basis of the assumption that left ventricular dysfunction was combined with the acute pulmonary edema, with a possible neurogenic component, aggressive management including dobutamine in combination with isosorbide dinitrate was instituted. As a result, these cardio-respiratory complications rapidly resolved without any neurologic sequelae.
Aged ; Auscultation ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Craniotomy ; Dobutamine ; Dopamine ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Head* ; Heart Failure ; Hematoma, Subdural ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Isoenzymes ; Isosorbide Dinitrate ; Lung ; Motorcycles ; Myocardial Infarction ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Respiratory Sounds ; Ventricular Dysfunction ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left

Premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome may have clinically significant shunting through a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Left-to-right shunting through the PDA may lead to left ventricular volume overload and pulmonary edema. We present a case of perioperative management for severe respiratory distress syndrome in a premature infant who underwent surgical closure of PDA. Under general anesthesia, the infant was successfully managed by inhaled nitric oxide, high frequency oscillation ventilation with intermittent mandatory ventilation despite intermittent hypoxia. The operation was performed safely in the neonatal intensive care unit.
Anesthesia, General ; Anoxia ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent* ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Nitric Oxide ; Pulmonary Edema ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Though caudal block is a relative simple technique, it has not been widely used in adults because of a high failure rate. We assumed that any tests to quantify the changes of sympathetic tone in the affected areas would be excellent indicators of successful block. We tested the usefulness of two candidates (pulse oximetry plethysmographic waveform amplitude measured at 5th toe and calf minus 5th toe skin temperature gradient) as indicators of successful caudal block. METHODS: In 45 adult patients undergoing anal surgery with caudal block, these two variables were simultaneously measured at 2-min intervals for 20 min. A two-fold increase in the plethysmographic waveform amplitude from baseline and skin temperature gradient of 0oC were predefined as test criteria of successful block. RESULTS: While the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the skin temperature gradient test were 45.9%, 100%, 100%, and 9.1%, those of the plethysmographic waveform test were 86.5%, 100%, 100%, and 28.6%. The plethysmographic waveform test showed a significantly higher discriminative capacity than the skin temperature gradient test (94.9% vs. 48.7%, P < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: Unlike the skin temperature gradient test, the plethysmographic waveform test showed a considerably high validity in detecting successful block. Considering its simple and real time monitoring potentials together with a high failure rate of caudal block in adults, we cautiously recommend it as a supplemental diagnostic tool to predict successful block, especially when verbal communication with patient is difficult.
Adult ; Humans ; Oximetry* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin Temperature* ; Skin* ; Toes

Intubation granuloma is a delayed complication of endotracheal intubation in adults.The most frequent complaint of the patient with laryngeal granuloma is hoarseness and the most common location of the granuloma is the vocal process of arytenoid cartilage.We report a female patient with incidentally detected granuloma during endotracheal intubation who had no preoperative vocal symptoms.
Female ; Granuloma ; Granuloma, Laryngeal ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal

BACKGROUND: The effects of local and inhalation anesthesia on the contraction of the tracheal smooth muscle have been reported. However, when inhalation and local anesthesia are administered simultaneously, their effects on the contraction of the airway smooth muscle are not well known. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of lidocaine, bupivacaine, with or without enflurane, on the histamine induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in guinea pigs. METHODS: Isolated tracheal rings of guinea pigs were suspended in Krebs solution. The contractions were recorded isometrically using a transducer. A contraction was induced by histamine (10(-5) M). Enflurane (1 MAC) was administered for 15 min after administering the histamine. The cumulative dose responses of the lidocaine and bupivacaine (10(-8) M, 10(-7) M, 10(-6) M, 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M, and 10(-3) M), enflurane-lidocaine and enflurane-bupivacaine groups were checked. RESULTS: The contraction by histamine were inhibited by lidocaine (10(-4) M and 10(-3) M) and bupivacaine (10(-5) M, 10(-4) M and 10(-3) M). In addition, the contractions were inhibited more significantly in the bupivacaine group (10(-7) M, 10(-6) M, 10(-5) M, 10(-4) M and 10(-3) M) after administering enflurane. CONCLUSIONS: Lidocaine and bupivacaine inhibited the contractions induced by histamine. The contractions by bupivacaine were further inhibited after administering enflurane.
Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Anesthesia, Local ; Animals ; Bupivacaine* ; Enflurane* ; Guinea Pigs* ; Guinea* ; Histamine ; Inhalation ; Lidocaine* ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Trachea ; Transducers